High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering

High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering

CS 450: Introduction to Digital Signal and Image Processing

Bryan Morse
BYU Computer Science
High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Introduction

Sharpening

Blurring is low-pass filtering, so deblurring is high-pass filtering.

� Explicit high-pass filtering

� Unsharp Masking
� Deconvolution
� Edge Detection

Tradeoff:
� Reduces blur, but
� Increases noise
High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Introduction

High-Pass Filtering

�
1 if u > uc
Ideal: H(u) =
0 otherwise

1 2 /u 2
Gaussian: H(u) = 1 − e− 2 u c

1
Butterworth: H(u) = n
1+(uc 2 /u 2 )
High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Introduction

High-Pass Filters

Ideal

Butterworth

Gaussian
High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Ideal Filters

Ideal Filters and Ringing

High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Ideal Filters

Ideal Filters and Ringing (cont’d)

High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Ideal Filters

Ideal Filters and Ringing

High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Gaussian Filters

Gaussian High-Pass Filters

1 2 /u 2
H(u) = 1 − e− 2 u c

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

20 40 60 80 100 120

Sound familiar?
This is what we did with unsharp masking to get the edges!
High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Gaussian Filters

Gaussian High-Pass Filters

High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Gaussian Filters

High-Boost Filtering

H(u) = 1 + α HP(u)
� HP(u) is a high-pass filter
� α controls how much to boost the higher frequencies
2
1.75
1.5
1.25
1
0.75
0.5
0.25

20 40 60 80 100 120

This is why unsharp masking in the spatial domain works!

High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Butterworth Filters

Butterworth High-Pass Filter

Controllable sharpness of the frequency-domain cutoff uc :

1
H(u) = n
1 + (uc 2 /u 2 )
1 1

0.8 0.8

0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2

20 40 60 80 100 120 20 40 60 80 100 120

� The “cutoff” frequency uc controls where the cutoff occurs.

� The parameter n controls the sharpness of the cutoff.
High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Butterworth Filters

Butterworth High-Pass Filters

High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Band-Pass Filters

Band-Pass Filtering

Tradeoff: Blurring vs. Noise

� Low-pass reduces noise but accentuates blurring
� High-pass reduces blurring but accentuates noise

A compromise:
Band-boost filtering boosts certain midrange freqencies and
partially corrects for blurring, but does not boost the very high
(most noise corrupted) frequencies.
High-­‐Pass  and  Band-­‐Pass  Filtering  
 

 
 

Band-­‐Pass  Filtering  
 

Band-Pass: Frequency Domain

(http://paulbourke.net/miscellaneous/imagefilter/)
Band-­‐Pass  Filtering  
High-­‐Pass  and  Band-­‐Pass  Filtering  
 

Band-Pass: Space Domain

(http://paulbourke.net/miscellaneous/imagefilter/)
High-­‐Pass  and  Band-­‐Pass  Filtering  
 

High-­‐Pass  Filtering  Example  

 

Ideal (Sharp) Cut-Off: Note Ringing Smooth cut-off: ringing reduced

(http://paulbourke.net/miscellaneous/imagefilter/)
High-Pass and Band-Pass Filtering
Summary

Summary: Filtering

Consider what you want to do in the frequency domain

(the shape of the filter)

Convert signal to/from Convert filter to equivalent

frequency domain convolution operations

THEN THEN

Implement in the Implement in the

frequency domain spatial domain