4.

0 Experimental Procedure

4.0.1 Start-Up Procedure

1. All the temperature sensors were checked to be in ambient state.

2. The heater was checked whether it was properly installed and in good condition.
3. The equipment was powered-up by connecting the electrical plug to the nearest electrical
power supply and the main switch on the control panel was switched ‘ON’.
4. Hence, the equipment was ready to use.

4.0.2 Ambient Air Temperature Measurement

1. The Bi-Metal Thermometer was taken out and a metal rod at the end of the indictor will be
revealed through close inspection. Temperature measurement was achieved by transferring
heat to the metal rod.
2. The Type K thermocouple was taken out. The blue and yellow plugs were connected to the
corresponding sockets of the Type K thermocouple temperature indicator. The thermocouple
was placed on the baseboard and allowed the readings to stabilize at the ambient air
temperature. The temperature indicated on the temperature indicator was read.
3. The resistance temperature detector (RTD) was taken out. RTD plugs were connected to
the corresponding sockets of the RTD temperature indicator. The RTD was placed on the
baseboard and allowed the readings to stabilize at the ambient air temperature. The indicated
temperature on the RTD temperature indicator was read.
4. The vapour pressure thermometer was taken out. The thermometer was placed on the
baseboard and allowed the readings to stabilize at the ambient air temperature. The indicated
temperature on the indicator was read.

4.0.3 Ice Point Temperature Measurement

1. The vacuum flask half filled with a mixture of crushed ice and pure water.
2. The Bi-Metal thermometer metal rod was inserted into the water ice mixture. The mixture
was stirred gently to ensure intimate contact with the mixture. The reading on the Bi-Metallic
temperature indicator was carefully observed and recorded.
3. The thermocouple probe was inserted into the water-ice mixture. The mixture was stirred
gently to ensure intimate contact with the mixture. The reading on the thermocouple
temperature indicator was carefully observed and recorded.
4. The RTD probe was inserted into the water ice-mixture. The mixture was stirred gently to
ensure intimate contact with the mixture. The reading on the RTD temperature indicator was
carefully observed and recorded.
5. The metal rod of the vapour pressure indicator was inserted into the water-ice mixture. The
mixture was stirred gently to ensure intimate contact with the mixture. The reading on the
indicator was carefully observed and recorded.

4.0.4 Boiling -Point Temperature Measurement

1. The water jug was filled with clean water and the power cord was connected.
2. The water jug was switched ‘ON’. Waited until the water is boiled.
3. The metal rod of the Bi-Metallic thermometer was inserted into the boiling water. The
reading on the temperature was observed carefully and recorded.
4. The thermocouple probe was inserted into the boiling water. The reading on the
temperature indicator was observed carefully and recorded.
5. The metal od of the vapour pressure indicator was inserted in to the boiling water. The
reading on the thermometer was observed carefully and recorded.

4.0.5 Shutdown Procedure

1. Once the temperature measurement was completed, all the sensor plugs were pulled out.
2. Main power of the water heater was switched ‘OFF’ and all the water used was removed.
3. The equipment was cleaned up with dry cloth and restored in initial condition.
5.0 Data and Result

5.0.1 Ice-Point Temperature

Table 1.0 Ice-Point Temperature data.

Time, t(s) Temperature, T(˚C)

Bi-Metal Vapour Pressure RTD Type K

Thermometer Thermometer

TA 24 23 25.4 27.3

2 20 21 15.5 23.4

4 18 19 11 14.5

6 16 15 5 9.8

8 14 10 1.5 6

10 12 8 1.5 4.5

12 10 0 1.5 4.5

14 8 0 1.5 4.5

16 6 0 1.5 4.5

18 4 0 1.5 4.5

20 4 0 1.5 4.5

22 4 0 1.5 4.5

24 4 0 1.5 4.5

26 4 0 1.5 4.5

28 4 0 1.5 4.5

30 4 0 1.5 4.5
 Temperature (˚C) vs Time (s) [Cooling Point]
30

25
Temperature (˚C)

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (s)

Vapour Pressure Cooling Bi-Metal Cooling RTD Type K Cooling

Graph 1.0 Temperature (˚C) vs Time (s) Boiling Point Graph

5.0 Boiling Point Measurement

Table 2.0 Boiling Point Temperature data.

Time, t(s) Temperature, T(˚C)

Bi-Metal Vapour Pressure RTD Type K

Thermometer Thermometer

TA 24 23 25.4 27.3

2 28 28 33.6 37.2

4 32 28 54.9 64.7

6 68 80 69 78.4

8 74 82 82 81.6

10 80 85 87.2 85.2

12 82 88 92.2 89.9

14 84 90 94.3 95.1

16 86 92 100 95.1

18 88 93 100 95.1

20 90 94 100 95.1

22 92 95 100 95.1

24 94 96 100 95.1

26 94 97 100 95.1

28 94 97 100 95.1

30 94 97 100 95.1
 Temperature (˚C) vs Time (s) [Boiling Point]
120

100
Temperature (˚C)

80

60

40

20

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
Time (s)

Vapour Pressure Cooling Bi-Metal Cooling RTD Type K Cooling

Graph 2.0 Temperature (˚C) vs Time (s) Boiling Point Graph

6.0 QUESTIONS

6.1 The temperature differs among the measurement devices because each device has
different system to read the temperature of the fluid.
6.2 Vapour Pressure Thermometer gave out the fastest response during the temperature
difference
6.3
a) T (˚C) + 273K
i. 347K, 485K, 216K, 283K, 1273K.
b) 9/5 (K-273) + 32
ii. -2.2 ˚F, -500.8 ˚F, -279.4˚F, 1269 ˚F, 1340 ˚F
c) water standard boiling temperature
iii. 100˚C, 373˚C, 212˚C

6.4 The vapour pressure thermometer has the fastest heat conductance compared to other
devises because if more bulb area is exposed to the fluid the faster the response in
temperature different. Meanwhile, the RTD absorbs the most amount of heat compared to all
other devices. Therefore, a vapour pressure thermometer can be used in industry which need
to detect quick temperature changes. Meanwhile, RTD can be used in industry which need to
detect the accurate amount of temperature.
7.0 DISCUSSION

By comparing the result for both boiling point and ice point measurement, it shows that the
vapour pressure thermometer absorbs heat quicker compared to other devises. This is because
the vapour pressure thermometer has bigger bulb area (2.66cm2) that is exposed to the fluid
compared to Type K (0.28cm2) and RTD (11.38cm2). Although Bi-Metal thermometer has a
bigger bulb area (3.27cm2) compared to vapour pressure, Bi- Metal temperature has
bimetallic strips which needs to expand to meet its heat transfer from the surrounding
temperature. At the 6th second of the boiling measurement experiment the vapour pressure
thermometer reads a value of 80˚C, Bi-Metal thermometer 68˚C, Type K 78.4˚C and the RTD
read a value of 69˚C. From this we could say that the vapour pressure thermometer detects
change in temperature faster compared to other devices.

8.0 Conclusion
According to the experiment that been conducted for ice-point and boiling measurement, we
can conclude that the vapour pressure thermometer detects the change in temperature faster
compared to other devices and RTD detects a wide range of temperature change.

9.0 References
1. https://circuitglobe.com/bimetallic-thermometer.html
2. http://instengram.tripod.com/temp1.html
3. https://web.mst.edu/~cottrell/ME240/Resources/Temperature/Temperature.pdf
4. http://winters.com/selecting-a-thermometer/