BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE SANTA ROSA INC.

Rizal BLVD. Brgy, Balibago, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This part of the study discusses the interrelated literature from local and

foreign studies regarding the K-12 curriculum implemented in the Philippines on

May 15, 2013. This part is divided into four topics that refer to the essential parts

we need to understand and recognize for us to help us widen our view of the

given curriculum.

The first topic talks about the common problems of the Philippine

educational system that we have faced until now that affects the quality of

education that our young Filipino students get while the second topic shows an

overview of the impact and changes of the K-12 program on our education

system since it was implemented. Furthermore, the third topic will identify the

advantages of the given curriculum and what are the positive responses of the

mass regarding it. Lastly, the fourth topic shows the issues and the growing

dissatisfaction with the K-12 program, as the years go by, there is growing

disapproval from the people who are affected by the curriculum, hence, we will

identify every component of it for us to effectively conduct the study.

Common Problems of the Philippine Educational System

 BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE SANTA ROSA INC.
Rizal BLVD. Brgy, Balibago, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

In the article ‘’The Philippines Basic Education Crisis, published by The

Diplomat and written by Mong Palatino (2023), Vice President Sara Duterte

confirmed on January 20, 2023, that there is a deterioration in the quality of

learning in the Philippines. It is due to a lack of academic proficiency, school

infrastructure, and resources to support the ideal teaching process. The

enormous amount of work that the teachers facing right now is also perceived in

the report of our Vice President. Due to the heavy workload of teachers, Vice

President Sara Duterte implemented "Matatag: Bansang Makabata, Batang

Makabansa" to reduce the workload by focusing on curriculum reform,

accelerated delivery of services, promoting the well-being of learners, and

providing greater support to teachers.

At the same time, the Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT) complained

about the prolonged closure of the schools during the peak of the pandemic, they

included the lack of plan and action of the government to improve the mentors

and the education system.’’It is the government who have failed the teachers and

our learners” (ACT, 2023). The group also censured the lack of specific action

plans, being silent about the pending proposals, and definite targets of the past

agency.

According to Child Hope Philippines (2021), one of the top factors that most

affected basic education is the financial problem. The education privilege is more

available to private schools compared to public schools. Some of the public

schools lack the equipment that is needed in order to bring better education

however due to a lack of resources the equipments have not been produced.
 BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE SANTA ROSA INC.
Rizal BLVD. Brgy, Balibago, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Considering the sudden events caused by the health crisis (Covid-19), Blended

learning was implemented in October 2022. This has brought another challenge

to our country, as it requires technologies to access learning modalities on the

internet. Due to a lack of financial resources, some of the students are unable to

enroll, not only the tuition fee is needed but also the technologies that they will be

using for their online classes.

The Impact of K-12 on Students

Research published by The Ascendens Asia Singapore –Bestlink College of

the Philippines Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts made by Gunot,

Mary Rose S. et.al. (2019) Their study wants to know the impact of the K-12

Program on senior high school students. The study resulted that the curriculum

affected their academic performance; the students who can perform time

management are likely to be less affected, by the quality of their education;

shows that the new curriculum gives them a higher quality of education, and the

improvement of skills and knowledge of the selected senior high school students.

As a result of their study, they suggest the government to encourage and guide

learners today to the new curriculum and clear the misconception about the given

curriculum.

In addition, research made by Cruz, Janah Franchesca A. (2018) at Nueva

Ecija University of Science and Technology (NEUST) shows the positive and

negative impact of the K-12 program on the students of Laboratory High School

of Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology. The study includes a

 BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE SANTA ROSA INC.
Rizal BLVD. Brgy, Balibago, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

population of 139 students consisting of grades 7-10. The positive impact on

student results such as the program helps them to prepare for college, improves

communication and social skills, and the ability to help their families financially

after graduating from the program. On the other hand, the negative impacts

result such as the need to study more subjects, negative effects on their mental

and physical health, pressures coming from the curriculum, financial problems,

and the lack of sufficient classrooms, libraries, toilets, and other facilities.

The Advantages of the K-12 Program

An article from Enderun Colleges (2020) Discusses the advantages that

Filipino learners can get from the K-12 program. The benefits include

preparedness for tertiary learning, readiness to join the workforce, skill

competency in the global job market, and opportunities for employment and

entrepreneurship. Preparedness for tertiary learning talks about the higher

education that the learners will acquire on the new curriculum that will help them

as they enter college. Readiness to join the workforce is about the set of skills

the learners acquire as they choose the strands they want to take. Skill

competency in the global job market explains the K-12 program offerings for

students that will help them to master the skills that will help them by the end of

the program, with these skills, they have more ability to become globally

competitive. Lastly, K-12 graduates have more opportunities for employment and

entrepreneurship. Many companies now accept K-12 graduates as long as they

 BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE SANTA ROSA INC.
Rizal BLVD. Brgy, Balibago, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

have the skills needed for the platform and they are also free to choose whether

they will continue their education or they will start to build their own business.

The Growing Dissatisfaction with the K-12 Program

As we talk about the advantages we can acquire from the program, there

are still factors that keep the public from growing a dissatisfied perspective about

the curriculum. An article published by the Philippine Institute for Development

Studies, written by Gatchalian, Win (2022) The survey conducted by Pulse Asia

shows that 44% of adults out of 1,200 participants are dissatisfied with the

program. One of the top reasons for dissatisfaction with the program is the

financial reason. Gachalian also said that It is clear that the mass is not satisfied

with the program because the program didn’t fulfill its objectives and it is just an

added burden to the parents and children. The program promised to boost the

employability of the K-12 graduates but only 20% of them enter labor while 70%

choose to continue their education, as reported by the Philippine Institute for

Development Studies (PIDS) in 2020. Additional data also shows that Filipino

youth aged from 15-24 have the lowest rate of Labor participation compared to

Vietnam which results in 70%. Eventually, the Chairman of the Senate

Committee on Basic Education, Arts, and Culture said that ‘’we must thoroughly

review the implementation of the program to ensure that it fulfills its purpose of

delivering quality education that results in promoting the competitiveness of our

youth’’.
 BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE SANTA ROSA INC.
Rizal BLVD. Brgy, Balibago, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

Synopsis

The Philippines still has a difficult time addressing the major problems of our

education system today. Furthermore, the current curriculum hopes to help our

current generation of learners to have more opportunities when it comes to the

field of work and entrepreneurship and to widen their skills and knowledge about

the strands they chose to take. However, there are still unwanted yet unavoidable

occurrences that result in a negative impact on the students, teachers, and

parents who are affected by the current program. Studies are made to show the

growing dissatisfaction through it that makes the mass to re-evaluate if the K-12

program does really help or if it is just a waste of time for the learners. There are

many factors that corollaries the negative effect of the given program such as

financial capacity, mental, and physical readiness of the learners and teachers,

and lack of facilities and materials to support the curriculum. This study intends to

know more about the K-12 program by knowing the perspectives of teachers

regarding it, hoping that we can acquire more ideas and knowledge whether is it

beneficiary or not at all.

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains various methodologies that were used in data

gathering and analysis which are important to the study. It categorically presents
 BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE SANTA ROSA INC.
Rizal BLVD. Brgy, Balibago, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

the research design, the participants of the study, the sampling procedure, the

instrument of the study, and the data collection procedure.

Research Design

The researchers employed a qualitative technique to learn about instructors'

attitudes toward the K-12 program at Blessed Chrisitan School de Sta. Rosa. As

stated by (Pathak, Jena, & Kalra, 2013) The qualitative method generates

non-numerical data to understand people's beliefs, experiences, attitudes,

behavior, and interactions. The researchers used phenomenology type of

qualitative research. This type of research lets us acquire the needed pieces of

information from the participants, specifically the teachers from Blessed Christian

School de Sta. Rosa. It focuses on the perceptions, perspectives, and

experiences of the participants that will be significant to our study.

Participants of the Study

Participants in this study were ten (10) teachers from Blessed Christians

School de Santa Rosa Inc.'s senior high schools and junior high schools. During

the school year 2022-2023, in Santa Rosa, Laguna. Participants were chosen

from the senior high school and junior high school departments by the

researchers. The following criteria were used to choose participants. (1)

Participants must have at least five years of teaching experience, and (2)

participants must have witnessed the improvements that occurred when the K-12
 BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE SANTA ROSA INC.
Rizal BLVD. Brgy, Balibago, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

curriculum was introduced. These participants will be the primary source of data

for our study in learning about instructors' impressions of the K-12 program.

Sampling Design

The participants in this study are experienced K-12 Teachers from Blessed

Christian School in the city of Santa Rosa Laguna, with a total of ten responses.

Purposive sampling was the researcher's sample design. Purposive sampling, as

defined by Crossman (2020), is a non-probability sampling method in which

participants are picked based on a specified criterion linked to the research

subject. This strategy is commonly employed in qualitative research studies

because it helps researchers to choose individuals who are more likely to provide

significant insights into the study issue. This sampling approach seeks individuals

who possess certain characteristics relevant to the study subject and when it is

necessary to explore a specific phenomenon in depth. The researcher picks

people who match particular requirements and exhibit the required features for

the study.

Instrument of the Study

A semi-structured interview was employed by the researchers as an

instrument. A semi-structured interview is a type of data gathering that involves

asking K-12 teachers certain guiding questions within a preset theme framework,

but the questions are not arranged in order or paraphrased. (George 2022). The

researchers used the Instrument to ask K-12 teachers pre-determined questions

 BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE SANTA ROSA INC.
Rizal BLVD. Brgy, Balibago, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

and potential follow-up questions that helped them see patterns in the answers

while still allowing for comparison between participants and pursuing topics that

arse during the interview that seemed relevant. The researchers also employed

this instrument to allow respondents to openly express their ideas and thoughts

on the issue, which aided in data collection for the study.

Data Collection Procedure

To accumulate data from the study, the researchers conducted in-depth

interviews with the study's target participants which are the teachers at Blessed

Christian School de Sta. Rosa. The Interview explores their experiences and

perceptions regarding the K-12 program through a series of questions and

answers. For an interview with the target participants, the researchers prepared a

list of questions that also corresponds with follow-up questions. Ten (10)

participants who met the requirements for the study were gathered by the

researchers for interviews in order to determine the sampling size. A set of

questions with feedback and remarks were utilized by the researchers to record

the responses of the participants through face-to-face or Google Meet interviews.

To acquire the needed data, the following procedures were undertaken.

1. Securing Approval. The researcher secured approval from the

Superintended regarding the conduct of the study. The researcher wrote a

letter of request to the school principal, asking permission for the

researchers to conduct their semi-structured interviews with the selected

teachers at Blessed Chrisitan School de Sta. Rosa.

 BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE SANTA ROSA INC.
Rizal BLVD. Brgy, Balibago, City of Santa Rosa, Laguna

2. Briefing Participants. After the approval was acknowledged, the

researchers informed the participants about the objectives and benefits of

the study. The Informed Consent Contract was also introduced to the

participants for the study to be ethical and legal. The data privacy form

was also introduced to inform them that the data they were going to give is

completely secured. All the forms are gonna be made by Google Forms.

3. Interviewing Proper. The interview will be conducted in face-to-face

settings. However, if there are unnecessary problems occur that will not let

them do it face-to-face, we will have to do it online through Zoom meetings

or google meet.

4. Transcribing Results. After taking the participants' respective answers,

the researchers will now organize the data gathered without changing or

reducing the answers of the participants to keep the authenticity of the

information which makes the study phenomenologically.

5. Re-checking and Validating the Transcribed Data. After organizing the

presenting the data that were gathered, the data will be shown to the

participants to make sure that the presented information accurately

describes their perspectives and experiences regarding the K-12 Program.