Laboratory Exercise No.

5
Time Response Analysis of Linear Time-Invariant Systems Using Matlab

1. Objective:
The activity aims to compute and plot the time response of a transfer function due to different in Matlab.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:
2.1 Analyze the step response, impulse response, the ramp response and responses to other simple
inputs.

3. Discussion:
One of the more useful functions in the study of linear systems is the "unit impulse function" or
“Dirac delta function”. An ideal impulse function is a function that is zero everywhere but at the origin,
where it is infinitely high. However, the area of the impulse is finite.

If we take the limit as T→0, we get a pulse of infinite height, zero width, but still with an area of
one; this is the unit impulse and we represent it by δ(t). Since we can't show the height of the impulse on
our graph, we use the vertical axis to show the area. The unit impulse has area=1, so that is the shown
height.

4. Resources:
Matlab
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5. Procedure:
1. In order to plot the unit-step response of the following system

use the commands,

>>num = [0 2 10]
>>den =[1 5 4]
>>SYS = tf(num, den)
>>step(SYS)
Show the plot using Figure 1 in Data and Results.
2. To plot the response due to step input of magnitude other than unity, for example 5 , use the
command
>>step(5*SYS)
Show the plot using Figure 2 in Data and Results.
3. To specify a different time range for evaluating the output response, for example from 0s to 10s
with the interval of 0.1s, use the commands
>> t = 0:0.1:10
>>step(SYS,t)
Show the plot using Figure 3 in Data and Results.
4. To plot the step responses of multiple LTI systems, use the command
>>step(SYS1,SYS2,…)
>>Provide at least three systems. Show the plot using Figure 4 in Data and Results.
5. To plot the unit-impulse response of the following system

use the commands

>>num = [0 5]
>>den = [2 10]
>>SYS = tf(num,den)
>>impulse(SYS)
Show the plot using Figure 5 in Data and Results.
6. To plot the response due to impulse input of magnitude other than unity, for example 6 , use the
command
>>impulse(6*SYS)
Show the plot using Figure 6 in Data and Results
7. To specify a different time range for evaluating the output response, for example from 0s to 10s
with the interval of 0.1s, use the commands
>> t = 0:0.1:10
>>impulse(SYS,t)
Show the plot using Figure 7 in Data and Results.

8. There is no ramp command in Matlab. To obtain the unit ramp response of the transfer function
G(s), multiply G(s) by 1/s and use the resulting function in the step command. To plot the unit-
ramp response of the following:
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 multiply the denominator by s producing s3 + s2 + s, use the commands
>>num = [0 0 0 1]
>>den = [1 1 1 0]]
>>SYS = tf(num,den)
>>step(SYS)
Show the plot in Figure 8 in Data and Results.
9. To obtain the time response of the LTI system SYS=tf(num,den) to an arbitrary input (i.e.
exponential function, sinusoidal function, etc.), Matlab has lsim command ( stands for linear
simulation). To obtain the output time response of the transfer function

when the input r is given by r =e-t having a time range of 0s to 6s in interval of 0.1, use the
commands
>>num=[0 2]
>>den = [1 3]
>>SYS=tf(num,den)
>>t=0:0.1:6
>>r=exp(-t)
>>lsim(SYS,r,t)
Show the plot in Figure 9 in Data and Results.
10. Determine the unit-step response, unit-impulse response, unit-ramp response and arbitrary
response ( r = e-t ) of the transfer function in Procedure 1 of Laboratory Exercise 4. Show the plots
in Figures 10a to 10d in Data and Results.

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Course: ECE 006 Laboratory Exercise No.: 5
Group No.: Section: CH42FB2
Group Members: SEMILLA, JOLINA S. Date Performed: January 5, 2019
Date Submitted: January 5, 2019
Instructor: ENGR. CRISPULO MARANAN

6. Data and Results:

1. Procedure 1
Figure 1. Unit-step response of a system

2. Procedure 2
Figure 2. Step response having a magnitude other than unity of a system

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3. Procedure 3
Figure 3. Unit-step response of a system having a different time range

4. Procedure 4
Figure 4. Step responses of multiple LTI systems
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 >> num=[0 2]
>> den = [1 4]
>> SYS3=tf(num,den)

SYS3 =
2
-----
s+4

Continuous-time transfer function.

>> num = [0 0 0 1]
>> den = [0 1 1 0]
>> SYS2 = tf(num,den)

SYS2 =

1
---------------------
s^2 + s

Continuous-time transfer function.

>> num = [0 3 5]
>> den =[1 8 6]
>> SYS1 = tf(num, den)

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 SYS1 =

3s+5
-------------
s^2 + 8 s + 6

Continuous-time transfer function.

5. Procedure 5
Figure 5. Unit-impulse response of a system

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6. Procedure 6
Figure 6. Impulse response having a magnitude other than unity of a system

7. Procedure 7
Figure 3. Unit-impulse response of a system having a different time range
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8. Procedure 8
Figure 8. Unit-ramp response of a system

9. Procedure 9
Figure 9. Arbitrary response of a system
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10. Procedure 10
Figure 10a. Unit-step response of a system

Figure 10b. Unit-impulse response of a system

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 Figure 10c. Unit-ramp response of a system

Figure 10d. Arbitrary response of a system

7.Conclusion:

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 I therefore conclude that the step response, impulse response, the ramp response and responses to
other simple inputs are useful functions in the study of linear systems. By using MATLAB, the objective of
this laboratory activity has been met which aims to compute and plot the time response of a transfer
function.

8. Further Readings:
Ferraris, G. and Manenti, F. (2010). Interpolation and regression models for the chemical engineer:
solving numerical problems. Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag
Filo, O. (2010). Information processing by biochemical systems: neural network type configurations.
New Jersey: Wiley.
Gopal, S. (2009). Bioinformatics: a computing perspective. India: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering
Math.
Jaluria, Y. (2012). Computer methods for engineering with MATLAB applications (2nd ed.). Boca,
Raton,Florida: CRC Press.
Knopf, F. C. (2012). Modeling, analysis and optimization of process and energy systems.Hoboken,
New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons.
Velten, K. (2009). Mathematical modeling and simulation: introduction for scientists and engineers.
Singapore: Wiley-VCH.

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9. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):
TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES
RUBRIC FOR MODERN TOOL USAGE
(Engineering Programs)
Student Outcome (e): Use the techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering
practice in complex engineering activities.
Program: Chemical Engineering Course: CHE 530D1 Section: _______ ____Sem SY
________
Performance Unsatisfactory Developing Satisfactory Very Score
Indicators 1 2 3 Satisfactory
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1. Apply Fails to identify Identifies Identifies modern Recognizes the
appropriate any modern modern techniques and is benefits and
techniques, techniques to techniques able to apply constraints of
skills, and perform but fails to these in modern
modern discipline- apply these in performing engineering tools
tools to specific performing discipline-specific and shows
perform a engineering discipline- engineering task. intention to apply
discipline- task. specific them for
specific engineering engineering
engineering task. practice.
task.
2. Demonstrate Fails to apply Attempts to Shows ability to Shows ability to
skills in any modern apply modern apply apply the most
applying tools to solve tools but has fundamental appropriate and
different engineering difficulties to procedures in effective modern
techniques problems. solve using modern tools to solve
and modern engineering tools when engineering
tools to problems. solving problems.
solve engineering
engineering problems.
problems.

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 3. Recognize Does not Recognizes Recognizes the Recognizes the
the benefits recognize the some benefits benefits and need for benefits
and benefits and and constraints of and constraints of
constraints constraints of constraints of modern modern
of modern modern modern engineering tools engineering tools
engineering engineering engineering and shows and makes good
tools. tools. tools. intention to apply use of them for
them for engineering
engineering practice.
practice.
Total Score
Mean Score = (Total Score / 3)
Percentage Rating = (Total Score / 12) x 100%
Evaluated by: ______________________________________ _______________
Printed Name and Signature of Faculty Member Date

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