Experiment List

Sr.No Experiments Date of Date of Report

. Lab Submission
Conduct
1 Generating Frequency Domain Transforms and 2-4-2021 4-4-2021
Transfer Functions using Symbolic MATH and Control
Toolbox
2 Mathematical Modeling and System Reduction Using 9-4-2021 1-5-2021
SIMULINK and Control Toolbox
3 Time Response of First Order Systems Using Control 16-4-2021 1-5-2021
Toolbox and SIMULINK
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5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
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Experiment 3
Time Response of First Order Systems Using Control Toolbox and
SIMULINK

Objective

1. To code in MATLAB to find system response of a first order system using Control System Toolbox.
2. To use SIMULINK LTI Viewer to analyze the system response of first order system.

Theoretical Explanation

System Response of First Order Systems

A first order control system is a type of control system whose input-output relationship (Transfer function) is
a first-order differential equation.
Ka
G=
s+a

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Where K is the DC Gain. If the input is a unit step, R ( s )= so the output is a step response C(s). The general
s
equation of 1st order control system is
a
C ( s ) =R ( s ) . G ( s )=
s (s +a)
There are two poles, one is the input pole at the origin s = 0 and the other is the system pole at s = -a, this pole
is at the negative axis of the pole plot. Total response become c ( t ) =c f ( t )+ c n(t) which is the sum of forced
response and natural response.

System Performance Parameters

The rise time is defined as the time for the waveform to go from 0.1 to 0.9 or 10% to 90% of its final value.
T r=2.2 /a
The settling time is defined as the time for the response to reach and stay within 2% of its final value.
T s=4 / a
Explanation of Procedure
A. Tools/Commands
1. MATLAB Control System Toolbox
2. SIMULINK
3. SIMULINK LTIViewer.
B. Codes

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1- Make an m-file which calculates the following:

a. Poles
b. Zeros
c. Pole-zero plot
d. Step response and label it for system characteristics.

%Task_1
%G1
syms s
G1=10/(s+10)
Disp(G1)
P=poles(G1)
T=tf([0,10],[1,10]);
Z=zero(T)
pzmap(T)
step(T)

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%G2
syms s
G2=10/(s+5)
Disp(G2)
P=poles(G2)
T=tf([0,10],[1,5]);
Z=zero(T)

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pzmap(T)
step(T)

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%G3
syms s
G3=10*(s+2)/(s+10)
Disp(G3)
P=poles(G3)
T=tf([10,20],[1,10]);
Z=zero(T)
pzmap(T)
step(T)

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2- Make an m-file which calculates the Tr and Ts using formulas.

%Task_2
T1=tf([0,10],[1,10]);
Z=zero(T1)
Tr1=2.2/Z
Ts1=4/Z

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T2=tf([0,10],[1,5]);
Z=zero(T2)
Tr2=2.2/Z
Ts2=4/Z

T3=tf([10,20],[1,10]);
Z=zero(T3)
Tr3=2.2/Z
Ts3=4/Z

3- Use codes from task 1 and 2 to calculate Tr and Ts for G1, G2 and G3. Compare your answers.

%Task_3
%G1
tr=2.2/10
disp(tr)
ts=4/10;
disp(ts);

%G2
tr=2.2/5
disp(tr)
ts=4/5;
disp(ts);

%G3
tr=2.2/10
disp(tr)
ts=4/10;
disp(ts)

4- Use Simulink model for G1, G2 and G3 and show step response using LTI Viewer and show the
characteristics

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5- On the basis of your results find the following conclusions.

a. What is the effect of increasing the value of pole.
The limit of stability is at σ = 0, hence any moving of the poles toward the right-hand side will
bring the system closer to the unstable region. Similarly, poles moving toward the left-hand side
make the system more stable.
b. What is the effect of system gain?
If the gain increases to a high enough extent, some systems can become unstable but it will
decrease the steady state error. In some cases, as the gain to a system increases, generally the
rise-time decreases, the percent overshoot increases, and the settling time increases.

c. What is the effect of the zero added to the system?

Zero is defined as the root of the numerator of the transfer function and addition of zeroes
increases the stability as the speed of response increases.

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Observations and calculation

Control system toolbox provides algorithms for systematically analyzing, designing and tuning linear control
systems. You can specify your system as transfer function, zero-pole-gain, or frequency-response model to
analyze and visualize system behavior in time and frequency domains. The toolbox contains the
functions step and impulse which allows the simulation of the response of a control system to these test
signals. Given the numerator and denominator of a system transfer function and simulation time
duration t given as a vector, these functions will return the response y(t) that determines the system
performance

Conclusion

Poles and zeros reveal a significant amount of information about stability and the time-domain response of the
system.  A frequency domain analysis of system only shows what happens in the steady state when the system
is driven with different frequencies; it doesn’t say anything about the transient response. Time-domain
simulations can also show you the transient response, but it is difficult to determine whether resonance can
occur in the system. Transient simulations should complement pole-zero analysis; they are great for getting an
in-depth view of a system’s temporal response after you determine the poles and zeros.

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