Review of Related Literature

Titles of Relates Main ideas/ Year of study; Complete Remarks

works or studies arguments/ claims location; sample bibliographical
size, and entry
selection; data
collection
methods; main
findings
1. Investigating Mobile phones YH Chiang – 2017; Yi-Hsuan Chiang,
predictors of have become the researchgate.net; Ph.D,
smartphone most prevalent This study Assistant
dependency communication investigates the Professor,
symptoms and devices which are relationships Department of
effects on academic utilized for between Radio, Television
performance, interpersonal predictors (ie, and Film,
improper phone use communication, personal traits School of
and perceived socialization, and and mobile Journalism and
sociability professional tasks. activities) of Communication,
According to smartphone Shih Hsin
International dependency and University,
Telecommunication its impacts on Taiwan
Union’s report improper phone Smartphone
(2014), global use, academic Dependency
mobile-cellular performance and Predictors and
penetration rate perceived Effects
reaches 96% in sociability. Using , 2017
2014 and the Asia- a stratified
Pacific region leads sampling method,
the growth. With a web survey.
3G/4G network
advancements,
affordable
smartphones which
integrate feature
phones'
communication
functions, mobile
internet, and
mobile applications
diffuse rapidly in
recent years.
Industry reports
forecast that nearly
63% of all mobile
phone users
globally will own a
smartphone by
 2020 (GSMA
Intelligence, 2015).
Among various
demographics,
youths and teens
lead the growth of
smartphone
ownership
worldwide
(Ericsson, 2014;
Nielsen Newswire,
2012). However,
the increasing
significance of
smartphone
activities among
the youth are likely
to result to a high
degree of
dependency.
2. A Review on the Recent 2 Issue 4, April – Lusekelo K.
Impact of developments in 2015; The Journal of
Smartphones on mobile methodology Multidisciplinary
Academic technologies have adopted by this Engineering
Performance of produced a new study was Science and
Students in Higher kind of device: a ‘Internet Search’. Technology
Learning Institutions programmable The study (JMEST) ISSN:
in Tanzania mobile phone, the consulted 3159-0040 Vol. 2
smartphone. The different Issue 4, April -
smart phone sources on the 2015
represents the Internet to
current pinnacle of establish
mobile phone evidence and
development, facts about the
coupling phone claimed issues.
capabilities with Where possible
the additional the websites of
functionalities of a the specific
PDA. In this resource were
convergence visited.
between phone
and handheld
computer, the
phone has the
dominant genes
—
smart phones
generally look
 more like phones
than PDAs.
3. The impact of Smartphones are Nov 8, 2018 - Ifeanyi, I. P., &
using smartphones equipped with This study Chukwuere, J. E.
on the academic multimedia phone deployed a (2018). The
performance of features, which quantitative impact of using
undergraduate include camera research method smartphones on
students function, sound using the academic
recording function, questionnaires to performance of
video function and collect data from undergraduate
many others. These undergraduate students.
features assist students at the Knowledge
students to drive NWU (Mahikeng Management &
their learning Campus). A E-Learning, 10(3),
process and random sampling 290–308.
dreams effectively. technique was
used in selecting
participants
across all faculties
of the Campus.
4. The Relationship The 21st century 2017 (Volume 5 - Siew F. N., Nor
Between has seen Issue 4 ); Syamimi I. C. H. ,
Smartphone technology use This study utilized Nor H. M. N. ,Nur
Use and Academic becoming an a quantitative Ain A. M.
Performance: A Case inevitable part of method and Malaysian Online
of Students in a life. Based on a employed a Journal of
Malaysian Tertiary Groupe correlational Educational
Institution Speciale Mobile research design. Technology 2017
Association (GSMA) It sought to (Volume 5 - Issue
(2015) report, half describe the 4
of the world’s selected
population has a demographic
mobile subscription characteristics
with smartphone and discover
adoption already relationships
reaching critical between
mass in developed smartphone
markets. usage
Smartphones are among
now undergraduate
responsible for 60% students in a
of Internet public university
connections in Malaysia and
around the world. their academic
performance.
5. The influence of The present study 19 September Yi, Y., You, S. and
smartphones on develops an 2016; Bae, B. (2016),
academic empirical model to The findings "The influence of
 performance assess the adoption highlight that the smartphones on
of smartphones TTF of academic
and its effect on smartphones has performance",
college students’ a direct influence Library Hi Tech,
academic on students’ Vol. 34 No. 3, pp.
performance. perceptions of 480-499.
Above all, the study performance
identifies a causal impact and an
relationship among indirect influence
TTF, precursor of on smartphone
utilization, use through a
smartphone use precursor of
and a perceived utilization, such
impact on as attitude
academic toward
performance based smartphone use,
on the social norms and
development and facilitating
validation of the conditions.
TTF constructs of
smartphones.

My review of related literature

Mobile phones have become the most prevalent communication devices which are utilized for
interpersonal communication, socialization, and professional tasks. According to International
Telecommunication Union’s report (2014), global mobile-cellular penetration rate reaches 96% in 2014
and the Asia-Pacific region leads the growth. With 3G/4G network advancements, affordable
smartphones which integrate feature phones' communication functions, mobile internet, and mobile
applications diffuse rapidly in recent years. Industry reports forecast that nearly 63% of all mobile phone
users globally will own a smartphone by 2020 (GSMA Intelligence, 2015). Among various demographics,
youths and teens lead the growth of smartphone ownership worldwide (Ericsson, 2014; Nielsen
Newswire, 2012). However, the increasing significance of smartphone activities among the youth are
likely to result to a high degree of dependency.

Recent developments in mobile technologies have produced a new kind of device: a programmable
mobile phone, the smartphone. The smart phone represents the current pinnacle of mobile phone
development, coupling phone capabilities with the additional functionalities of a PDA. In this
convergence between phone and handheld computer, the phone has the dominant genes.

Smart phones generally look more like phones than PDAs.Smartphones are equipped with multimedia
phone features, which include camera function, sound recording function, video function and many
others. These features assist students to drive their learning process and dreams effectively.
The 21st century has seen technology use becoming an inevitable part of life. Based on a
GroupeSpeciale Mobile Association (GSMA) (2015) report, half of the world’s population has a mobile
subscription with smartphone adoption already reaching critical mass in developed markets.
Smartphones are now responsible for 60% of Internet connections around the world.
The present study develops an empirical model to assess the adoption of smartphones and its effect on
college students’ academic performance. Above all, the study identifies a causal relationship among TTF,
precursor of utilization, smartphone use and a perceived impact on academic performance based on the
development and validation of the TTF constructs of smartphones.