First Aid Procedure: Operating Health, Safety and Environment (OHSE) Manual

PT.
Dimas Utama Operating

Health, Safety and Environment
(OHSE) Manual
Code: 02/OHSE-WTD.WLD/PTDU
First Aid Procedure

Oilfield Services SOP 4 - 02
List of Contents
1. Policy............................................................................................................................. 2
2. Scope............................................................................................................................. 2
3. Purpose.......................................................................................................................... 2
4. Reference...................................................................................................................... 2
5. Responsibility................................................................................................................. 2
6. Procedure...................................................................................................................... 2
6.1 First Aid Procedure...............................................................................................2
6.1.1 First Aid In The Field....................................................................................3
6.1.1.1 Emergency Rescue And Transfer................................................3
6.1.1.2 Blanket - Pull Method...................................................................3
6.1.1.3 Severe Bleeding..........................................................................4
6.1.1.4 Pressure Points For Bleeding......................................................4
6.1.1.5 Poisoning.....................................................................................4
6.1.1.6 Contact Poisons Most Often Are Harsh
Chemicals, Corrosives, And Certain Plants..................................5
6.1.1.7 Snakebite.....................................................................................5
6.1.1.8 Shock...........................................................................................6
6.1.1.9 Body Positions For Shock Treatment...........................................7
6.1.1.10 Burns...........................................................................................7
6.1.1.11 Cold Exposure.............................................................................8
6.1.1.12 Frostbite.......................................................................................8
6.1.1.13 Hypothermia................................................................................9
6.1.1.14 Introduction To CPR Techniques................................................10
6.1.1.15 Cold Exposure...........................................................................12
6.1.1.16 Heat Exposure...........................................................................13
6.1.1.17 Alcohol Poisoning......................................................................14
6.1.1.18 Poison By Mouth........................................................................15
6.1.1.19 Fractures...................................................................................16
7. Appendix...................................................................................................................... 16
Date Issued On: Revision No.: Next Revision On: Document Ownership: SECTION
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October 31, 2012 3 October 31, 2015 HSE Department 4
No duplicate of this manual is acceptable without any stamp “controlled copy” and registered in distribution list”
PT. Dimas Utama Operating
(OHSE) Manual
First Aid Procedure

1. Policy
The Health policy and work procedures reflect attitude and commitment in maintaining safe
work practices and efficient operation, and in compliance with clients HSE requirements
applicable to the project & overall job operation.
2. Scope
This procedure is applicable in all PT. Dimas Utama activities on site, office, warehouse, camp,
barge, all onshore and offshore operation.
3. Purpose
This procedure to ensure all health requirement, policy, procedure and implementation has been
done by PT.Dimas Utama activities. That are acceptable as deemed in the health standards
(goverment regulations and also international standards).
4. References
Legislation within this section concretely reflects to as follows:

 Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1970.
 Peraturan Pemerintah No 50 Tahun 2012.
 PT. Dimas Utama CHSEM Chapter 2.
5. Responsibility
All Site Supervisor, HSE Supervisoror and HSE officers are responsible to socialize and
implement this procedure to his/her associates.
6. Procedure
6.1 First Aid Procedure
First aid is the immediate and temporary care given to a person who has been injured or has
suddenly taken ill. Its purpose is to sustain life and to prevent further injury until proper medical
care can be obtained. Properly administered, first aid can save a life between the time an
accident or serious illness occurs and professional help is available.
Incorrect movement or transfer of a person may cause additional injuries, permanent disability,
or death. In an emergency, the person who remains calm, deliberate, and reasonable often
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prevents death or further injury. This section does not offer complete instruction in first aid nor is
it intended to be an extended course in emergency care. It is simply a reference or guide to first
aid in the field where professional medical assistance is not immediately available.
More comprehensive information on first aid is contained in the American Red Cross “Standard
First Aid” manual.
6.1.1 First Aid In The Field
Each Dimas Utama crew must have a qualified first aid person in the absence of an infirmary,
clinic, hospital or physician, reasonably accessible in terms of time and distance from the
worksite. A complete first aid kit must be on the worksite. With each kit, there should be a first
aid textbook, inspect the stock of medicine monthly and regularly with Doc. 4.A First Aid
Equipment Usage And Inspection Form
a plan showing the nearest professional emergency medical treatment facility and the route to
get to it, should be made available to all employees on location. Make every attempt to avoid
further injuries to the victim in your attempt to provide the best possible emergency first aid care.
6.1.1.1 Emergency Rescue And Transfer
Emergency rescue and transfer should be done ONLY by the qualified first aid person when
there is immediate danger to victim or first aider from such hazards as :
1. Fire or explosion
2. Serious traffic hazards
3. Risk of drowning
4. Exposure to severe weather conditions such as extreme heat or cold.
5. Electrical injury
6. Pinning of the victim by machinery or vehicle (first aid can often be given in such cases until
professional first aid people can remove the victim).
Do not transfer the victim until-life threatening problems, such as airway obstruction or
hemorrhage, are taken care of and wounds dressed.
6.1.1.2 Blanket - Pull Method
Where back or neck injuries are not indicated, use the blanket-pull method, keeping the victim
as level as possible.
Where back or neck injuries are suspected, immobilize the victim with a backboard to prevent
further injuries if movement is necessary.
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6.1.1.3 Severe Bleeding
Loss of more than one quart of blood presents a life threatening situations.
A person can bleed to death in less than one minute. The following are some acceptable
procedure to follow if severe bleeding occurs.
 Apply direct pressure with the plan of one hand on a compress of cloth over the entire area
of the wound. Use a thick pad of sterile gauze if possible. In an absolute emergency where
no compresses are available, use the bare hand or fingers.
 If blood soaks through the compress, do not remove it. Instead add to the compress. Press
blood vessels against something solid, such as underlying bone or uninjured tissue,
Continue the pressure until the bleeding stops.
 Secure the compress with a bandage of cloth placed directly over the pad on the wound.
 Elevate the area above the victim’s heart unless there is a fracture.
 Observe for signs of shock and treat accordingly.
6.1.1.4 Pressure Points For Bleeding
Our piquet and digital pressure (thumb or fingers) on pressure point stops vascular bleeding.
Venous bleeding is a steady stream of dark red blood. Control by using pressure either on the
wound directly or at a spot near the injury which is away from the heart.
Arterial bleeding is bright red and flows in spurs. Control by using pressure either on the wound
directly or on the nearest point in the direction of the heart.
As A Last Resort, Application Of A Tourniquet Important things to remember:

 The decision to apply a tourniquet is a decision to sacrifice a limb to save a life WHEN NO
OTHER ALTERNATIVE EXISTS.
 Use a strip of cloth at least two inches wide, wrap twice around the climb, twist the stick until
arterial bleeding stops, and tie it off so it cannot untwist.
 Do Not use thinner material such as wire, rope, or cord.
 Wire down the time and the tourniquet was applied on the patient’s forehead or on the
bandage.
6.1.1.5 Poisoning :
Poisoning generally occurs in one of there ways : by ingestion, thorough contact with various
substances, and by insect bites. In the case of poisoning thorough ingestion, the primary
objective should be to dilute the poisons as quickly as possible. Poisoning by mouth is defined
as the oral entry of any fluid or materials that will harm, slow or stop any or all of the body
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functions or parts. Contact the nearest poison control center by phone for instructions. Then,
induce vomiting as discussed below :
 Hurry. Medical aid is needed immediately. Once the poison enters the blood or system, it is
difficult to treat.
 Dilute the poison by giving fluids. Milk or water are most often available (the universal
antidote is one part strong tea, one part milk of magnesia, and two parts crumbled, burned
toast).
 Using a finger or spoon at the base of the victim’s tongue, induce gagging and vomiting.
However, note the following exceptions : when the victim has been poisoned with strong
acids or alkalis, lye, strychnine, kerosene, oils, or when the victim is in a coma or exhibiting
symptoms of exhaustion or convulsion.
 Be sure to take the bottle or package containing the drug or poison ingested to the hospital
with the victim. Information from the victim or others viewing the incident may also be of
great value.
6.1.1.6 Contact Poisons Most Often Are Harsh Chemicals, Corrosives, And Certain Plants.
Skin burns normally result in these cases. The following are first aid procedures to deal with
situations involving contact poisons :
 Drench and flush the affected skin or eyes for at least fifteen minutes while removing
contaminated clothing and shoes.
 Wash clothing before reuse.
 Continue washing skin with soap and water for at least five minutes.
 If corrosive fluid or pesticide is involved, send for ambulance immediately.
 Keep the victim’s airway open.
 Provide artificial respiration if needed and NEVER leave the victim alone.
 Give the victim ample quantities of water or milk for at least five minutes, unless he is
unconscious of having convulsions. IN THE CASE OF POISONING BY INSECTS, it is
important to know of any allergies the victim may have. Contact with the local poison control
center is extremely important.
6.1.1.7 Snakebite
When snakebite occurs, take the following steps.

 Immobilize the bitten area and keep it at or below the level of the heart.
 Transfer the victim immediately to experienced medical help. If the victim can be taken to a
medical facility within four to five hours and no further symptoms develop, generally no
further first aid is needed.
 If mild-to-moderate symptoms develop, apply a constricting band two-to-four inches above
the bite but not around a joint. The band should be no less than ¾ to 1½ inches wide. Tie
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the band snugly but loose enough for a finger to be slipped underneath. It is not meant to
stop blood circulation, only to slow it down. Check the pulse in the extremity beyond the bite
to ensure that the blood flow has not stopped.
 If severe symptoms develop and you are more than four to five hours from medical help,
revert to your snakebite kit. Do Not use your mouth for suction; THIS COULD BE FATAL TO
YOU.
 Make an incision and apply suction immediately. After the constricting band is in place, cut
into the skin thorough the fang marks using a sharp, sterilized knife. CUT NO DEEPER
THAN JUST THROUGH THE SKIN, and about ½ inch long extending over the venom
deposit point. Cut along the long direction of the limb. Do not cut if bite occurs on the head,
neck, or trunk. Apply suction cup for 30 minutes.
The following area a few more factors to consider in cases of snakebite.

 Remember to watch for shock and to treat the victim as you would for any other shock.
 Identifying the snake will be extremely helpful for further treatment of the victim. If possible,
kill the snake and transport it with the victim.
 Do Not give the victim alcohol, sedatives, aspirin, or any medicine containing aspirin.
6.1.1.8 Shock
Shock is a life-threatening condition resulting from a depressed state of many vital functions. It
can be life-threatening even though the injuries or conditions causing shock may not otherwise
be fatal.
IN ANY ACCIDENT, ALWAYS CHECK FOR SHOCK
Shock may be caused by severe injuries, hemorrhage, burns, or loss of body fluids (prolonged
vomiting or dysentery), infection, hear attack, stroke, poisoning, obstruction in the throat, drugs,
alcohol, or lack of oxygen.
Among the early symptoms of shock are :

a) Skin cold to the touch
b) Pale or bluish skin and cold, moist, bluish nail beds
c) Weakness
d) Rapid pulse (usually over 100)Increased breathing rate and/or shallow breathing
e) Deep, irregular breathing
f) Restlessness, anxiety, or complaint of extreme thirst if shock is connected with
hemorrhage.
Later symptoms include :

 Apathy and relative unresponsiveness
 Sunken eyes
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 Vacant expression
 Widely dilated pupils
 Mottled skin
6.1.1.9 Body Positions For Shock Treatment
Three objectives in the first aid treatment of shock are to improved blood circulation, to ensure
and adequate oxygen supply, and to maintain normal body temperature. These are the steps to
follow.
a) Keep the victim lying down.
b) Cover only enough to prevent the loss of body heat.
c) Raise the feet eight to ten inches.
d) Obtain medical assistance as soon as possible.
e) If the victim is conscious and medical aid will not be available for an hour or more, give the
victim half a glass every 15 minutes of the following solutions : one level teaspoon of salt
and ½ level teaspoon of baking soda in one quart of warm water. Allow the victim to sip the
solutions SLOWLY.
6.1.1.10 Burns
FIRST – DEGREE BURNS are distinguished by redness and discoloration, mild swelling over a
period of several days, or a wet surface due to loss of plasma through the damaged layers of
skin. Second-degree burns usually result from deep sunburn, contact with hot liquids, flash
burns from gasoline, kerosene and the like, and coagulation of skin and destruction of red blood
cells. To treat second-degree burns, immerse in cold water (but NOT ice water) or apply freshly
ironed cloth pads that have been wrung out in ice water until the pain subsides. NEVER ADD
SALT TO THE WATER. Gently blot the area dry with a sterile gauze or clean towel but NEVER
use absorbent cotton. Apply dry, sterile gauze as a dressing.
Do NOT try to break blisters or remove shreds of tissue, and NEVER use and antiseptic
preparation, ointment, spray, or “home remedy’ on a severe burn.
THIRD-DEGREE BURNS may look white or charred and otherwise resemble second-degree
burns. In these cases, there is coagulation of skin and destruction of red blood cells. Such burns
result from flame, ignited clothing, immersion in extremely hot water, or contact with hot objects
or electricity. Often there is no pain with these burns.
In treating third-degree burns, do NOT remove particles of charred clothing. Cover the burned
areas with a sterile dressing. If the hands are affected, keep them higher than the heart. Elevate
burned legs or feet. Make the victim with facial burns sit up, and observe him for breathing
difficulty.
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ELECTRICAL SHOCK OR BURNS presents a special case. Severity of the injury is not easily
defined. It may on the surface appear to be minor. IF ANY doubt exists, seek immediate
professional medical help.
CHEMICAL BURNS are the same as burns caused by flame, steam or hot liquids. As soon as
possible, wash the chemical off completely using a shower or hose, and continue to wash for at
least 15 minutes, while removing clothing from affected areas. Follow first aid directions on the
chemical label. Then give additional first aid as for burns caused by heat.
In the case of ACID BURNS, wash the face eyelids, and eyes thoroughly for 15 minutes or
more. If the victim is lying down, turn his head to the slide and pour water from the inner corner
holding eyelids open. Begin by washing this eye.
Cover the eye with a dry, clean dressing. Never rub the eye. Get medical help.
6.1.1.11 Cold Exposure
Freezing is accelerated by wind and humidity. Injury caused by cold, dry air is less than that
caused by cold, moist air or exposure to cold air while wearing wet clothing. Fatigue, smoking,
drinking of alcoholic beverages, emotional stress and the presence of wounds or fractures
intensify the harmful effects of cold. When a person is poorly protected and exposed to cold for
a long period, the body temperature will fall. DEATH CAN RESULT. The victim of exposure
becomes sleepy and numb, movement is difficult, and eyesight fails, and eyesight fails. The
person may stagger or fall; finally, becomes unconscious.
6.1.1.12 Frostbite
Frostbite occurs most often in the nose and on cheeks, ear, toes, and fingers. Just before
frostbite results, the affected area may be slightly flushed. The skin changes to white or grayish
yellow as the condition develops.
Pain is felt early but subsides. Occasionally there is no pain. The affected area feels cold and
numb. Often the victim does not know he or she has frostbite until they observe pale, glossy
skin.
The following is the recommended treatment for frostbite:

1) Bring the victim indoors as quickly as possible and remove wet or cold clothing.
2) Re-warm Frozen parts of the skin QUICKLY by immersing in warm-but not hot-water. Test
the water on the inner surface of the forearm before immersion.
3) Give the victim something warm-but NOT hot or alcoholic-to drink 4. If warm water is not
available, cover the affective area loosely and provide extra clothing and blankets. Warm
stones or water bottles may be used. Be especially careful not to burn the victim.
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NEVER, UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES, RUB A FROSTBITTEN AREA WITH SNOW. The
victim of frostbite or exposure to extreme cold must be kept warm after first aid. Anyone who
has suffered ill effects from heat or cold should be given medical attention.
The wind chill chart shows how wind can increase the chill effect of cold air. Beware of the effect
of wind chill and take necessary precautions
Recent medical research has indicated that victim who in the past have been considered
beyond help, may be saved despite long submergence in cold water or exposure to extreme
cold and despite the absence of any sign of life. This is particularly true if the water is cold (70ºF
or lower) and the victim is young.
Sudden face contact with cold water sometimes touches off a primitive response called the
“mammalian diving reflex”. This complex series of body responses shuts off blood circulation to
most parts of the body except the heart, lungs, and brain. Thus, what little oxygen remains in
the blood gets transported to the brain where it is most needed. Even though there may be very
little oxygen in the blood, it can be enough since the cooled brain requires much less oxygen
than normal. BY ITSELF, THE DIVING RESPONSE WILL NOT PROTECT EVERYONE.
Survival depends upon:

1. Self-protection
2. How long the person is under water or exposed to cold
3. How cold the water or weather is
4. The victim’s age
5. How well the rescuers do their jobs.
6.1.1.13 Hypothermia
In cases of hypothermia, preserving body heat is the single most important factor.
Ways to achieve this are as follows :
1. Wear thermal jackets that can double as wet suits and can retain body heat.
2. Protect inner thighs, neck, stomach, armpits and inner arms, sides of the torso, and scalp (if
possible).
3. Take the proper position in the water, which is to bring the knees to the chest, wrap the
hands around ankles, and float quietly and gently. DO NOT THRASH AROUND.
Acute hypothermia-sudden face and body contact with cold water (below 70ºf).
Chronic hypothermia – exposure to extreme cold water or climate over an extended period,
such as working in cold temperatures.
extreme hypothermia-core (body rectal) temperature of 92ºf or below, usually after being in
water below 70ºf for several minutes. the symptoms that appear with slight hypothermia (above
92ºf or under 97ºf) are shivering, slow reactions, and stupor but not unconsciousness.
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With EXTREME hypothermia, the symptoms are no shivering, core (body rectal) temperatures
of 92ºF or below, unconsciousness, skin blue and cold to the touch, eyes perhaps fixed or
dilated, and no sign of life.
First aid treatment for slight hypothermia is as follows :
1. Rewarm by any method, such as submerging the body trunk in hot water with arms and legs
out of the water.
2. Do not submerge the body AND extremities at the same time. When treating extreme
hypothermia :
a) Do Not rewarm. This may harm the victim.
b) Maintain body heat by removing wet clothes and wrapping in a blanket.
c) Handle very gently with no jostling.
IF THE VICTIM HAS BEEN IN COLD WATER AND BREATHING HAS STOPPED, BEGIN
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION IMMEDIATELY. If the heart has stopped, start external heart
massage (CPR) in combination with artificial respiration. Do Not give up on resusitating a victim
exposed to cold water. Keep working with him until you reach medical facilities as quickly as
possible. A victim may appear dead when he is not. If drowning is involved, do NOT attempt to
remove water from the lungs. Continue artificial respiration (and CPR if the heart has stopped).
Never use alcohol in the treatment of hypothermia.
6.1.1.14 Introduction To CPR Techniques
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies,

including heart attack or near drowning, in which someone's breathing or heartbeat has
stopped. The American Heart Association recommends (*2010 regulation) that everyone —
untrained bystanders and medical personnel alike — begin CPR with chest compressions.
It's far better to do something than to do nothing at all if you're fearful that your knowledge or
abilities aren't 100 percent complete. Remember, the difference between your doing something
and doing nothing could be someone's life.
Here's advice from the American Heart Association:
 Untrained. If you're not trained in CPR, then provide hands-only CPR. That means
uninterrupted chest compressions of about 100 a minute until paramedics arrive (described
in more detail below). You don't need to try rescue breathing.
 Trained, and ready to go. If you're well trained and confident in your ability, begin with
chest compressions instead of first checking the airway and doing rescue breathing. Start
CPR with 30 chest compressions before checking the airway and giving rescue breaths.
 Trained, but rusty. If you've previously received CPR training but you're not confident in
your abilities, then just do chest compressions at a rate of about 100 a minute. (Details
described below.)
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When the heart stops, the lack of oxygenated blood can cause brain damage in only a few
minutes. A person may die within eight to 10 minutes.
Before starting CPR, check:

 Is the person conscious or unconscious?
 If the person appears unconscious, tap or shake his or her shoulder and ask loudly, "Are you
OK?"
 If the person doesn't respond and two people are available, one should call the local
emergency number and one should begin CPR. If you are alone and have immediate
access to a telephone, call local emergency number before beginning CPR — unless you
think the person has become unresponsive because of suffocation (such as from drowning).
In this special case, begin CPR for one minute and then call the local emergency number.
Remember to spell C-A-B

The American Heart Association uses the acronym of CAB — circulation, airway, breathing — to
help people remember the order to perform the steps of CPR.
Circulation: Restore blood circulation with chest compressions

a) Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface.
b) Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders.
c) Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest, between the nipples. Place
your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your
shoulders directly above your hands.
d) Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress)
the chest at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters). Push hard at a rate of about 100
compressions a minute.
e) If you haven't been trained in CPR, continue chest compressions until there are signs of
movement or until emergency medical personnel take over. If you have been trained in
CPR, go on to checking the airway and rescue breathing.
Airway: Clear the airway

1. If you're trained in CPR and you've performed 30 chest compressions, open the person's
airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver. Put your palm on the person's forehead and
gently tilt the head back. Then with the other hand, gently lift the chin forward to open the
airway.
2. Check for normal breathing, taking no more than five or 10 seconds. Look for chest motion,
listen for normal breath sounds, and feel for the person's breath on your cheek and ear.
Gasping is not considered to be normal breathing. If the person isn't breathing normally and
you are trained in CPR, begin mouth-to-mouth breathing. If you believe the person is
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unconscious from a heart attack and you haven't been trained in emergency procedures,
skip mouth-to-mouth rescue breathing and continue chest compressions.
Breathing: Breathe for the person

Rescue breathing can be mouth-to-mouth breathing or mouth-to-nose breathing if the mouth is
seriously injured or can't be opened.
1. With the airway open (using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver), pinch the nostrils shut for
mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with yours, making a seal.
2. Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath — lasting one second —
and watch to see if the chest rises. If it does rise, give the second breath. If the chest
doesn't rise, repeat the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver and then give the second breath. Thirty
chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths is considered one cycle.
3. Resume chest compressions to restore circulation.
4. If the person has not begun moving after five cycles (about two minutes) and an automatic
external defibrillator (AED) is available, apply it and follow the prompts. Administer one
shock, then resume CPR — starting with chest compressions — for two more minutes
before administering a second shock. If you're not trained to use an AED, other emergency
medical operator may be able to guide you in its use. Use pediatric pads, if available.
5. Continue CPR until there are signs of movement or emergency medical personnel take
over.
6.1.1.15 Cold Exposure
Choose rain clothing that is waterproof against wind-driven rain and cover head,neck, body, and
legs. Polyurethane-coated nylon is best. The coatings will not last forever. Inspect carefully and
test under a cold shower before you leave home. Ponchos are poor protection in wind. Take
woolen clothing for hypothermia weather, including 2-piece woolen underwear or long wool
pants and sweater or shirt. Include a knit cap that can protect neck and chin. Cotton underwear
is useless when wet. Use your weather gear designed for marine operations to ward off the
effects of hypothermia.
Carry trail food, such as nuts, jerky, and candy, and keep nibbling during hypothermia weather.
1. Do not wait for an emergency. Use these items to avoid or minimize exposure.
2. You will lose control of your hands.
This is hypothermia. Your internal temperature is sliding downward. Without treatment, the slide
leads to stupor, collapse, and death.
a) Your First Line Of Defense: Avoid Exposure

 Stay dry. When clothes get wet, they lose about 90% of their insulating value Wool loses
less; cotton, down, and synthetics lose more.
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 Beware of the wind. A slight breeze carries heat away from bare skin much faster than still
air. Wind drives cold air under and through clothing. Wind refrigerates wet clothes by
evaporating moisture from the surface. Wind multiplies the problem of staying dry.
 Understand cold. Most hypothermia cases develop in air temperatures between 30 and 50
degrees. Most outdoorsmen simply do not believe such temperatures can be dangerous.
They fatally underestimate the danger of being wet at such temperatures.
Never ignore shivering. Persistent or violent shivering is a clear warning that you are on the
verge of hypothermia. Get to a vehicle with a heater. Forestall exhaustion. Make a stop while
you still have a reserve of energy. Allow for the fact that exposure greatly reduces your normal
endurance. You may think you are doing fine when the fact that you are exercising is the only
thing preventing your going into hypothermia. If you are exhausted, stop, however briefly.
a) Your rate of body heat production instantly drops by 50% or more.
b) Violent, incapacitating shivering may begin immediately.
c) You may slip into hypothermia in a matter of minutes.
b) Your Last Line of Defense, Treatment.

The victim may deny he is trouble. Believe the symptoms, not the patient. Even mild symptoms
demand immediate, drastic treatment.
1. Get the victim out of the wind and rain.
2. Strip off all wet clothes.
3. If the patient is only middy impaired:
 Give him warm drinks.
 Get him into dry clothes and a warm sleeping bag or space blanket. Well-wrapped,
warm, (not hot) rocks or canteens will hasten recovery.
4. If the patient is semiconscious or worse:
 Try to keep him awake. Give warm drinks.
 Leave him stripped. Put him in a sleeping bag with pre-warmed blankets, plus space
blanket. Change blankets frequently.
5. Seek medical attention as soon as possible.
6.1.1.16 Heat Exposure
a) Heat Stroke
Symptoms:
1. Red, flushed face
2. Strong, rapid pulse
3. Hot, dry skin
4. Temperature of 106º - 109ºF
5. Headache, nausea
6. Possible unconsciousness
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Treatment:
1. Lay down and elevate head and chest.
2. Remove clothing and bathe body in isopropyl alcohol or lukewarm water to cool.
3. If the victim is conscious, give him sips of a mixture containing a pint of water and a
teaspoon of salt.
4. Secure medical assistance.
b) Heat Exhaustion
Symptoms :
1. Pale face
2. Weak, rapid pulse
3. Cool, moist skin
4. Below normal temperature
5. Headache, nausea
6. Generally conscious
Treatment :
1. Lay down and elevate feet and legs.
2. Loosen clothing but keep warm.
3. If the victim is conscious give him sips of a mixture containing a pint of water and a
teaspoon of salt.
4. Seek medical assistance.
6.1.1.17 Alcohol Poisoning
Immediate first aid is not necessary if the following symptoms are evident:
1. Sleeping quietly
2. Normal face color
3. Normal breathing
4. Regular pulse
Obtain immediate medical treatment if the following symptoms are evident:
1. Sign of shock
2. Clammy, cold skin
3. Rapid and thread pulse
4. Irregular breathing
5. No response
Treatment
1. Keep victim’s airway open.
2. Treat victim for shock, if indicated.
3. Give victim artificial respiration only if indicated
4. If victim is unconscious, place him in the coma position. This guarantees good respiration.
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(OHSE) Manual
First Aid Procedure

Note: An intoxicated person can at times be violent; take care to prevent him from injuring
himself or others.
6.1.1.18 Poison By Mouth
If a non-corrosive poison has been ingested (i.e, barbiturates, aspirin, ant paste, or roach
powder):
1. Dilute poison as quickly as possible with water or milk unless the victim is unconscious or
having convulsions. Give three or four glasses to an adult and one or two glasses to a child.
2. Contact the poison Control Center or a physician for instructions. If indicated, induce
vomiting. Insert the blunt of a spoon or your finger into the back of the victim’s mouth. Use
Ipecac syrup, if a available, and give the dosage prescribed on the label. To prevent the
victim choking on his vomit us, hold his head face down below his hips. Save a sample of
the vomit us as well as the poison container.
3. Contact the poison Control Center or a physician
4. Maintain respiration and circulation.
5. Treat for shock, if indicated.
If a corrosive poison has been ingested (i.e. strong acid or alkali) :

1. Dilute poison as quickly as possible with water or milk unless the victim is unconscious or
having convulsions. Give two glasses to an adult and one glass to a child. Egg white in
water or cooking oil may then be given. If a strong alkali has been ingested (i,e., drain
cleaner, lye, ammonia, blench, or laundry detergent), give water and vinegar or lemon juice.
2. Do not induce vomiting.
3. Contact the Poison Control Center or a physician.
5. Treat for shock if indicated.
If a petroleum product or turpentine has been ingested :
1. Dilute poison as quickly as possible with four ounces of mineral oil, if available. Give milk or
water unless the victim is unconscious or having convulsions. Give two glasses to an adult
and one glass to a child.
2. Do not induce vomiting.
3. Contact the Poison Control Center or a physician.
5. Treat for shock if indicated.
6.1.1.19 Fractures
Three types of fractures can occur:
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(OHSE) Manual
First Aid Procedure

1. A compound fracture is a fracture with an open wound extending from the break to the outer
skin.
2. A simple fracture is a break in a bone without an open wound.
3. A comminuted fracture is a bone broken in small pieces (shattered). The break can be
closed or open.
Signs and symptoms of a fracture include.
1. Swelling and numbness
2. Deformity
3. Tenderness to the touch and pain on motion.
4. Muscle spasms
a) First Aid For Fractures :

1. Treat all bone injuries as fracture.
2. Splint and bandage to keep broken ends and adjacent joints from moving.
3. Treat muscle and joint strains and sprains similar to fractures. FRACTURES see next page.
4. Treat back injuries as a broken back or neck. If movement or transportation is absolutely
necessary, move the body as a unit, avoiding twisting or turning the trunk. If possible, hold
victim’s head and trunk in traction while placing on stretcher. Transport only on a rigid
implement.
5. Give no stimulant to a person with a suspected head injury. Support the victim’s head with a
pillow, cushion, or other soft material to prevent further internal head injury.
6. Control the bleeding of a compound fracture by gentle direct pressure on a clean dressing
over the wound. If the bleeding is or has been so severe as to threaten life, apply a
tourniquet loosely above the wound. Use tourniquet only as a last resort to save a life.
7. Remember : do not move broken, dislocated, sprained, or strained members more than
what is absolutely necessary.
7. Appendixes
Page 16 of 16

First Aid Procedure: Operating Health, Safety and Environment (OHSE) Manual

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Dimas Utama Operating

First Aid Procedure

First Aid Procedure

Legislation within this section concretely reflects to as follows:

First Aid Procedure

6.1.1 First Aid In The Field

6.1.1.1 Emergency Rescue And Transfer

6.1.1.2 Blanket - Pull Method

First Aid Procedure

6.1.1.3 Severe Bleeding

6.1.1.4 Pressure Points For Bleeding

As A Last Resort, Application Of A Tourniquet Important things to remember:

First Aid Procedure

When snakebite occurs, take the following steps.

First Aid Procedure

The following area a few more factors to consider in cases of snakebite.

Among the early symptoms of shock are :

Later symptoms include :

First Aid Procedure

6.1.1.9 Body Positions For Shock Treatment

First Aid Procedure

6.1.1.11 Cold Exposure

The following is the recommended treatment for frostbite:

First Aid Procedure

Survival depends upon:

First Aid Procedure

6.1.1.14 Introduction To CPR Techniques

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique useful in many emergencies,

First Aid Procedure

Before starting CPR, check:

Remember to spell C-A-B

Circulation: Restore blood circulation with chest compressions

Airway: Clear the airway

First Aid Procedure

Breathing: Breathe for the person

6.1.1.15 Cold Exposure

a) Your First Line Of Defense: Avoid Exposure

First Aid Procedure

b) Your Last Line of Defense, Treatment.

6.1.1.16 Heat Exposure

First Aid Procedure

6.1.1.17 Alcohol Poisoning

First Aid Procedure

6.1.1.18 Poison By Mouth

If a corrosive poison has been ingested (i.e. strong acid or alkali) :

Three types of fractures can occur:

First Aid Procedure

a) First Aid For Fractures :

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