Solidity: People, things, information, and places “harden” over time and therefore have limited mobility.

That is, all of them tended to be hard or to harden (metaphorically, figuratively, not literally, of course)
over time and therefore, among other things, to remain largely in place.

EXAMPLE

- People either did not go anywhere or they did not venture very far from where they were born and
raised; their social relationships were restricted to those who were nearby.

- The solidity of most material manifestations of information – stone tablets, newspapers, magazines,
books, and so on – also made them at least somewhat difficult to move very far. Furthermore, since people
didn’t move very far, neither did information.

- Places were not only quite solid and immoveable, but they tended to confront solid natural (mountains,
rivers, oceans) and humanly constructed (walls, gates) barriers that made it difficult for people and things
to exit or to enter.

- Walls [e.g. the Great Wall of China; the wall between Israel and the West Bank], border gates and guards),
and the state itself grew increasingly solid as it resisted change.

- Soviet Union grew increasingly sclerotic. The best example of this solidity was the erection (beginning in
1961), and maintenance, of the Berlin Wall in order to keep East Berliners in and Western influences out.

Liquidity: Increasing ease of movement of people, things, information, and places in the global age.

EXAMPLE:

- Liquid phenomena do not easily, or for long, hold their shape. Thus, the myriad liquid phenomena
associated with globalization are hard-pressed to maintain any particular form and, even if they acquire a
form, it is likely to change quite quickly.

- Liquid phenomena fix neither space nor time. That which is liquid is, by definition, opposed to any kind
of fixity, be it spatial or temporal.

- Global finance where little or nothing (dollars, gold) actually changes its place (at least immediately), but
time is of the essence in that the symbolic representations of money move instantaneously and great
profits can be made or lost in split-second decisions on financial transactions.

- Liquid phenomena not only move easily, but once they are on the move they are difficult to stop. This is
exemplified in many areas such as foreign trade, investment, and global financial transactions (Polillo and
Guillen 2005: 1764–802)

- The globalization of transactions and interactions (e.g., on Facebook, Twitter [Clive Thompson 2008:
42ff.]) on the Internet, and the difficulty in halting the global flow of drugs, pornography, the activities of
organized crime, and illegal immigrants.
“Flows (pictures) that shows movement of people brought by Globalization”

“Things that are imported in the Philippines introduced by Foreigner”

 Reaction Paper

Over the last two centuries trade has grown remarkably, completely transforming the global
economy. Today about one fourth of total global production is exported. Understanding this
transformative process is important because trade has generated gains, but it has also had important
distributional consequences. The integration of national economies into a global economic system
has been one of the most important developments of the last century. This process of integration,
often called Globalization, has materialized in a remarkable growth in trade between countries.

Trade transactions include both goods tangible products that are physically shipped and
services intangible commodities, such as tourism and financial services. The production chains for
these goods and services are becoming increasingly complex and global. The following product
groups represent the highest dollar value worth of import purchases during 2018. Also shown is each
product category represents in terms of overall imports into the Philippines. Electrical machinery,
equipment, mineral fuels including oil, Vehicles, Iron, steel, Plastics, plastic articles, aircraft,
spacecraft, cereals, articles of iron or steel, optical, technical, medical apparatus. There are a variety
of reasons for importing goods, one of which is the benefit for the global economy. Medical
equipment, smartphones, and many different types of food are just a few products that we rely on
every day that wouldn’t be possible without imports. The modern world also relies on imports to
build sustainable products. Some items like microchips, wires, and oil are imported and used to
build or operate local products. In today’s climate, words like “import” and “export” trigger adverse
reactions. International trade influences the strength of local economies, the unemployment rate,
and opportunities in business. While the stability of the local economy is essential, one of the ways
it maintains its balance is through international trade. Developing economies rely on international
exports to stay afloat. The importance of imports to countries in Africa and other developing nations
cannot be understated. Countries rich in raw materials and resources bolster their local economy
and level the playing field by exporting sought-after goods and materials to countries around the
world where these materials aren’t available. One could say that imports and exports level the
economic playing field for developing nations.

With the expansion of the Internet, many businesses have now started to compete on a global
scale. Whenever a business starts growing and expanding, entrepreneurs begin striving to become
more competitive either by importing or exporting goods. As these are the basics that make a
business successful, here are some of the key benefits of importing and exporting that are worth
considering. As soon as a business starts operating internationally, there are many additional factors
which can have a huge impact on its success. Exporting and importing goods is not just the core of
any large, successful business; it also helps national economies grow and expand. Each country is
endowed with some specific resources. At the same time, a country may lack other resources in
order to develop and improve its overall economy. Once countries start exporting whatever they
are rich in, as well as importing goods they lack, their economies begin developing. Importing and
exporting goods is not only important for businesses; it is important for individual consumers, too.
Consumers can benefit from certain products or components that are not produced locally, but are
available to purchase online from a business abroad.

MIDTERM EXAM

1. Answer the following questions:

a. Enumerate at least five of the most recent songs you have listened. Where did they originated?
Identify the nationality of the writer and/or artist for each music.
 Kung Di Rin Lang Ikaw by Moira Dela torre ft. December Avenue- Originated in
the Philippines and the nationality of the singers are Filipino.

 Boy with Luv by BTS- Originated in South Korea and the nationality of the singers
are Koreans.

 Another Day by Punch ft. Monday Kiz- Originated in South Korea and the
nationality of the singers are Koreans.

 Boyfriend by Ariana Grande- Originated in America and the nationality of the singer
is American.

 Sana by I Belong To The Zoo Band- Originated in the Philippines and the
nationality of the singer is Filipino.

b. What gadgets or devices do you usually use to listen to music?

 I usually used my gadgets which are my cellphone, laptop, and I also used different
devices such as earphones, headphones, and also a speaker in kistening to my favorite
song sang by different talented singers around the world.

c. Where were these gadgets or devices made? Where is the company based?
 My cellphone’s brand name is Samsung Galaxy Grand Prime which were made in
Vietnam, the company based of Samsung is headquartered in town Seoul.
 My Laptop’s brand name is Acer Aspire ES 14, it’s company based is in Hsinchu
City, Taiwan.
 My headphone’s brand name is HP, it’s company based is in Palo, Alto Caliifornia.
 My earphone’s brand name is Awei, it was made where the company based is, which
is China.
 My Bluetooth speaker brand name is just a freebies of my sister’s smartphone Vivo,
it’s company based is in Dongguan, Gongdong province, China.

d. How did you access these music? Did you purchase them online or listen to them through
YouTube, Spotify, and other music channels?
 I listened to these music at first at YouTube and began to love it and till I find my
way on how I could add it on my playlist through downloading it.

2. Using visual representation, create your generalizations and discuss: What is Globalization? How
would you define globalization?
  Globalization is a widely discussed topic, it is therefore, not all that easy to explain as
it’s such a complicated term in simple words. So, let’s start from its background where
globalization is advances in technology such as mobile phones, airplanes, telephones
and the internet have made the growth of transportation and communication
networks possible. Among other things, this means that people and countries can
exchange information and goods more quickly and in a less complicated way. This
process is now called globalization.
Globalization comes from “globe’ and means that worldwide coming of countries
and nations. However, not only does on exchange of products and economics goods
take place but also of services, knowledge, cultural goods, and even languages. All of
these individual elements are closely linked and influence each other. But, where
there is light, there is also a shadow. Because of globalization and its intense exchange
of goods, people, and the environment often suffers. If a company decides to move
production to an economically disadvantaged country, people in industrialized
countries lose their jobs. At the same time, job opportunities open up to many locals
in the economically disadvantaged countries. Many people in these countries work
for very little money in comparison to those industrialized countries. Therefore, they
often remain poor and more often not to have sufficient insurance, social insurance,
or health insurance cover. A further disadvantage of globalization is ecological
problem such as climate change. The use of airplanes, ships, and lorries to transport
goods over international borders is constantly on the increase. This causes more
carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere which, in turn, the main cause of
global warming. Even national environment standards are ignored. This is a further
cost factors in the worldwide international site competition which should be kept as
low as possible to be attractive for a company.
There are therefore, many sides of globalization which affect almost all aspects of life
causing me to think that the chain of positive and negative effects will continue to
grow further. What’s important is to believe that globalization itself is neither good
nor bad. It’s just depend on how the people deal with all the new possibilities in the
future.

3. What metaphors are you going to use in order to improve your own definition of Globalization?
Enumerate at least three and explain one of them.
 Globalization has been represented and articulated in a diversity of contexts, with
different implications for culture, economics and politics. Given the
interconnectedness wrought by a vast array of global processes, particularly
 telecommunications, many describe the new dynamics of globalization as generating
a ‘global village’ to represent an inclusive and cosmopolitan global society. Metaphors
are a crucial dimension of ‘discursive dimensions’ of globalization. Thus, although
not reducible to metaphors, globalization exists through metaphors. The metaphors
that I am going to use in order to improve my own definition of globalization are
mirror, magician, and mutiny. The mirror relates to making sense of reality, it stands
for reflection. The mirror has occupied human minds for probably as long as
humans have inhabited the earth. Over time, man-made mirrors complemented
reflections in lakes and rivers. Poets and philosophers added to commonsensical
understandings of the mirror. Three views have been particularly influential. First, It
perfectly reflects what really is. In our everyday bathroom routines, for instance, we
take for granted that the mirror shows what we look like. Second, the mirror always
perfectly reflected the truth, it reaches far underneath the surface, according to this
understanding, the mirror does not merely tell the obvious, namely, observable truth,
but tells much about the usually hidden inner Self of a person. Third, the mirror lies.
In the Middle Ages, mirrors were sometimes seen as prone to manipulation. What
was to be seen was entirely in the eyes of the beholder. Or worse still, some preachers
equated the mirror with witchcraft and saw it as a tool of the devil. The possession of
a mirror could lead to lifetime incarceration. The tensions between these three views
of the mirror are important for the study of metaphors of globalization. Metaphors
are omnipresent in the debate about what globalization is. It is not very likely that this
will change. Being a novel and evolving phenomenon, scholars have often claimed
that we lack an appropriate vocabulary to make sense of it. Metaphors are seen as
key part of such a new vocabulary. But we need to be clear about what this vocabulary
can accomplish

“Things that are imported and introduced by Foreigners to the Philippines”

 .

“Things that are imported in the Philippines introduced by Foreigner”

ELECTRICAL MACHINERY MINERAL FUELS INCLUDING OIL

MEDICAL APPARATUS AIRCRAFT & SPACECRAFT