INFANTA NA TIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

Ruanto St., Pob. 38, Infanta, Quezon

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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGOUND

Filipinos are known to be competitive in the international community. However, the

past education system hinders individual from becoming even more competitive (Abueva,

2018).

One of the greatest reforms in the Philippine Educational System today is the

implementation of the K to 12 program. The new program was patterned from the K – 6

- 4 - 2 Model. This means that basic education involves kindergarten, six years of

elementary education (Grades 1 - 6) four years of junior high school (Grades 7 - 10) and

two years of senior high school (Grades 11 - 12) (Daquioag, 2012).

Before, the Philippines was one of only the three countries in the world and the only

one in Asia that still had only 10 years in basic education. This has always been seen as a

disadvantage for every student who are competing in an increasingly global job market

(Uyquiengco, n.d.).

Restructuring the Philippines basic educational system through the K to 12 Program is

a tough but strategic move by the government to ensure that it produces competent

graduates who can serve as the backbone for a highly skilled and employable work force

(Barlongo, 2015).
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Ruanto St., Pob. 38, Infanta, Quezon

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K+12 aims to raise the country’s basic education course to world standards and

produce high school graduates ready to be employed even without a college degree

(Quismundo, 2012).

In contrary, in the study of Montemayor (2018), according to Secretary Leonor

Magtolis Briones has reiterated that the main objective of the K to 12 is not provide

immediate jobs for its graduates. Some reports said that the program is a failure because

most senior high school (SHS) graduates did not land jobs after graduation due to skills-

job mismatch.

Bermudez (2018) continuously explained the real objective of the k to 12 program

which is to be able to cope in own country so that individuals can equip the learners with

appropriate skills, creativity, and intelligence to cope with the changing world, said by

Briones.

According to study conducted by Allen (2007) higher education offers graduates

more jobs to choose from than are open to those who do not pursue education beyond

high school, and graduates typically earn more than non-graduates. Higher education

improves an individual's quality of life. Higher education, theoretically, will also enable

individuals to expand their knowledge and skills, express their thoughts and increase

their understanding of the world and their community.

The objectives of this study are first, to determine whether k to 12 program affects

career choices of the students. Clarifying their career goals can help them to provide
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Ruanto St., Pob. 38, Infanta, Quezon

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direction and focuses their attention to attain their goals but there are things that can

affect their decision like k to 12 program. Second, to examine how k to 12 program prepare

students in their career choice. Most of the parents do not agree to the implementation of

k to 12 program, they do not know how this program prepare every student in college that

can benefit them to access higher paying and more prestigious career if they complete

college degree. Third, to identify importance of k to 12 program in building the skills of

every student. One of the objectives of k to 12 program is to produce graduates who are

fully equipped with knowledge and skill. Many students have difficulty in making a career

choice. Due to the wrong choice of course taken by most of the students brought about by

unguided decision making in choosing course. This is the reason why the government

implemented k to 12 program education system.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Ruanto St., Pob. 38, Infanta, Quezon

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Background of the Study

This study focused on the influence of k to 12 Program to the Career Choice of the

Students of Infanta National High School. According to Villena (2018) the Department of

Education (DepEd) implemented K to 12 Program to become a Career Guidance Program

(CGP) to help SHS students in making informed choices regarding their future career path

their dreams through the different SHS tracks.

There has been a lot of talk lately about whether or not it is worth it getting a four-year

college degree but according to Slide (n. d.) there are many important reasons to consider

in going college.

Before, a good job without a college degree is not possible, but that is changing a bit.

Some companies offer apprenticeships, and some professions favor work experience

much more than degree (Skyler, 2018). Due to this, many graduates decided their career

to work immediately rather than continuing their college.

The additional two years in high school will help students determine and prepare better

for their career path whether they choose the path of higher education, employment, or

entrepreneurship. Senior high does not guarantee immediate employment after

graduation, but it does open up a lot of opportunities through its enhanced education

curriculum (De Guzman, 2017).

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Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the influence of k to 12 program to the career choice of

Senior High School students of Infanta National High School.

1. How does k to 12 program affect the career preferences of the students?

2. How does k to 12 education prepare students in college?

3. What is the relevance of k to 12 program in building the students skills which are

needed for the course they want to take in college?

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Scope and limitations of the Study

This study focuses on the influence of k to 12 program to the career choice of

students of Infanta National High School. This study was limited to the senior high school

students of Infanta National High School at Brgy. Pob.1, Infanta, Quezon specifically

consist of eight section (ABM 1, STEM, COOKERY, EPAS, EIM, GAS 1, GAS 2, HUMMS

3). Each section will have 5 participants in order to obtain an unbiased information.

The reasons why the researchers came up with this study is to investigate the outcome of

career choice of students after implementing the K-12 program.

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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Ruanto St., Pob. 38, Infanta, Quezon

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Significance of the Study

This study focused on the influence of K to 12 program to the career choices of the

students of Infanta National High School. It is significant to the following:

Students. This study will make them aware to the possible effects on their

perception as well as preferences to their careers after graduating from senior high school.

They will be aware how the education system will affect their future prospects for careers

and work.

Parents. This study will have enlightened their perception to the effects of k to 12

program to their children. They will realize that they should provide time to guide their

child in every decision or choice that they will make regarding to their future career path.

Career related problems due of either career indecision or wrong decision that may occur

to their children will be able to prevent immediately through this study. Lastly, the

parents will be informed how k to 12 program gives the students enough time to master a

field and enhance their skills.

Researchers.

Future Researchers. This study would help the future researchers to be aware and

knowledgeable. It would help them to be a better analyst and it can be a help as a future

reference and guide in conducting the same topic.

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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Career - it refers to the job or profession.

Career Choice - choosing the profession they want to pursue in future or making a

career switch. It is important for individuals to find out what are their interest and

ambition.

Choice - it is the act of deciding between two or more possibilities.

Education - the knowledge, understanding and skill that may get from attending school.

Education System - comprises everything that goes into educating public school

student such as laws, rules and regulation.

Influence - the power to change or affect decision of the students on their career choice.

K to 12 Program - is the new education system (from kinder to grade 12) that influence

the career choice of every student.

Senior High School - refers to Grades 11 and 12, the last two years of the K-12 program

that DepEd has been implementing since 2012. Students begin to study in SHS the

subjects that will introduce them to their preferred career path.

Senior High School Students - students who attend the last two years of high school

which is grade 11 and grade 12.

Skills - the ability of individual to do something.

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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

` This chapter discusses the different studies related to the topic chosen by the

researchers. Thematic is the strategy used for easy organization of the ideas and

presentation of the information. The researcher discussed the following in this chapter:

K to 12 program, Higher Education and Career Choice.

K to 12 Program

A recent change in the Philippines educational system was implemented starting in

2011. The K-12 curriculum was signed into law back in 2013, adding three years to the

country’s basic education curriculum. The K to 12 curriculum gives students time to

master basic academic skills (Uyquiengco, n.d.).

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education; students

may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity. The choice

of career track will define the content of the subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and

12. SHS subjects fall under either the Core Curriculum or specific Tracks (Official Gazette,

2012). Senior High School (SHS) covers the last two years of the K to 12 program and

includes Grades 11 and 12. In SHS, students will go through a core curriculum and

subjects under a track of their choice (http://k12philippines.com/, n.d). The K to 12

Program covers Kindergarten and 12 years of basic education (six years of primary

education, four years of Junior High School, and two years of Senior High School [SHS])
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to provide sufficient time for mastery of concepts and skills, develop lifelong learners, and

prepare graduates for tertiary education, middle-level skills development, employment,

and entrepreneur ship. Each student in Senior High School can choose among three

tracks: Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic

track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business Management (ABM); Humanities

and Social Sciences (HUMSS); and Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics

(STEM). Students undergo immersion, which may Include earn-while-you-learn

opportunities, to provide them relevant exposure and actual experience in their chosen

track (Official Gazette, 2012).

According to Villena (2017) each SHS student must choose one track to master,

and base his or her choice on how he or she wants to advance after completing high school,

or Grade 12. Career-assessment and aptitude tests and an occupational-interest

inventory, on the other hand, will show the students strengths and interests. Career-

advocacy programs will also help and guide students in choosing the right track for

themselves. Since the contents of the subjects that the students will take in Grades 11 and

12 depend on their chosen career track, they must take extra care in making their choice.

Moreover, according to Long (2011) K to 12 has a different tracks the students were guided

according to their interests. The expectation is the students will now be having their

knowledge and skills that they learned in senior high that would really ready them to

proceed to college.
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Furthemore, according to Tinio and Castro (n.d.) the government’s K to 12 Commented [D1]:

program does not solve the rising number of unemployment in the country instead it was

only pushes the youth to become skilled laborers working cheap for foreign companies

instead of educating them to become professionals that would help build national

industries.

Additionally, Montemayor ( ) stressed that SHS students are given better options

and opportunities to improve their education and quality of life.

HIGHER EDUCATION

According to Hudak (2017) most people have to sit down and decide whether

college is worth it for them. There can also be many positive effects of attending college.

Having a college degree can lead to many great opportunities in life. Many jobs require

some kind of a college degree so if he/she has a college degree an employer is more likely

to hire the person with a degree rather than the person without a degree.

Regardless of the type of school, some common triggers may lead to students

dropping studies at higher education. These may be individual issues or a mix of problems

like financial problem. If they are not addressed adequately by campus management, it

will lead to a significant decrease in student retention (Sagenmüller, 2018)

When students go to college, they will gain information and skills that they can use

for the rest of their life. That is the reason enough to pursue an education beyond high

school, but here are more practical considerations. Some benefits of extracurricular
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activities are; have more job opportunities, earn more money, expand the knowledge base

and increase the potential. Getting a college education is an investment that will pay back

for a lifetime. People with a college education have better job opportunities, earn more

money, and develop skills that can never be taken away (Why Go, n.d.).

CAREER CHOICE

A number of factors influence career choices in people, and this is documented in

literature. Both personal and external factors have been seen to play a role. The complex

interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic factors and their influence on career decision making

(Bandura et al., n.d.). Several studies have focused on specific aspects of career decision

taking and various combinations of factors that influence career decision making.

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education;

students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school capacity.

The choice of career track will define the content of the subjects a student will take in

Grades 11 and 12. SHS subjects fall under either the Core Curriculum or specific Tracks

(Official Gazette, 2012).

to discuss the different senior high tracks with students so they understand them fully.

Afterwards, we want to introduce them to a range of schools that offer these tracks. We

want to offer them choices so they find the best fit for themselves (Right k-12, 2017)

Self-concept is the key to specialization selection. Students tend to choose jobs that

are compatible with their personality. In the study of Siguan Jr., (1994) as cited in
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Sonsona (2012) self-concept was also found significant on the choice of specialization of

students. Another is Hollands theory of career choice suggested that people can function

and develop best and find jobs satisfaction in work environments that are compatible with

their personalities. People tend to choose a career that is reflective of their personality.
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SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Ruanto St., Pob. 38, Infanta, Quezon

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter discusses the methods of unstructured questionnaire, research locale and

sample, sampling procedure, data-gathering instrument (survey questionnaire), data-

gathering procedure.

RESEARCH DESIGN

The researcher used a descriptive method as a research design. According to Basheti

(2014) descriptive research is used to describe the characteristics of a population without

answering the questions about how, when or why the characteristics occurred. It involves

lots of statistical analysis. He further discussed that descriptive statistics analysis data to

describe, show and summarize it in a meaningful way offering a window through which

raw data can be glimpsed and comprehended clearly by different researchers.

Correspondingly, (Bickman & Rog, 2014) explained that descriptive research, we still do

stats analyses to answer questions such as what is or what was. But experimental research

answer why or how. Moreover, descriptive research design is a scientific method which

involves observing and describing the behavior of a subject without influencing it in any

way.

Research Locale and Sample

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This study was conducted at Infanta National High School, located at Pob. 1, Ruanto

Street,Infanta, Quezon which is 3.8 kilometer away from the town proper of Infanta,

Quezon.

The Municipality of Infanta is a 1st class municipality in the province of Quezon,

Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 69,079 people.It has a

land area of 130.1 km², representing 1.5% of the area of Quezon. It is located 144

kilometres (89 mi) north-east of Manila, and 136 kilometres (85 mi) north of Lucena City.

It is accessible to Metro Manila through the Marikina Infanta Highway. It is lying along

the coast of the Pacific Ocean facing the island municipalities of Polillio. It straddles a

portion of the Sierra Madre Mountains.

It is situated on the northern part of Quezon Province. It is one of the 13 municipalities

comprising the first congressional district. It is bounded on the north and northwest by

General Nakar, on the east and southeast by Polillo Strait and Lamon Bay, on the south

by Real and on the west by the provinces of Rizal and Laguna. The global position of

Infanta is latitude 14°44'33"N and longtitude 121°38'58" and it is located 144 kilometres

(89 mi) northeast of Manila, and 136 kilometres (85 mi) north of Lucena City. Infanta is

politically subdivided into 36 barangays: 7 urban and 29 rural.

Moreover, Infanta National High School is a public school offering Senior High.It is

founded on January 1, 1947. The vision of the school is with the aid of Divine providence

and guided by the DECS goals and policies, Infanta National High School envisions to
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produce Filipino youths who shall become world class intellectuals and workers,

obedient, productive, patriotic and GOD fearing citizens of the own country and the

world. While its mission is the school leads all high school age youths of Infanta and

neighboring municipalities including the minorities and the handicapped to avail of

quality secondary education in preparation for their future by equipping them with

knowledge, habits, skills and attitudes necessary for an active fruitful and successful

participation in the affairs of the community.

Infanta National High School offers the following strands: STEM, ABM, HUMMS,

GAS, Cookery, EIM and EPAS.

The respondents in the study was consisted of the senior high school grade 11 students

only during the school year 2018 - 2019. It was composed of eight sections of ABM 1,

STEM, COOKERY, EPAS, EIM, GAS 1, GAS 2 and HUMMS 3.

Sampling Procedure

Sampling is a process or technique of choosing a sub-group from a population to

participate in the study; it is the process of selecting a number of individuals for a study

in such a way that the individuals selected represent the large group from which they were

selected (Ogula, 2005). This study used a purposive or judgmental sampling.

According to Baraceros the jugemental sampling choose people whom you are sure

that could respond to the objective of your study.

DATA-GATHERING INSTRUMENT
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Questionnaire. The instruments used is questionnaire to examine the influence

of k to 12 program to the career choice of Grade 11 students. This shall be used to

collectively describe the influence of k to 12 program to the career choice of grade 11

students after graduating senior high school.

DATA-GATHERING PROCEDURE

The necessary data needed for the study were gathered, first, the researchers sought

permission from the office of the principal of Infanta National High School through a

letter to conduct collection of information from the senior high school students. With the

approval of the principal, the researcher administered the questionnaire to the grade 11

students. The purpose and contents were read and explained to the respondents for them

to understand the statements given under each variable clearly. Then the researcher

ensured that the respondents had enough time to answer the questionnaire. The

questionnaires were retrieved right after the students finished answering. After which,

the data were interpreted and analyzed.

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CHAPTER IV

Presentation Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter describes the analysis of data followed by the discussion of the

research findings. The findings relate to the research questions that guided the study.

Data were analyzed to identify the influence of k to 12 program to the career choices of k

to 12 program. Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaire.

How does k to 12 program affect the career preferences of the students?

The answers of the respondents are the k to 12 program serve as their field where they

are tested if they will survive the dynamics of college years. They also said that k to 12

makes them realize what choice they will really want to pursue and if it suited to their

personality and skills. It makes them more clear and secure in terms of choosing the right

path.

According to Dayao and Almario (2012) the choice of a course to enter in college is one

of the major decisions faced by students which is an important element of their learning

process. The course selection decision will most likely define their future success.

How does k to 12 education prepare students in college?

The respondent’s answered that k to 12 prepare them in college in a way that it

helps them to understand and developed their skills that will give them more confident to

go in college. It also gives them enough knowledge before college because they will learn

the basics before learning the things that are more complicated. K to 12 is a way to avoid
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Ruanto St., Pob. 38, Infanta, Quezon

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shock on the tertiary education and learn basic things so that they will not find it hard to

adjust and adapt.

According to Montemayor (2018) SHS students are given better options and

opportunities to improve their education and quality of life. Furthermore, the K to 12

curriculum gives students time to master basic academic skills. Hence, they will be more

equipped to deal with much higher level of learning as they enter college education

(Uyquiengco, n.d.).

What is the relevance of k to 12 program in building the students skills which

are needed for the course they want to take in college?

The answer of the respondents is the k to 12 program let them try to experience the

basics of their career choices and others careers that are closely related to it. It gives them

idea to the things that they will do in college. Additionally, they said that K to 12 designed

to prepare and help them cope with the college teaching system because the curriculum

of k to 12 is the same to curriculum of college. And the k to 12 has a different strand with

specialization that will make them focus and learned in the field or career that they will

pursue.

According to Siguan Jr. (1994) as cited in Sonsona (2012) self-concept is the key to

specialization selection. Students tend to choose jobs that are compatible with their

personality. Career choice suggested that people can function and develop best and find

jobs satisfaction in work environments that are compatible with their personalities.

People tend to choose a career that is reflective of their personality.

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Moreover, according to Villena (2017) each SHS student must choose one track

to master, and base his or her choice on how he or she wants to advance after completing

high school, or Grade 12. Through k to 12 program students will show their strengths and

interests
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CHAPTER V

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

SUMMARY

How does k to 12 program affect the career preferences of the students?

Respondents think that k to 12 serve as their starter pack for college where they

give them enough time to decide what the career they want to pursue. K to 12 gives them

opportunity to realize what course will be suited to their skills and personality before

stepping in college.

How does k to 12 education prepare students in college?

K to 12 gives them basic knowledge about the field that they are going to pursue in

college. By the strand they take the students will know what would they face in college. It

gives them an advance learning on the things that the students will also study in college

days.

What is the relevance of k to 12 program in building the students skills which

are needed for the course they want to take in college?

For them to 12 program makes their skills elevate which are needed in their strand

that they can apply in the course they want to take. It can enhance their skills depending

of what they have been learned. K to 12 also prepared for the possible teachings in college

days and make them more productive.

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CONCLUSSIONS

1. The k to 12 program has an impact to the student’s career choice.

2. K to 12 program gives them enough time and knowledge before continuing in

college.

3. In developing the skills of every student needed in college, k to 12 is very helpful

in this part.

4. The new curriculum makes the students realized what career they will really want

to pursue.

5. Most of the respondents choose their track based on the course they will take in

college.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The influence of this new curriculum should be in good way. Parents should

guide their children in making a career choice.

2. The knowledge that the students will gain in k to 12 program should be

remembered and applied in college days.

3. The skills that has been developed in k to 12 program should be helpful to their

career they want to pursue.

4. The new program should make the students not only a few but all of the students

realize their career preference.

5. The student choice should be based on their own interest and not by others.
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APPENDICES
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Appendix A – QUESTIONNAIRE

Name: m

Age: j

Strand: l

Direction: Answer the following questions as honestly as possible.

1. How does K to 12 program influence your career choice when you go to college?
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2. How does K to 12 program give you enough time and knowledge before stepping in

college?

3. What is the relevance of K to 12 program in developing/enhancing your skills needed

when you go to college?

Appendix B – PERMISSION LETTER

February 27, 2019

RENE L. PORTADES

Principal IV

Dear Sir Portades:

Greetings of peace!
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The undersigned are Grade 11 Accountancy and Business Management (ABM)

students of Infanta National High School. We are currently working on our research

entitled “The Influence of K to 12 Program to the Career Choice of Grade 11 Students of

Infanta National High School” as part of the requirements in the subject Practical

Research 1. Moreover, the respondents of this study are the students in your school.

In connection with this, we are seeking your permission and approval to conduct the data

gathering to the respondents mentioned above. Rest assure that the information gathered

will be treated confidentially. The researchers guarantee that the data will be used for

research purposes only.

Your favorable response for this request will be highly appreciated.

Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully yours,

Christine Jhoy Fernandez, Wendie Garcia, Maris Angelyn Miras, Trixie Camille Torres

and Reycel Avellano

February 27, 2019

Dear Respondent:
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Good day!

The undersigned are Grade 11 Accountancy and Business Management (ABM)

students of Infanta National High School. We are currently working on our research

entitled “The Influence of K to 12 Program to the Career Choice of Grade 11 Students of

Imfanta National High School” as partial requirements in the subject Practical

Research. As part of it, you are selected to be the respondent of our study.

In connection with this, we are asking your assistance to answer the given questions as

honestly as possible. Rest assured that your answers will be treated with confidentiality

and the data gathered will be used for research purposes only.

Thank you and God bless.

Respectfully yours,

Christine Jhoy Fernandez

Wendie Garcia

Maris Angelyn Miras

Camille Torres

Reycel Avellano
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