Test Bank For Human Heredity Principles and Issues 11Th Edition Cummings 1305251059 978130525105 Full Chapter PDF

Chapter 02 - Cells and Cell Division
Test Bank for Human Heredity Principles and Issues 11th Edition Cummings
1305251059 9781305251052
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1. A polar body, once formed, has no further function and dies.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand
REFERENCES: 2-7 Formation of Gametes
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-7-1 - Define the term gamete and outline the sequence of events leading
to the formation of both male and female gametes.
2. One treatment for Gaucher disease is enzyme replacement therapy.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Remember
REFERENCES: 2-1 Cellular Links to Genetic Disease
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-1-1 - Describe an example of how cell structure and function are
influenced by genetic information.
3. Primary oocytes and spermatogonia are both haploid cells.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
4. The four macromolecules making up our cells allow for the same structure and function across all cells in the body.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero. Page 2

REFERENCES: 2-2 The Chemistry of Cells
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-2-1 - List the four classes of macromolecules that make up cells and
explain how structure and function are interrelated in each.
5. Mitosis is a process that is unique to humans.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
REFERENCES: 2-5 Mitosis Is Essential for Growth and Cell Replacement
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-5-1 - Discuss the importance of mitosis for growth and cell replacement
and identify possible consequences when cell cycle regulation is interrupted.

Multiple Choice
6. The process of meiosis results in .

a. the production of four identical cells
b. no change in the chromosome number from parental cells
c. a doubling of the chromosome number
d. a reduction in the chromosome number
e. two diploid cells
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 2-6 Cell Division by Meiosis: The Basis of Sex
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-6-2 - Illustrate the stages of meiosis I and meiosis II and describe what
occurs at each stage.
7. In the cell cycle, the G1 phase represents .

a. the stage of DNA synthesis
b. splitting of the chromosomes into chromatids
c. a period of growth
d. the stage of actual cell division
e. the stage just prior to meiosis
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 2-4 The Cell Cycle Describes the Life History of a Cell
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-4-2 - List the three stages of interphase and explain what occurs at each
stage.
8. Ribosomes are organelles that are involved in .

a. plasma membrane selectivity
b. cellular energy production
c. protein synthesis
d. transport of materials
e. DNA replication
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 2-3 Cell Structure Reflects Function
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-3-3 - Differentiate between the major cellular organelles and state their
functions.
9. Which genetic diseases involve defects in DNA repair that affect cell division?
a. Gaucher disease and Werner syndrome
b. Kearns-Sayre syndrome and progeria
c. progeria and Gaucher disease
d. Gaucher disease and cystic fibrosis
e. progeria and Werner syndrome
ANSWER: e

10. Autosomes represent .

a. all chromosomes including the sex chromosomes
b. the half of the chromosomes inherited from one parent
c. all chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes
d. chromosome pairs with unlike members
e. those chromosomes found only in gametes
ANSWER: c
functions.
11. During meiosis in an organism where 2n = 8, how many chromatids will be present in a cell at the beginning
of meiosis II?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 6
d. 8
e. 12
ANSWER: d
12. The Hayflick limit describes .

a. the size limit to which a cell can grow
b. the number of divisions a cultured cell can undergo
c. the largest number of chromosomes an organism can possess
d. the most cells an organism can have
e. how rapidly DNA replication can occur
ANSWER: b
13. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate in .

a. metaphase I
b. anaphase I

c. metaphase II
d. anaphase II
e. telophase
ANSWER: b
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-4-3 - Outline the four stages of mitosis and describe the characteristics
of each stage.
14. A cell that cannot form spindle fibers cannot .

a. engage in energy production
b. exchange gases across the plasma membrane
c. perform mitosis nor meiosis
d. perform DNA replication
e. engage in protein synthesis
ANSWER: c
REFERENCES: 2-4 The Cell Cycle Describes the Life History of a Cell | 2-6 Cell Division by Meiosis: The
Basis of Sex
of each stage.
15. A cell in G0 state .

a. is actively growing before cell division begins
b. has a cleavage furrow and the cytoplasm is beginning to divide
c. is actively replicating chromosomes
d. is in cytokinesis
e. has entered a resting stage and is not actively dividing
ANSWER:e
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-4-1 - Summarize the three phases of the cell cycle: interphase, mitosis,
and cytokinesis.
16. A centromere is least likely to .

a. divide in anaphase of mitosis
b. connect sister chromatids
c. attach chromosomes to spindle fibers
d. cross over during prophase I of meiosis
e. be a component of DNA
ANSWER: d
REFERENCES: 2-4 The Cell Cycle Describes the Life History of a Cell | 2-6 Cell Division by Meiosis; The
Basis of Sex
of each stage.
17. The underlying problem in Gaucher disease is .

a. the spontaneous breakdown of red blood cells
b. the accumulation of fat in white blood cells
c. the breakdown of the myelin sheath around nerves
d. a hypertrophied spleen
e. the lack of critical liver enzymes
ANSWER: b
18. Which biomolecule is most associated with the structure and function of cell membranes?
a. Polysaccharides
b. steroids
c. DNA
d. phospholipids
e. ATP
ANSWER: d
19. Proteins function .

a. as energy carriers
b. as the ‘backbone’ of the DNA molecule
c. as component parts of enzymes
d. in energy storage within the cell nucleus
e. in transmission of genetic information
ANSWER:c
2-3 Cell Structure Reflects Function
HUHE.CUMM.16.2-3-3 - Differentiate between the major cellular organelles and state their
functions.
20. Ribosomes are most closely associated with .

a. the Golgi complex
b. lysosomes
c. mitochondria
d. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
e. the cytoplasm and rough endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWER: e
functions.
21. In meiosis, cells become haploid .

a. at the end of telophase I
b. during metaphase I
c. during anaphase I
d. at the beginning of metaphase II
e. at the end of prophase II
ANSWER:a
22. In meiosis of oogenesis, how many mature eggs result?

a. one
b. two
c. three
d. four
e. five
ANSWER: a
23. During spermatogenesis in meiosis II, form(s).

a. primary spermatocytes
b. secondary spermatocytes
c. spermatids
d. mature sperm
e. a zygote
ANSWER: c

24. A rare genetic disorder called Gaucher disease may strike as many as one in 450 people of descent.
a. Middle Eastern
b. Western European
c. African American
d. British
e. Eastern European
ANSWER:e
25. Macromolecules including sugars, glycogen, and starches composed of sugar monomers linked and cross-linked
together are known as .
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
d. fatty acids
e. nucleic acids
ANSWER: a
26. Carbohydrates .
a. act as energy sources for cells
b. include fats and oils
c. are made of nucleic acids
d. act as protein builders
e. are also called steroids
ANSWER:a
27. Large cellular polymers assembled by chemically linking monomers together are called .
a. carbohydrates
b. lipids
c. proteins
d. nucleic acids
e. macromolecules
ANSWER: e
Completion
28. There are autosomes present in a human sperm cell.

ANSWER: 22
twenty-two
twenty two
HUHE.CUMM.16.2-7-2 - Establish the significance of meiosis in the formation of gametes.
29. The chromosomal structure that anchors the spindle fiber to the chromosome is known as the
.
ANSWER:centromere
of each stage.
30. In mitosis, chromatids separate and move to the center of the cell during .
ANSWER:metaphase
of each stage.
31. In meiosis, sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the spindle during .
ANSWER: anaphase II
32. In cell division, toward the end of nuclear division, the cytoplasm divides by a process called
to produce two identical cells.
ANSWER:cytokinesis
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-4-1 - Summarize the three phases of the cell cycle: interphase, mitosis,
and cytokinesis.
33. The only cytoplasmic organelles in animal cells aside from nuclei that contain DNA are .
ANSWER:mitochondria

functions.
34. The series of flattened sacs and associated vesicles in the cytoplasm of a cell is the .
ANSWER: Golgi complex
functions.
35. Cells are largely constructed from four classes of large molecules called .
ANSWER:macromolecules
36. The condition in which each chromosome is represented twice as a member of a homologous pair is called
.
ANSWER: diploid
2n
37. is a symptom of Gaucher disease (indicate any one).

ANSWER: Brittle bones
Fatigue
Painful abdomen
Tender abdomen
Enlarged spleen
Enlarged liver
38. is used to diagnose and treat genetic disorders.

ANSWER: Genetic testing
Genetic counseling
39. Lipids are a class of cellular macromolecules that are in water.

ANSWER: insoluble
40. In both progeria and Werner syndrome, cells are switched from a growth to a maintenance mode, halting
.
ANSWER: divisions
cell divisions
41. Identical gene loci are located on .

ANSWER: homologous chromosomes
homologues
42. The two types of nucleic acids are and .

ANSWER: DNA; RNA
RNA; DNA
43. There are two cellular domains: the and the .

ANSWER: plasma membrane; cytoplasm
cytoplasm; plasma membrane

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-3-2 - List the two cellular domains and give the major characteristics of
each.
44. The three parts of interphase, in order, are , , and

.
ANSWER: G1; S; G2
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16. 2-4-2: - List the three stages of interphase and explain what occurs at
each stage.

45. Sister chromatids are joined by a common centromere and each carries identical .
ANSWER: genetic information
genes

of each stage.
Essay
46. Describe the two ways in which meiosis produces new combinations of genes.
ANSWER: Random assortment of maternal and paternal chromosomes during cell division is the first
way that meiosis produces new combinations of genes. In each pair of chromosomes, one
copy was inherited from each parent. Random combinations of parental chromosomes arise
in metaphase I when the maternal and paternal members of each pair line up at random with
respect to all the other pairs. In other words, the arrangement of any chromosomal pair can
be maternal:paternal or paternal:maternal. As a result, cells produced in meiosis I are much
more likely to receive a combination of maternal and paternal chromosomes than they are to
receive a complete set of maternal chromosomes or a complete set of paternal chromosomes.
Crossing over is the second way meiosis generates new combinations of genes. This
process involves the physical exchange of parts between non-sister chromatids. Members of
a chromosome pair carry identical genes but may carry different versions of those genes
(alleles). For example, a chromosome may carry a gene for eye color. One copy of the
chromosome may carry an allele for blue eyes, while the other carries an allele for brown
eyes. The exchange of chromosome parts during crossing over creates new combinations of
alleles inherited from each parent.
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Analyze
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-6-3 - Explain the two processes of meiosis that create new combinations
of genes.
47. Compare and contrast the events and results of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
ANSWER: In males, the production of sperm, known as spermatogenesis, occurs in the testes. Cells
called spermatogonia line the tubules of the testes and divide by mitosis from puberty until
death, producing daughter cells called spermatocytes. Spermatocytes undergo meiosis, and
the four haploid cells that result are called spermatids. Each spermatid develops into a
mature sperm. The tubules within the testes contain many spermatocytes, and large numbers
of sperm are always in production.
In females, the production of gametes is called oogenesis and takes place in the ovaries.
Cells in the ovary known as oogonia begin mitosis early in embryonic development and
finish a few weeks later. During meiosis I, one cell, destined to become the female gamete,
receives about 95% of the cytoplasm and is called a secondary oocyte. The larger cell
becomes the functional gamete (the ovum) and the nonfunctional, smaller cells are known
as a polar bodies. If the secondary oocyte is fertilized, meiosis II is completed quickly and
the haploid nuclei of the ovum and sperm fuse to produce a diploid zygote.
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Analyze

48. Should the cost of treatment for a genetic disorder be an important consideration for insurance companies when
deciding whether or not to cover the treatment? Justify your reasoning.
ANSWER: Answers will vary. One argument may be that insurance companies have to make decisions
based on the best use of their available resources and that it would not be ethical, for
example, to spend $1,000,000 a year for any one patient’s treatment when it might
be possible to help hundreds or thousands of people with that same money.
Alternatively, one could argue that a dollar value cannot be placed on life. The cost of
treatment for a person should not, in any way, come down to money. The purpose of medical
insurance is to take care of people, no matter what the cost. By accepting premium payments
from their clients, insurance companies are agreeing to cover the patient and that it should not
matter how much that treatment costs.
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Evaluate
54. List the four macromolecules that make up cells and give a brief description of the structure and function of each.
ANSWER: Carbohydrates include small, water-soluble sugars and large polymers made of sugars. In the
cell, carbohydrates have three important functions: They are structural components of cells;
they act as energy sources for the cell; and, in combination with proteins on the surface, they
give cells a molecular identity.
Lipids are a structurally and functionally diverse class of biological molecules partially
defined by their insolubility in water. Lipids have many functions: They are structural
components of membranes, some serve as energy reserves, while others act as hormones and
vitamins. Lipids are classified into three major groups: fats and oils, phospholipids, and
steroids. The phospholipids play important roles in the structure and function of the cell
membrane.
Proteins are the most functionally diverse class of macromolecules. Proteins are polymers,
made up of one or more chains of subunits, called amino acids. The varied structures of
proteins are reflected in their diversity of functions.
Nucleic acids are polymers made from nucleotide subunits. Nucleotides themselves have
important functions in energy transfer, but nucleic acids are the storehouses of genetic
information in the cell. The information is encoded in the nucleotide sequence.
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Understand
55. Explain the structure and function of the cell nucleus. Include the terms nuclear envelope, nucleoli, chromatin,
chromosomes, autosomes, and sex chromosomes.
ANSWER: The largest organelle is the nucleus. It is enclosed by a double membrane called the nuclear
envelope. Within the nucleus, dense regions known as nucleoli synthesize ribosomes. Dark
strands of chromatin are seen throughout the nucleus. As a cell prepares to divide, the
chromatin condenses to form the chromosomes. In humans, there are 23 pairs of
chromosomes (46 chromosomes) in most cells Certain cells, such as sperm and eggs, carry
only one copy of each chromosome and have 23 unpaired chromosomes. Human males have
one pair of chromosomes that are not completely matched. Members of this pair are known
as sex chromosomes. There are two types of human sex chromosomes: X and Y. Males carry
an X chromosome and a Y chromosome, and females carry two X chromosomes. All other
chromosomes are known as autosomes.
DIFFICULTY: Bloom’s: Evaluate
functions.
56. Briefly summarize the four phases of mitosis and cytokinesis.

ANSWER: Prophase: Chromosomes become visible as threadlike structures. As they continue to
condense, they are seen as double structures, with sister chromatids joined at a single
centromere.
Metaphase: Chromosomes become aligned at equator of cell.
Anaphase: Centromeres divide, and chromosomes move toward opposite poles.
Telophase: Chromosomes decondense; nuclear membrane forms.
Cytokinesis--Cleavage furrow gradually tightens and the cell eventually divides in two,
distributing organelles to the daughter cells.
of each stage.
57. Define interphase and describe its three stages.

ANSWER: Before cells can divide, they must grow to the size of the parental cell. Growth takes place
during the first stage of interphase, the G1 stage. G1 begins immediately after division;
during this stage, many cytoplasmic components, including organelles, membranes, and
ribosomes, are made. G1 is followed by the S (synthesis) phase, during which a copy of
each chromosome is made. A period known as G2 takes place before the cell is ready to
begin a new round of division.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16. 2-4-2 - List the three stages of interphase and explain what occurs at each
stage.
58. Some cells retain the capacity to divide throughout their life cycle, whereas others do not divide in adulthood. Give
one example of each type.
ANSWER: Cells in bone marrow continually move through the cell cycle, producing about 2 million red
blood cells each second.
Skin cells constantly divide to replace dead cells that are sloughed off the surface of the
body.
Many cells in the nervous system leave the cell cycle, enter G0, and do not divide in
adulthood.
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Apply

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-5-1 - Discuss the importance of mitosis for growth and cell
replacement and identify possible consequences when cell cycle regulation is
interrupted.
59. Explain the major difference between daughter cells formed by mitosis and those formed by
meiosis. What occurs when two daughter cells formed during meiosis fuse?
ANSWER: In mitosis, each daughter cell receives two copies of each chromosome. Cells with two copies
of each chromosome are diploid (2n) and have 46 chromosomes. In meiosis, members of a
chromosome pair separate from each other, and each daughter cell receives a haploid (n) set
of 23 chromosomes. These haploid cells form gametes (sperm and egg). Fusion of two
haploid gametes in fertilization restores the chromosome number to the diploid number of 46,
providing a full set of genetic information to the fertilized egg.
DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Analyze
2-6 Cell Division by Meiosis: The Basis of Sex
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: HUHE.CUMM.16.2-4-3 - Outline the four stages of mitosis and describe the
characteristics of each stage.
HUHE.CUMM.16.2-6-1 - Compare and contrast mitosis and meiosis.
Figure 2-1
60. All cells are fundamentally similar at a structural level. Using the accompanying diagram of a generalized
human cell, name as many of the numbered labels as you can to illustrate this idea.
ANSWER: All cells have a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, membranous organelles, and a
membrane- bound nucleus (see labeling below). All cells’ shapes, internal
organizations, and functions are under genetic control.

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ON PREJUDICE
This and the two following essays were published together in
Sketches and Essays.
392. ‘God’s image,’ etc. Fuller, The Holy State, II. 20, ‘The Good
Sea-Captain.’
Mr. Murray no longer libels men of colour. In Sketches and
Essays these words were changed to ‘men of colour are no
longer to be libelled.’
393. ‘That one,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act V. Sc. 2.
THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED
PAG
E ‘Most ignorant,’ etc. Cf. Measure for Measure, Act II. Sc. 2.
395. ‘Cherish,’ etc. Reflections on the Revolution in France (Select
Works, ed. Payne, II. 102).
‘Rings the earth,’ etc. Cf. Cowper, The Task, III. 129–30.
396. ‘Murder to dissect.’ Wordsworth, The Tables Turned, l. 28.
THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED
This essay, which does not seem to have been published in The
Atlas, is printed from Sketches and Essays.
PAG
E
‘Reason,’ etc. Cf. 1 Peter iii. 15.
396. ‘There is nothing,’ etc. Cf. vol. VIII. (English Comic Writers) p.
398. 124 and note.
400. ‘Thus shall we,’ etc. Cf. 1 John iv. I.
‘Comes home,’ etc. Bacon, Essays, Dedication.
‘Still, small voice.’ 1 Kings xix. 12.
ON PARTY SPIRIT
Published in Winterslow.
402. ‘The salt of the earth.’ S. Matthew v. 13.

‘Cuts,’ etc. Cf. Cowper, The Task, III. 208–9.
‘The sentiment,’ etc. Cf. ante, p. 218 and note.
PROJECT FOR A NEW THEORY, ETC.
This essay was published in Literary Remains, and again, more
fully, in Winterslow, where it is dated 1828. It may possibly have
been printed in The Atlas for 1829, a complete file of which the
Editors have not been able to find. The essay is here printed from
Winterslow. See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs (1867), I. 24 et seq.
PAG
E Mr. Currie. This should apparently be Corrie. See Memoirs, I.
405. 25.
The Test and Corporation Acts. Repealed in 1828.
409. ‘I am monarch,’ etc. Cowper, Verses supposed to be written
by Alexander Selkirk.
‘Founded as the rock.’ Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.
410. Mr. Burke talks, etc. Hazlitt seems to refer to Burke’s Essay,
On the Sublime and Beautiful, Part IV. §25.
411. ‘There’s no divinity,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act IV. Sc. 5.
412. Essay on Wages. An Essay on the Circumstances which
determine the Rate of Wages, etc. (1826).
‘Throw your bread,’ etc. Cf. Ecclesiastes xi. 1.
413. ‘While this machine,’ etc. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.
419. ‘Like the wild goose,’ etc. As You Like It, Act II. Sc. 7.
ON THE CONDUCT OF LIFE, ETC.
Published in Literary Remains, from which it is here reprinted.
See Mr. W. C. Hazlitt’s Memoirs (1867), I. 16, where the date of the
essay is fixed as 1822, when Hazlitt’s son was ten years old.
PAG
E ‘The salt of the earth.’ S. Matthew v. 13.
425.
‘According to your own dignity,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act II. Sc. 2.
‘How shall we part,’ etc. Cf. Paradise Lost, XI. 282–5.
428. ‘The study of the Classics,’ etc. See vol. I. (The Round Table)
p. 4 and notes.
431. ‘Practique,’ etc. Henry V., Act I. Sc. 1.
435. ‘We hunt the wind,’ etc. See Don Quixote, Part I. Book II.
chap. xiii.
‘Quit, quit,’ etc. Cf. Suckling’s Song, ‘Why so pale and wan,
fond lover?’
436. ‘When on the yellow,’ etc. Coleridge, Love, St. 16.
437. ‘Nods and winks,’ etc. Cf. L’Allegro, 28.
439. ‘Paled,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.
BELIEF, WHETHER VOLUNTARY?
Published in Literary Remains (from which it is here printed) and
in Winterslow.
‘Thy wish,’ etc. 2 Henry IV., Act IV. Sc. 5.

Note. Cf. ante, p. 317.
441. ‘Blown about,’ etc. Cf. Ephesians iv. 14.
‘Infinite agitation of wit.’ Bacon, The Advancement of
Learning, Book I. iv. 5.
Sir Isaac Newton, etc. Newton published Observations on the
Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John
(1733), and Napier of Merchiston A Plaine Discovery of the
whole Revelation of St. John (1594).
442. ‘Masterless passion,’ etc. Cf. The Merchant of Venice, Act IV.
Sc. 1.
‘Fear,’ etc. A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Act V. Sc. 1.
443. January and May. See Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, ‘The
Merchant’s Tale.’
444. A good remark in ‘Vivian Grey.’ See Book IV. chap. V.
DEFINITION OF WIT
Published in Literary Remains from which it is here reprinted. Cf.
the essay ‘On Wit and Humour’ in vol. VIII. (English Comic Writers)
pp. 5–30.
PAG
E ‘Wherein,’ etc. See vol. VIII. pp. 18–19.
445. ‘The squandering glances,’ etc. As You Like it, Act II. Sc. 7.
‘Revive,’ etc. Quoted elsewhere from Scott.

446. ‘Foregone conclusion.’ Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.
448. ‘Skin,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 4.
‘In cut and dye,’ etc. Hudibras, I. I. 243–4.

449. ‘The house,’ etc. Misquoted from Swift’s Vanbrugh’s House.
‘Turned from black to red.’ Hudibras, II. II. 32.

450.
‘Like jewels,’ etc. Collins, Ode, The Manners, 55.
‘Pray lend me,’ etc. Farquhar, The Beaux Stratagem, Act V.
451. Sc. 4.
453. ‘A forked radish,’ 2 Henry IV., Act III. Sc. 2.
PERSONAL POLITICS
Published in Literary Remains, where the author’s son says that it
was ‘written during my father’s last illness, immediately after the
French Revolution of 1830.’ The essay, which must have been written
after the ‘Three Days’ (see post, p. 461, note) is here reprinted from
Literary Remains.
PAG
E ‘Ay, every inch a King!’ King Lear, Act IV. Sc. 6.
456. ‘Cooped,’ etc. Cf. Macbeth, Act III. Sc. 4.
‘Himself again.’ Richard III. (Cibber’s version), Act V. Sc. 3.

‘Solely,’ etc. Macbeth, Act I. Sc. 5.
458. ‘Shall be in him,’ etc. Cf. Othello, Act III. Sc. 3.
‘Smile,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.

459. ‘Ever strong,’ etc. King John, Act III. Sc. 1.
The late King. George IV. died on June 26, 1830.

460. Let him go where he chooses. Charles X. arrived in England
461. on Aug. 17, 1830.
Note. The Revolution of the Three Days. This began on July
27, 1830.
EMANCIPATION OF THE JEWS
This paper was printed in Leigh Hunt’s The Tatler for March, 1831
(vol. II.), and also, separately, in pamphlet form. Mr. Bertram Dobell
kindly showed to the Editors a copy of this pamphlet in his
possession which bore the following (anonymous) marginal note:
‘Written by Hazlitt, and a little altered by Mr. Basil Montagu—Mr.
Isaac Goldsmid caused this little tract to be written, and defrayed all
the expenses of authorship, printing, etc. It was the last production, I
think, of Hazlitt’s pen.’ From a proof in the Editors’ possession it is
clear that the essay was sent by Hazlitt’s son to The Daily News and
set up in type in 1849, but it seems never to have been published by
that journal. The essay is here reprinted from the pamphlet. The
Tatler and The Daily News proof show only trifling typographical
variations. It will be remembered that Macaulay’s maiden speech
(April 5, 1830) was in favour of a bill for the removal of Jewish
disabilities. The emancipation of the Jews was not effected till 1858.
PAG
E ‘We have reformed,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act III. Sc. 2.
461. ‘My kingdom,’ etc. S. John xviii. 36.
463. ‘And pure religion,’ etc. Wordsworth, Sonnet, Written in
464. London, September 1802.
ON THE PUNISHMENT OF DEATH
Fraser’s Magazine for January 1831 contains an article on Capital
Punishment in which the author introduces an extract from an essay
by Hazlitt on the same subject. The extract is thus introduced: ‘It
forms part of an essay which was written a few years ago by the late
W. Hazlitt, at the request of a society then existing in London for
obtaining a repeal of that formidable law, and seems to contain
pretty much the sum of what might be brought forward against that
punishment by a philosophical reasoner. It has never yet been
published.’ Hazlitt’s essay has not been discovered, and this rather
obscure fragment is reprinted from Fraser’s Magazine.
PAG
E Beccaria. Cesare, Marchese de Beccaria (1735?–1794), whose
466. famous work, On Crimes and Punishments, appeared in
1764.
‘It is not the intensity,’ etc. Cf. Beccaria, chap. xxviii.
‘Crimes are more effectually prevented,’ etc. Ibid. chap, xxvii.
470. In Mr. Bentham’s phrase. See (e.g) Theory of Legislation,
Part III. chap. vi.
Note. For Burgh’s book see vol. IV. (Reply to Malthus), p. 85
et seq. and notes.
ADDENDA TO THE NOTES IN VOLS. I.–XI.
VOL. I.
PAG
E 3. The miser ‘robs himself,’ etc. Cf. Joseph Andrews, Book
IV.
chap. vii.
23. ‘Because on earth,’ etc. See vol. X., note to p. 63.
52. ‘A mistress,’ etc. Goldsmith, The Traveller, 152.
57. ‘Pure,’ etc. Dryden, Persius, Sat. II. l. 133.
68. ‘Two happy things,’ etc. The Tatler (No. 40) quotes the
epigram thus:
‘In marriage are two happy things allowed,
A wife in wedding-sheets, and in a shroud.
How can a marriage state then be accursed,
Since the last day’s as happy as the first?’
85. ‘Painting was jealous,’ etc. Vasari records a similar saying

(Lives, ed. Blashfield and Hopkins, 1897, vol. IV. p. 218).
105. ‘In that first garden,’ etc. Cf. ‘In that first garden of our
simpleness.’ Daniel, Hymen’s Triumph, I. 1.
112. ‘And visions,’ etc. This couplet, a favourite quotation of
Hazlitt’s, occurs in a letter from Gray to Horace Walpole
(Letters, ed. Tovey, I. 7–8). The lines are apparently a
translation (by Gray) of Virgil, Æneid, VI. 282–84.
135. ‘Heaves no sigh,’ etc. See vol. V., note to p. 30.
139. The new Patent Blacking. Cf. Moore’s Parody of a
Celebrated Letter, 94–6.
391. ‘The word,’ etc. Cf. 2 Henry IV., III. 2.
292. ‘Go, go,’ etc. Cf. Wycherley, The Plain Dealer, v. I.
427. Turnspit of the King’s kitchen. See vol. XII. (Fugitive
Writings), p. 291 and note.
VOL. II.
310. ‘Both living and loving.’ Lamb’s version of Thekla’s Song

in The Piccolomini. See Coleridge’s Poetical Works, ed. J.
D. Campbell, p. 648.
311. ‘Winged wound.’ Dryden, The Hind and the Panther, I. 6.
347. ‘Who had been beguiled,’ etc. Leigh Hunt, The Story of
Rimini, Canto III.
363. ‘Throws a cruel sunshine on a fool.’ Armstrong, The Art
of Preserving Health, Book IV.
396. The man who bought Punch. See vol. XII. p. 353.
VOL. III.
38. The Room over the way. See Cobbett’s Weekly Political
Register, Sept. 1817 (Selections, etc., v. 259).
41. St. Peter is well at Rome. Don Quixote, Part II. Book III.
chap, xli., and elsewhere.
45. ‘Lest the courtiers,’ etc. The Beggar’s Opera, II. 2.
60. ‘One note day and night.’ Burke, Regicide Peace (Select
Works, ed. Payne, p. 51).
63. ‘Which fear,’ etc. Cowper, The Task, II. 325.
166. ‘In Philharmonia’s undivided dale.’ Cf. ‘O’er peaceful
Freedom’s undivided dale.’ Coleridge, Monody on the
Death of Chatterton, 140.
171. ‘Unslacked of motion.’ See vol. IV. p. 42 and note.
174. ‘Of whatsoever race,’ etc. Cf. Dryden, Absalom and
Achitophel, I. 100–103.
239. ‘Meek mouths ruminant.’ Cf. ‘With ruminant meek
mouths.’ Leigh Hunt, The Story of Rimini, Canto II.
243. The Essay on ‘The Effects of War and Taxes,’ appeared
also in The New Scots Magazine for Oct. 1818.
259. ‘Soul-killing lies,’ etc. Lamb, John Woodvil, Act II.
268. ‘Certain so wroth,’ etc. Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, The
Prologue, 451–2.
273. ‘People of the nicest imaginations,’ etc. Cf. Swift,
Thoughts on Various Subjects.
284. ‘Resemble the flies of a summer.’ Cf. ‘Men would become
little better than the flies of a summer.’ Burke, Reflections
on the Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II.
112).
328. ‘A new creation,’ etc. Goldsmith, The Traveller, 296.
VOL. IV.
17. ‘Sacro,’ etc. Quoted in the notes to Junius. See notes to

Letter XXXVI.
24. To elevate and surprise. The Duke of Buckingham’s The
Rehearsal, I. 1.
44. ‘Your very nice people,’ etc. See ante, note to vol. III. p.
273.
147. ‘Where he picks clean teeth.’ Cowper, The Task, II. 627.
217. ‘When he saw,’ etc. Coleridge, Remorse, Act IV. Sc. 2.
220. Pingo in eternitatem. A saying attributed to Zeuxis. See
Sir Joshua Reynolds’s Discourses, No. III.
311. ‘Sithence no fairy lights,’ etc. See vol. XI. pp. 224, 268,
and notes.
VOL. V.
9. ‘And visions,’ etc. See ante, note to vol. I. p. 112.

10. ‘Obscurity,’ etc. See vol. XI. p. 224 and note.
120. ‘And that green wreath,’ etc. Southey, Carmen Nuptiale,
Proem, St. 9.
215. ‘A foot,’ etc. Cf. Donne, The Storm, 3–4.
277. Friar Onion. See Boccaccio, The Decameron, Sixth Day,
Novel X.
280. ‘That, like a trumpet,’ etc. Cf. Leigh Hunt, The Story of
Rimini, Canto III.
345. ‘The last of those fair clouds,’ etc. Cf. Wordsworth, The
Excursion, VII. 1014–16.
372. For the note on Lord Dorset read Charles Sackville
(1638–1706), sixth Earl of Dorset, author of ‘To all you
ladies now on land,’ included with other songs in Hazlitt’s
Select British Poets.
VOL. VI.
23. ‘Those suns and skies so pure.’ Warton, Sonnet (IX.) to the
River Lodon.
93. ‘The fair variety of things.’ Akenside, Pleasures of the
Imagination, I. 78.
94. A neighbouring Baronet. See vol. XII., note to p. 202.
96. ‘Like life and death,’ etc. Cf. Lamb., John Woodvil, Act II.
106. ‘The beautiful is vanished,’ etc. Coleridge, The Death of
Wallenstein, v. I.
113. ‘Like a faint shadow,’ etc. Cf. The Faerie Queene, II. vii.
29.
152. Note. ‘The worse, the second fall of man.’ Cf. Windham,
Speeches, I. 311 (March 13, 1797).
156. ‘To warn and scare.’ Rev. Sneyd Davies, To the
Honourable and Reverend F. C. (Dodsley, Collection of
Poems, VI. 138).
189. ‘The vine-covered hills,’ etc. William Roscoe, Lines
written in 1788, parodied in The Anti-Jacobin.
211. ‘Free from the Sirian star,’ etc. Beaumont and Fletcher,
Philaster, Act v. Sc. 3.
218. ‘It was out of all plumb,’ etc. Tristram Shandy, Book III.
chap. xii.
225. ‘Stud of night-mares.’ Cf. ‘I confess an occasional night-
mare; but I do not, as in early youth, keep a stud of them.’
Lamb, Essays of Elia (Witches, and other Night-Fears).
243. ‘Tall, opaque words.’ Hazlitt was perhaps quoting from
himself. See vol. VIII. p. 257.
259. ‘To angels ’twas most like.’ The Flower and the Leaf, St.
19.
308. ‘Wild wit,’ etc. Gray, Ode, On a Distant Prospect of Eton
College.
317. ‘As much again to govern it.’ This line is not Butler’s, but
Pope’s. See An Essay on Criticism, 80–81:
‘There are whom heav’n has blest with store of wit,
Yet want as much again to manage it.’
The couplet was changed in the 4to edition of 1743.

VOL. VII.
189. ‘Subtilised savages.’ ‘Nor as yet have we subtilised

ourselves into savages.’ Burke, Refections on the
Revolution in France (Select Works, ed. Payne, II. 101).
273. ‘As a saving of cheese-parings,’ etc. See Windham’s
Speeches, I. 311 (March 13, 1797).
282. ‘As if they thrilled,’ etc. The Faerie Queene, II. xii. 78.

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Chapter 02 - Cells and Cell Division

2. One treatment for Gaucher disease is enzyme replacement therapy.

3. Primary oocytes and spermatogonia are both haploid cells.

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5. Mitosis is a process that is unique to humans.

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6. The process of meiosis results in .

7. In the cell cycle, the G1 phase represents .

8. Ribosomes are organelles that are involved in .

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10. Autosomes represent .

12. The Hayflick limit describes .

13. In meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate in .

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14. A cell that cannot form spindle fibers cannot .

15. A cell in G0 state .

16. A centromere is least likely to .

17. The underlying problem in Gaucher disease is .

19. Proteins function .

20. Ribosomes are most closely associated with .

21. In meiosis, cells become haploid .

22. In meiosis of oogenesis, how many mature eggs result?

23. During spermatogenesis in meiosis II, form(s).

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand

28. There are autosomes present in a human sperm cell.

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37. is a symptom of Gaucher disease (indicate any one).

38. is used to diagnose and treat genetic disorders.

39. Lipids are a class of cellular macromolecules that are in water.

41. Identical gene loci are located on .

42. The two types of nucleic acids are and .

43. There are two cellular domains: the and the .

DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand

44. The three parts of interphase, in order, are , , and

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DIFFICULTY: Bloom's: Understand

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56. Briefly summarize the four phases of mitosis and cytokinesis.

57. Define interphase and describe its three stages.

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402. ‘The salt of the earth.’ S. Matthew v. 13.

‘Thy wish,’ etc. 2 Henry IV., Act IV. Sc. 5.

‘Revive,’ etc. Quoted elsewhere from Scott.

‘In cut and dye,’ etc. Hudibras, I. I. 243–4.

‘Turned from black to red.’ Hudibras, II. II. 32.

‘Himself again.’ Richard III. (Cibber’s version), Act V. Sc. 3.

‘Smile,’ etc. Cf. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 5.

The late King. George IV. died on June 26, 1830.

85. ‘Painting was jealous,’ etc. Vasari records a similar saying

310. ‘Both living and loving.’ Lamb’s version of Thekla’s Song

17. ‘Sacro,’ etc. Quoted in the notes to Junius. See notes to

9. ‘And visions,’ etc. See ante, note to vol. I. p. 112.

The couplet was changed in the 4to edition of 1743.

189. ‘Subtilised savages.’ ‘Nor as yet have we subtilised

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