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Fase Siklus Sel
– Interfase
– Fase Pembelahan Sel
INTERPHASE
Growth
G1 (DNA synthesis)
Growth
G2
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Fungsi Pembelahan Sel
100 µm 200 µm 20 µm
Perkembangan.
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Pembelahan Sel
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Fase-fase pada siklus sel
• Interphase
– G1 - primary growth
– S - genome replicated
– G2 - secondary growth
• M - mitosis
• C - cytokinesis
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Interphase
• G1 – Pertumbuhan Sel
• S – sintesis sister chromatids
– Centromere
– Kinetochore
• G2 – Kondensasi kromosom, persiapan
pembelahan sel
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Mitosis
Setiap sel anakan memperoleh satu copy
kromosom sebagaimana kromosom pada sel
Menghasilkan dua sel anakan yang identik.
DNA duplication
during interphase
Mitosis
Diploid Cell
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Pembelahan mitosis pada sel hewan
Nuclear
envelope
Spindle Centrosome at Daughter forming
one spindle pole chromosomes
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Spindle
Aster
Centrosome
Sister
chromatids
Microtubules Chromosomes Metaphase
plate
Kineto-
chores
Overlapping
nonkinetochore Kinetochore
microtubules microtubules
Centrosome 1 µm 0.5 µm
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Mitosis in a plant cell
Nucleus Chromatine Chromosome
Nucleolus condensing
Metaphase. The
1 Prophase. 2 Prometaphase. 3 4 Anaphase. The 5 Telophase. Daughter
spindle is complete,
The chromatin We now see discrete chromatids of each nuclei are forming.
and the chromosomes,
is condensing. chromosomes; each chromosome have Meanwhile, cytokinesis
attached to microtubules
The nucleolus is consists of two separated, and the has started: The cell
at their kinetochores,
beginning to identical sister daughter chromosomes plate, which will
are all at the metaphase
disappear. chromatids. Later are moving to the ends divided the cytoplasm
plate.
Although not in prometaphase, the of cell as their in two, is growing
yet visible nuclear envelop will kinetochore toward the perimeter
in the micrograph, fragment. microtubles shorten. of the parent cell.
the mitotic spindle is
staring to from.
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Cytokinesis
– Animal cells
Constriction belt of
actin filaments
– Plant cells
Cell plate
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Sitokinesis pada sel hewan dan Tumbuhan
100 µm
Cleavage furrow Vesicles Wall of 1 µm
forming patent cell Cell plate
cell plate New cell wall
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DNA : Makromolekul yang tersusun dari unit –unit yang
disebut sebagai nukleotida.
Nukleotida :
Basa nitrogen : Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine
Fosfat
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Struktur Kromosom
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STRUKTUR DNA
Untai ganda yang saling berpilin (double helix) dan bersifat
antiparalel
Gula pentosa dan fosfat menjadi rangka struktur
Basa nitrogen menjadi anak tangga pada struktur
Pasangan basa nitrogen bersifat konstan
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RNA
• rRNA • Berikatan dengan sejumlah protein
(Ribosomal RNA) membentuk ribosom
• Menyediakan tempat untuk berlangsungnya
sintesis protein
• mRNA Salinan informasi yang digunakan untuk
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C
E
DNA
N
Replication T
R
DNA A
L
Transcription
RNA D
O
Translation
G
PROTEIN M
A
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Genetic code
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