Chapter 2

Review of Related Literature

This Chapter we will present the related topics in our study. The topics here will
be able to elaborate about cases of bullying and also help us in conducting in our study.

Foreign Study

The study of bullying and resources also appears which involve to the
researcher Jessamyn G. Perlus, Ashley Brooks-Russell and Ronald (2014)
researcher National Institutes of Health and Jing Wang of the Henry M. Jackson
Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine defined bullying. In 2014 study
published in the American Journal of Public Health looks at trends in bullying, physical
fighting, and weapon carrying for students at U.S. schools in grades 6 through 10 over
the period 1998 to 2010 including hurtful taunting, intentional exclusion from social
activities, verbal or physical aggression, spreading false rumors and sexual harassment.
According to their definition, it is not bullying when two students of about the same
strength or power argue or fight. It is also not bullying when a student is teased in a
friendly and playful way.” Additionally, the researchers assessed how often students
became involved in physical fights regardless of whether the altercations met their
definition of bullying. The researcher found that bullying cases start in joke and pissed.
There definition is not all teased in a power argue or fight is bullying it is there bonding
and habits.

Closson, Darwich, Hymel, & Waterhouse, (2014) Canadian evidence on school

socio-demographic characteristics and bullying is extremely limited. Findings indicate no
differences in mean levels of bullying victimization between ethnic majority/minority and
immigrant/non-immigrant groups; however, some evidence suggests that ethnic/visible
minority students experience less victimization and racial discrimination in schools with
increased numbers of other ethnic or visible minority students. They found out that
bullying is a case of victim which adopt or started in family and environment.
 (Thijs et al. 2014; Vitoroulis et al. 2015) In combination, they suggest that both
immigrant and majority youth may be at increased risk of exclusion in classrooms where
they com- praise the minority because they are less similar to class- mates and hold
less social power in such contexts. While school segregation poses risks, in some
circumstances it may also protect youth, particularly immigrant youth, from social
exclusion due to a greater likelihood of fitting in and shifting of power balances. They
found that significant bullying is base in lack discipline and learning proficiency.

Local Study

Margaret S. Sanapo (2017) researcher that bullying is about aggression. Fear in

the child victim and the indifference of adult society fuel it. People’s refusal to intervene
or report the incidents, thinking they’re only child’s play, makes it an extremely difficult
problem to solve. Domination, there has to be huge power imbalance in order to carry
out the act. No bullying would dare face another kid twice his size and mass topped with
angrier disposition. The bully always makes sure he or she has the upper hand by
preying on ‘weaker’ or ‘smaller’ individuals. The researcher found that bullying is base of
their mental and physical behavior.

Rep. General Anthony Gullas Jr., (2014) member of the House committee on
basic education. On the issue of whether the Philippines has efficient child protection
program or not the consolidated report of Department of Education (Dep Ed), bullying
cases on elementary and high school of both private and public school on 2014 rose by
21% or total of 6,363 cases. Which lead of bullying? Therefore the use percentage is
base from percentage students which been lead bullying.

Mr. Sonny Santos (2014) popular online media-based leadership development

strategist, often consulted by mainstream media on issues like cyber-bullying, The study
says: “although teacher or school personnel are expected to report the bullying
incidence they have witnessed personally to the committee of child protection to which
the guidance counselor is a member, only few did so according to participants. In fact,
there were only 9% of respondents who indicated this type of response to bullying from
their teachers or class advisers. About the number (10%) said that their teacher
informed parents of children involved in the bullying incident. The remaining about the
bullying case they have witnessed.” This study is show about the percentage that
involved in the bullying incident.

Foreign Literature

There is a related study on the extent of bullying. These study focus on the
effect of bullying cases and the behavior of a student in School and environment.

(Rose & Gage, 2017), this research consider about the effect of bullying in
Canada. Students with specific learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorder,
emotional and behavior disorders, other health impairments, and speech or language
impairments report greater rates of victimization than their peers without disabilities
longitudinally and their victimization remains consistent over time. (Reed, Nugent, &
Cooper, 2015), the study effect of mental behavior of a student that lead in suicide.
There is a strong association between bullying and suicide-related behaviors, but this
relationship is often mediated by other factors, including depression, violent behavior,
and substance abuse.

(Copeland et al. 2013). This research is base from U.S about the case
Bullying in childhood and adolescence can have negative consequences for individuals
that follow them into adulthood. A recent study, for instance, found that, as adults,
victims had a higher prevalence of agoraphobia, generalized anxiety, and panic disorder
compared to those who had not been victims, and that bully/victims had an increased
risk of young adult depression, panic disorder, agoraphobia, and sociality. Bullies were
at increased risk for antisocial personality disorder.
Local Literature

According to Dr. David Fassler (2018), Archives of General Psychiatry. A

bullied child may develop traumatic consequences as seen in the child’s poor school
performance, low self-esteem, nervousness, anxiety and sadness or depression. Some
bullying victims who decided to physically fight back the bully. But in the end, these
victims were the ones who got into trouble with school authorities, leaving the bully
unpunished. Fighting back physically should not be the primary option. This bullying
also affects mental behavior and student’s performance of the school.

Judge Feliciano Belmonte Sr. High School (JFBSHS) in Quezon City (2018),
believes that in creating a safe and positive education environment for all learners and
teachers, helping both the bullied and the bully is equally important. “Bullying is a reality,
whether in school or online, that can affect a child in different ways; it is alarming that
many children experience cyber bullying and this calls for urgent action from all
stakeholders involved in responding and preventing violence against children in the
Philippines. bullying prevention and intervention program aims to ensure that learners
have a positive learning climate that is “inclusive and accepting, regardless of ethnicity,
religion, social status, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender experience, age,
or disability.”

Dr. Ma. Lourdes (Honey) A. Carandang (2017) clinical psychologist, National

Social Scientist, and president and founder of MLAC, found out that Incidents of bullying
most likely started first at home. Another truth bomb: “Bullying can happen as early as
one’s pre-school days”. The first incidents of bullying might very well have happened at
home. It could be that a brother is bullying a younger sibling, or that the parents
themselves are already doing verbal abuse to their kids and don’t even know it. Some
families do not see these incidents as bullying as they don’t perceive what’s happening
as such. But these could be affecting an individual already.
References:

https://journalistsresource.org/studies/society/education/youth-bullying-trends-us-research-data/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282425446_School_ethnic_composition_and_bullying_in_C
anadian_schools

https://philippinesgraphic.net/why-bullying-is-not-childs-play/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3618584/

https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/allure/2018/12/30/1880793/how-keep-your-child-being-bullied

https://www.deped.gov.ph/2018/08/23/bullying-prevention-creating-an-inclusive-and-accepting-
school-environment/

http://focusfeature.mb.com.ph/2017/12/10/burden-of-bullying/