The effect of social networking sites on academic

performances of college students at Arellano University

Pasig

Submitted by:

Maria Belarmin yaco

Johnvel Tabernilla

Ivy rivera

Rainamil de leon

Ruth deloy

1
 Abstract

Title: the effect of social networking sites on academic

performances of college students at Arellano University

Pasig City

Researchers:

Maria Belarmin yaco

Johnvel Tabernilla

Ivy rivera

Rainamil de leon

Ruth deloy

School: Arellano University Pasig City

School year: 2013-2014

Adviser: Prof. Abegail Alamillo

This study sought to look into the effect of social networking sites on

academic performances of college students at Arellano University Pasig City

Specially, the study answered the profil of the respondents in terms of

name, age, gender and year level.

2
The locale of the study was limited to the college students of Arellano

University Pasig City.

Summary:

1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

37 percent of the respondents are female and the remaining 63 percent

are males. 57 percent are within the age range of 16 to 19 years old, 40

percent are within the age bracket of 20 to 23 years old and the

remaining 3 percent are currently within the age bracket of 24 to 28

years old. 43 percent are currently in 3rd year college, followed by 33

percent of 1st year college students, and then 17 percent are currently

2nd year students and the remaining 7 percent are 4th year college

students

2. Effects of social networking sites

The effect of social networking sites on social aspects a mean of 4.37

which is greater than the mean of effects on academic performance as

it scored lower at 4.36.

3
Conclusion:

1. Majority of the respondents belong to the age bracket of 196 to 19

years of age. The dominant genders of the respondents are male and

most Year Level of the respondents is in 3rd Year.

2. The effect of social networking sites on social aspects a mean of 4.37

which is greater than the mean of effects on academic performance as

it scored lower at 4.36.

Recommendation:

1. Since social networking sites are now the most influenced on the

students in terms of different aspects, the researchers recommend that

the students should have the proper time management to maintain the

proper balance on school and build a good relationship with others.

2. Since the academic performances of the students is one of the affected

aspects of spending a lot of time on social networking sites, students

should use it in a useful way such as reading informative blogs and

posts which is credited or validated with professionals, and also reading

a useful information posted by known group or organization.

4
 Acknowledgement

The researchers would like to express their gratefulness and gratitude to

those who have shown their support, help, contribution and encouragement.

The researchers would like to give thanks and appreciation to the following:

To our dearest guardians , for supporting us all the way so we can finish

the study.

To our adviser, Prof. Abegail Alamillo , who generously listened to our

endless questions.

To our friends Marifat and Jess for letting us stay overnight on their

apartment ,helping us edit every mistake on our research papers, and giving

and enhance our ideas to make this paper a better one

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 Table of Contents

Page

Title page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Acknowledgement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Table of contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

The Problem and its Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Hypothesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Significance of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Theoretical framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Scope and limitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Definition of terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Chapter2 studies and literature review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Foreign literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Foreign studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

6
Local literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Local studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Synthesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Chapter3 reseach mothopdology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Sampling Technique and Number of Respondents . . . . . . 39

Research Locale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Respondents of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Research Instrument . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Statistical Treatment of Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

Chapter 4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

Table 1 ............................... 43

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Age of Respondents

Table 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Gender of the Respondents

Table 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Year Level of the Respondents

Table 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Effects of social networking sites to the Students of Arellano University on

Social aspect

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Table 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

Effects of social networking sites to the Students of Arellano University on

academic performances

Chapter 5 Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Recommendation: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

8
 Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

In our present generation, social networking sites are the fastest and

easiest way to connect or to communicate other people whether they are near

or far from you. By these sites you can post anything you want such as photos,

videos, and words that you can’t tell personally and you want the word to

know. Social networking sites such as facebook, twitter and thumblr are very

useful to the youth because they will be updated on what is happening to our

country and even to the world. One of the advantages of these sites is that,

you can upgrade your mind and knowledge by reading informative and useful

blogs posted by others. Social networking sites is not just for connecting

people, it’s also have different addictive application that the youths might

spend their time instead of doing some important things like homeworks,

school projects and studying their lesson. These sites are very useful for the

people with low self-esteem, they using these sites to make friends, and also

for dating. On the other hand, these sites have a serious disadvantage.

Cyberbullying already exists in our generation; it has negative effects to the

teens and children especially to those people with low self-esteem. It has an

effect to the performance of the victims in the school performances, it can also

affect to social development of the victim especially when it comes to making

1
9
friends with others because they might think that people around them hates

them, and the worst is, victim might commit suicide due to severe depression.

A social networking site is a platform to build social networks or social

relations among people who, for example, share interest, activities,

backgrounds, real life connections. A social network service consists of a

representation of each user (often profile) his/her social links, and the variety

of additional services. Most social network services are web-based and provide

means for users to interact over the internet, such as e-mail and instant

messaging. Online community services are sometimes considered as a social

network service though in a broader sense, social network service usually

means an individual centered service where as online community services are

group centered. Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, pictures,

post, activities, events, and interest with people in their network.

The main types of social networking services are those that contain

category places (such as former school year or classmates) , means to connect

with friends (usually with self-description pages), and a recommendation link

to trust. Popular methods now combine many of this, with American based

services such as facebook, google+, tumblr and twitter widely used worldwide.

Facebook is an online social networking service. Its name stems from

the colloquial name for the book given to students at the start of the academic

year by some American university administration to help students to get to

10
know each other. Facebook was founded in February 2004 by Mark Zuckerberg

with his college roommates and fellow Harvard University students Eduardo

Saverin, Andrew McCollum, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes.

Facebook is one of the most famous sites today. You can post there

anything you want such as images, videos, and blogs. The majority of the

member who registered to this site are teens and children. It can help them to

improve their mind by watching useful videos and reading informative blogs,

but somehow, it also negative effect to them because of some videos that they

may watch are unhealthy such as violence and pornography.

This study aimed to discover the effect of social networking sites to

college students of Arellano University – Pasig, especially to the academic

performances of the student.

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Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine the effects of social networking sites on

Arellano University college students.

Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following questions.

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents according to:

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

2. What are the effects of social networking sites to Arellano University

College students terms of the following aspects:

2.1 Social aspects

2.2 Academic performances

Hypothesis

There is no significant difference between the effects of academic

performances of college students of Arellano University Pasig when it

comes to social networking site

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Significance of the Study

The study is significant because it attempts to determine the effects of

social networking site on academic performances of college students at

Arellano University Pasig. The results of the study may provide them insights

on how social networking affects there academic performances. This is

important for college students who are constantly using social networking

sites.

Theoretical Framework

Social cognitive theory, used in psychology, education, and

communication, posits that portions of an individual's knowledge acquisition

can be directly related to observing others within the context of social

interactions, experiences, and outside media influences. In other words, people

do not learn new behaviors solely by trying them and either succeeding or

failing, but rather, the survival of humanity is dependent upon the replication

of the actions of others. Depending on whether people are rewarded or

punished for their behavior and the outcome of the behavior, that behavior

may be modeled. Further, media provide models for a vast array of people in

many different environmental settings.

The theoretical basis for this study is the Henry Tajfel’s “social identity

theory”, social perception theory and Leaon festinger’s theory of cognitive

13
dissonance. The social identity theory introduced the concept of a social

identity as a way in which to explain intergroup behavior.

Social identity theory is best described as a theory that predicts certain

intergroup behaviors on the basis of perceived group status differences, the

perceived legitimacy and stability of those status differences, and the

perceived ability to move from one group to another. This contrasts with

occasions where the term social identity theory is used to refer to general

theorizing about human social. Moreover, and although some researchers have

treated it as such, social identity theory was never intended to be a general

theory of social categorization. It was awareness of the limited scope of social

identity theory that led John Turner and colleagues to develop a cousin theory

in the form of self-categorization theory, which built on the insights of social

identity theory to produce a more general account of self and group

processes. The term social identity approach, or social identity perspective, is

suggested for describing the joint contributions of both social identity theory

and self-categorization theory.

Social perception is that part of perception that allows people to

understand the other people in their social world. This sort of perception is

defined as a social cognition which is the ability of the brain to store and

process information. Social perception allows individuals to make judgments

and impressions about other people. It is primarily based on observation,

although pre-existing knowledge influences how we perceive an observation.

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 Social perception gives individuals the tools to recognize how others

affect their personal lives. They help individuals to form impressions of others

by providing the necessary information about how people usually behave

across situations. One proposal to explain how social perceptions provides

information needed for impression formation is by approaching the behavior

with an implicit personality theory outlook. Implicit personality theories state

that if an individual observes certain traits in another person, s/he tends to

assume that his or her other personality traits are concurrent with the initial

trait. These assumptions help us to make quick judgments about the character

of an individual. It also helps us to "categorize" people so that we can infer

additional information about them and predict their behavior.

Social perception refers to the initial stages in which people process

information in order to determine another individual's mind-set and intentions.

It is combined with the cognitive ability to pay attention to and interpret a

range of different social factors that may include: verbal messages, tone, non-

verbal behavior, and knowledge of social relationships and an understanding of

social goals. Social perception is a key component of social interaction and

social skills. A key aspect of social interaction is the process of figuring out

what others are thinking and feeling which is also referred to as Theory of

Mind (ToM).

Another theory is the cognitive dissonance is the discomfort experienced

when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions: ideas, beliefs,

15
values or emotional reactions. In a state of dissonance, people may sometimes

feel "disequilibrium": frustration, hunger, dread, guilt, anger, embarrassment,

anxiety, etc. The phrase was coined by Leon Festinger in his 1956 book When

Prophecy Fails, which chronicled the followers of a UFO cult as reality clashed

with their fervent belief in an impending apocalypse. Festinger subsequently

(1957) published a book called A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance in which he

outlines the theory. Cognitive dissonance is one of the most influential and

extensively studied theories in social psychology.

The theory of cognitive dissonance in social psychology proposes that

people have a motivational drive to reduce dissonance by altering existing

cognitions, adding new ones to create a consistent belief system, or

alternatively by reducing the importance of any one of the dissonant

elements. Cognitive dissonance is the distressing mental state that people feel

when they "find themselves doing things that don't fit with what they

know, or having opinions that do not fit with other opinions they hold." A key

assumption is that people want their expectations to meet reality, creating a

sense of equilibrium. Likewise, another assumption is that a person will avoid

situations or information sources that give rise to feelings of uneasiness, or

dissonance.

Cognitive dissonance theory explains human behavior by positing that

people have a bias to seek consonance between their expectations and reality.

According to Festinger, people engage in a process he termed "dissonance

16
reduction," which can be achieved in one of three ways: lowering the

importance of one of the discordant factors, adding consonant elements, or

changing one of the dissonant factors. This bias sheds light on otherwise

puzzling, irrational, and even destructive behavior.

17
Scope and Limitations

The study limits itself on the study of effect of social networking sites on

academic performance of college students of Arellano University Pasig.the

study attempts to determines on how frequent do respondents use social

networking sites. The data gathered and presented in the study are limited

from those obtained from selected fifty college students.

Definition of Terms

For clarification and appreciation of the present study, the following

terms are defined.

Academic performances generally refers to how well a student is

accomplishing his or her tasks and studies, but there are quite a number

of factors that determine the level and quality of students' academic

performance.

Social networking sites is a platform to build social networks or

social relations among people who, for example, share interest,

activities, backgrounds, real life connections. A social network service

consists of a representation of each user (often profile) his/her social

links, and the variety of additional services.

College students a person formally engaged in learning, especially are

enrolled in a school or college.

18
Effect is something that is produced by an agency or cause, result,

consequence.

Behavior is the actions by which a person adjusts to his environment.

Social role is a defined pattern of behavior that is expected of person

in a given setting or group.

Cyberbullying is blustering, quarrelsome, overbearing person who

habitually badgers and intimidates smaller or weaker people though

online.

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 Chapter 2

STUDIES AND LITERATURE REVIEW

Foreign literature

Barnes (1954) indicates that Social Network Theory views social

relationships in terms of nodes and ties. Social Network is a social structure

made up of individuals (or organizations) called “nodes”, which are tied

(connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as

friendship, kinship, common interest, financial exchange, likes/dislikes, or

relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige.

Moreover Abhyankar (2011) pointed out that from the very beginning;

human beings always associated themselves to some form of social structure

as they evolved across generations. All human beings crave social life, but not

all can have time and resources to enjoy social circle where they can

communicate, collaborate and freely express themselves with like-minded

peers for satisfying their different needs like security, assets, skills,

relationships, science and technology, events, politics, history, literature, art,

etc. There is no end to the list of fundamental principles that can drive people

to create platforms for communication and interaction, mutually beneficial for

the whole community.

According to Abhyankar (2011), “Social Network” is an online

community where people across the globe (irrespective of demographic and

20
geographical differences) can develop network with different organizations or

individuals for a specific purpose. It creates a chain of linked/connected

entities (individuals/organizations, communities, forums, groups etc.) like a

tree with multiple branches and nodes. These branches are

the various groups, communities, forums etc. that an individual intends

to join. Hence, a social network represents relationships between nodes

(people) and flows between the branches (groups, communities, forums,

organizations etc.)

DiMicco and Millen (2007) adds that Social network sites have been

widely studied from a consumer perspective despite huge investment by many

organizations in social technology, and a number of high profile failures and

embarrassments stemming from their use. Of the few existing studies of social

network site use in organizations, there are a couple looking at the uses of

public social network sites (such as Facebook and LinkedIn) in an

organizational context. Skeels and Grudin 2009), and a handful more looking at

uses of private, internal sites (Brzozowski, 2009).

A social networking service is an online service, platform, or site that

focuses on building and reflecting of social networks or social relations among

people, who, for example, share interests and/or activities. A social network

service consists of a representation of each user (often a profile), his/her social

links, and a variety of additional services. Most social network services are

web-based and provide means for users to interact over the Internet, such as

21
e-mail and instant messaging. Online community services are sometimes

considered as a social network service, though in a broader sense, social

network service usually means an individual-centered service whereas online

community services are group-centered. Social networking sites allow users to

share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their individual networks.

Social media are becoming increasingly popular among politicians and

their organizations as a means to disseminate political messages, learn about

the interests and needs of constituents and the broader public, raise funds,

and build networks of support. These activities often take place on privately

run social networking sites that allow political figures and institutions to

communicate with the public in unmediated, high-profile fora. In Canada,

many parliamentarians have created accounts on popular sites such as

Facebook, Twitter, and MySpace and Flickr. The content posted on these sites

may relate to policy issues and the official work of politicians or to aspects of

their personal lives (Clark, 2010).

Some people argue that social media remove barriers to collective

action and empower citizens to influence and monitor the work of policy-

makers by offering a low-cost and, in some cases, more personal and

compelling means of raising funds, spreading information and recruiting

supporters from a broad range of backgrounds. In addition, some note that, by

enabling people to connect across long distances, new information and

22
communication technologies, including social media, have been instrumental in

the growth of transnational political movements.

However, results of a recent Nanos poll suggest that social media–based

political activism remains at the fringes in Canada (Clark, 2010). According to

these findings, approximately 50% of Canadians believe that Facebook groups

should have minimal to no impact on government, and approximately 30%

have a negative to somewhat negative view of the use of Facebook groups to

share ideas and mobilize activity. At the same time, others argue that these

numbers are promising, given that the culture of

Social media activism is still at an early stage in its development; they

emphasize that, according to the same poll, approximately 30% of Canadians

held a positive or somewhat positive view of Facebook-based campaigns.

Young people in Canada demonstrate low levels of trust and interest in

political institutions and representatives, and are less likely to vote and join

political parties than previous cohorts of young Canadians. Because young

people are avid users of social media, these technologies are often discussed

as one possible means by which young people may become more engaged in

the democratic process. Proponents of this argument also note that young

people expect immediacy and interactivity when communicating, an

assumption that might be better accommodated by social media tools than by

the complex, bureaucratic communication channels of many governing

institutions.

23
 The use of social networking as a public relations tool is certainly a

nothings among organizations. The velocity and accessibility brought by these

sites when it comes to information is truly impeccable. A lot of things may still

come up in the future, but as for now, if you want your business to get

noticed, you may want to use social media. The dawn of the Internet as an

innovation in itself has probably propelled lot of changes and advancements in

a lot of sectors. Through the websites that they put up, they are able to inform

people about their products and services in amore efficient way. The use of

electronic mail has also helped them gauge their audience’s needs and wants

as well as addressing to them in a quick way. The most recent innovation in

online business would be the usage of social media as a marketing tool. Social

Networking sites, in particular have helped organizations in terms of their

public relations with their target audiences. The invasion of various businesses

in these sites have been rampant, mainly because of its advantages that has

proven to be very effective in increasing visibility, revenue, and influence. Read

on to learn more about the power of social media marketing.

24
Foreign Studies

Fuchs, Christian. 2009. Social Networking Sites and the Surveillance

Society. A Critical Case Study of the Usage of study, Facebook, and MySpace

by Students in Salzburg in the Context of Electronic Surveillance.

Salzburg/Vienna: Research Group UTI. ISBN 978-3-200-01428-2.

674 students from Salzburg participated in the study that was conducted by

the Theory Research Group (University of Salzburg, ICT&S Center). 88.3% of

the respondents use studiVZ, 39.5% Facebook, 15.9% MySpace, 9.0% Xing,

7.4% Lokalisten. Each of 61 other social networking sites (SNS) is used by less

than 1%. Study author associate professor Christian Fuchs: “There are

indications for a strong economic concentration in the area of social

networking sites. On the one hand concerning usage, but as a consequence on

the other hand also in relation to profits that are made by advertising”. 59.1%

of the respondents see the maintenance of social contacts as the biggest

advantage of SNS, 55.7% say that economic and political surveillance is the

greatest risk. Fuchs: “Students are very aware of the massive collection of

personal data on these platforms; they use them nonetheless because of the

expected communicative advantages. This does not mean that they are

25
incautious, but that there is a structural lack of alternative platforms. Non-

commercial, non-profit SNS do not have to evaluate data for personalized

advertisements, therefore the probability of surveillance and data abuse

decreases. But such platforms are currently hardly existent or completely

unknown, therefore young people − the main usage group of social

networking sites − have to rely on commercial service providers that collect,

store, and evaluate personal data in order to accumulate profits by targeted

advertising”. 81.8% of the respondents have little knowledge about concrete

data surveillance in Europe (e.g. the Data Retention Directive or the Austrian

Security Police Act). But 67.4% have a critical standpoint towards surveillance.

88.7% of the studiVZ users have good or very good knowledge about what

happens with their data on the platform. The same is true for only 35.9% of

Facebook users and 22.6% of MySpace users. Fuchs: “Students are generally

critical towards surveillance, but they only have little concrete knowledge about

the existing political regulations. Users‘rather high degree of knowledge about

study and their rather critical information behavior on this platform, contrast

with knowledge and information behavior on Facebook and MySpace. This can

be explained by the change of the terms of use that study undertook at the

beginning of 2008 and that introduced targeted advertising. The introduction

was accompanied by a self-organized information campaign that students

conducted on the platform and public discussions that presented study as the

“sniffle” (=Sniffle Directory). This campaign can be interpreted as a form of

26
fragmented public. Its success was very limited. Nonetheless it has resulted in

the fact that many students have read the new terms of use and have opted

out of standard advertising options, which was not the case on other

platforms”.

The study recommends that citizens see commercial Internet platforms

that store and evaluate personal data generally critically and that by

establishing special consumer protection websites it could be documented in

the public, which rights in dealing with personal data such platforms obtain by

their terms of use and their privacy terms. Christian Fuchs: “There are many

examples for how affected citizens try surveilling the surveillors with the help

of websites. This can pose a certain degree of protection by making use of

public information, but also has limits because the basic problem is that we live

in times, in which on the one hand there are strong commercial interests in

data collection and data evaluation and on the other hand after 9/11

continuously more political steps have been taken for creating surveillance

societies. These are political-economic problems, not technological ones”

The expertise of the study will be part of the Europe-wide research

project “Living in Surveillance Societies” of the European Science Foundation,

in which Christian Fuchs represents Austria in the management committee.

27
 It conquers peoples mind and beliefs. The goal that we wanted to

achieve in studying this topic is to open everyone’s eyes in what reality

television programs.

Local literature

In this Digital Age, everyone seems to make his or her presence felt in

the virtual world to validate his or her existence. Getting connected through

social networks and blog sites seems to be the norm, not just among

individuals, but also among companies and businesses. With this, the Honor

Award Program (HAP) of the Civil Service Commission (CSC) has ventured into

social media to strengthen its promotional strategies of the Program.

Commission on Information and Communications Technology (CICT)

Chairman Ivan John E. Uy said that social networking sites can be a useful tool

in public service delivery. “The use of Facebook and Twitter in government

offices provides better access to the public,” he said in an interview aired over

DZRB. There are 24 million Internet users in the Philippines, 51% of which use

social networking sites. Social media is an effective platform for information

dissemination and engagement.“It’s about time to engage with our

stakeholders. There are 1.4 million government workers all over the country.

Filipinos should hear of the inspiring stories of our outstanding public servants.

Being on Facebook is one way to reach out to the public that we serve,” said

CSC Chairman Francisco T. Duque III. The Pangasinan provincial government

is vigorously pushing people empowerment, including generating greater public

28
awareness on various government programs through the use of social

networking sites. Pursuing this thrust, the provincial government led by Gov.

Amado Espino Jr. conducted a multi-sector bloggers’ orientation seminar last

June 1 at the Pangasinan Development and Training Center here. The

participants included provincial department heads, chiefs of hospitals,

administrative officers and staff, and IT personnel of different departments of

the provincial government. Vangie Padilla, a social media specialist and

resource speaker, said Espino wanted to raise the level of quality of public

service given to the 2.6 million College of Arts and Science Bachelor of Science

in Foreign Service. Since there are now some 300,000 Pangasinenses who are

on Facebook, Padilla said Espino thought of coping with the times by

“switching from the traditional to cyberspace.” “Since Pangasinan is now

dubbed as No. 1 province in many aspects, Gov.Espino opts to explore greater

heights of bringing government service closer to the people, having seen the

intense impact of social media like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube among

Pangasinenses,” Padilla said. Coinciding with the half-day orientation was the

launching of Espino’s social networking sites –

www.twitter.com/governorespino, www.youtube.com/governorespino

andwww.facebook.com/governor espino The public is invited to get in touch

with the governor, learn more about the province and the various programs

and projects of the provincial government using these social networking sites

in just few clicks. Provincial employees lauded the project, expressing their full

29
support to the cause by putting their own group page so they can post their

regular activities and enable the public to keep track of the efforts of the

provincial government. A series of orientation seminars is underway for all

provincial employees, high school and college students, Sangguniang Kabataan

officials, and various sectors in the province. Tutorial for government

employees on social networking is also set to fully realize the project.

The Philippines has been on the World Wide Web since the early

90s.MozCom was the first commercially available Internet provider in the

Philippines, starting in 1994. In early 2000, via the Electronic Commerce Act or

Republic Act 8792, the Philippine government mandated that every department

should have a presence on the web. This was to allow the public access to

information as well as a means to communicate with their duly elected

politicians. There are different levels of web presence required of the

government. The hierarchy, from the most basic to the highest, is: Emerging

Web Presence level could be just a simple static website with details of the

respective agency and contact information.

Enhanced Web Presence includes regularly updated data, a portal to

other departments or government agencies, and a section where users can

download documents. Interactive Web Presence means more dynamic

websites. Information must be updated on a daily or weekly basis. Documents

and forms can be downloaded before submitting them to the agency. Search

30
features should also be available. Transactional Web Presence means the user

can perform secure transactions completely on the site, without the need for

filling out paper forms and documents. The fifth and most important level is

Fully Integrated Web Presence. Here the government agency should be able to

provide all requirements through two-way communication such email or instant

messaging. There should be social networking information, and documents and

forms should be available from a single website. This gives the public a direct

means of sending feedback, and increases opportunities for almost

instantaneous responses from the agency in question. At this point, many

departments just barely qualify for the third level, while a few are already

exploring the fourth level. Very few governments around the world have the

equivalent of the fifth level of web presence. All government websites operate

under guidelines set by the Office of the President to standardize the quality of

government web presence. This is implemented and monitored by the

Department of Trade and Industry (http://dti.gov.ph). These are followed

according to the different types of service provided by the department, which

include the agency working with the public, another government agency or a

business. Some departments already allow applications online, filing or permits

and payment. E-commerce services are also in place for the convenience of

businesses and corporations. The standardization allows the agencies to scale

their deployment on the web in phases, which ensures that they are able to

bring the best service without unnecessary expense or inconvenience to the

31
public. In recent months, certain government agencies have proven to be

valuable in providing information to the public. Such services are useful

particularly in times of crisis, both natural and man-made, such as war in

countries where there are many Filipinos, or random natural calamities. Part of

the government’s job Is to makes information available to the public. In the

past, this was done through TV, radio or printed newspapers. However this

means that the information is at least a few hours old. The Internet makes all

information available almost in real time, making it the ideal tool in reporting

news as it happens, not as it happened hours ago. Any Filipino citizen should

know where to look for information regarding our government. You need look

no further than The Official Website of the Republic of the Philippines

(http://www.gov.ph). This site is a portal to other government websites and is

managed at the Office of the President of the Philippines. It includes news

reports, official press releases and a directory of other government websites.

The government website directory includes the Office of the President

(http://president.gov.ph) and the Office of the Vice President

(http://ovp.gov.ph). But due to the recent earthquake in Japan, many citizens

are questioning the capability of our government to react to a natural calamity

of that magnitude. The official website of the Philippine Institute of

Volcanology and Seismology or PHIVOLCS (http://www.phivolcs.dost.gov.ph)

provides information on disasters arising from volcanic eruptions, earthquake

and tsunami. PHIVOLCS, meanwhile, operates under the Department of

32
Science and Technology (DOST)(http://dost.gov.ph). Since the civil war in

Libya started in February, thousands of Overseas Filipino Workers have been

clamoring to return to the Philippines. The unstable political climate in the

Middle East highlights the need for a single source of information for OFWs

and their families. There are a number of government agencies working

together to help these displaced workers evacuate quickly and safely. The first

is the Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) (http://dfa.gov.ph), which has been

in negotiations with the governments on nations in turmoil and the neighboring

countries where our countrymen can seek refuge.

Another invaluable resource is the Overseas Workers Welfare

Administration (OWWA)(http://www.owwa.gov.ph). As we move into the 21st

century, more and more government agencies are working to improve their

web presence to include social networking, which is now more than just a new

buzzword thrown around in meetings. The information that was disseminated

across various demographics at Edsa II shows that it’s not just the youth you

can reach with technology. Older generations will not be left behind. The sites

are becoming increasingly easy to use and the convenience is starting to

outweigh the alternatives. Waiting in line at the Land Transportation Office

(LTO) (http://www.lto.gov.ph) for your driver’s license will soon be part of the

past. The Internet is information, it is convenience, it is here. You had best

embrace it, or you’ll be the only one who’ll be waiting in line.

33
Local Studies

Social Networking is one of the trendiest topics being talked about by

the students in arellano university. Examples of social networking sites are

Friendster, Facebook, Twitter and MySpace. Social Networking Sites help us to

communicate with our friends, classmates, and relatives but they also allow us

to communicate with other people who contribute to common interests with

us. For instance a person added another person as a friend on Facebook since

both of them is addicted on playing Restaurant City. Through these social

networking sites, we develop virtual interpersonal relationships. An

interpersonal relationship is a relatively long-term relationship between two or

more people.

This connection may be based on emotions like love and liking, regular

business interactions, or some other type of social commitments. Interpersonal

relationships take place in a great variety of contexts, such as family, friends,

marriage, acquaintances, work, clubs, neighborhoods, and churches. They may

be regulated by law, custom, or mutual agreement, and are the basis of social

groups and society as a whole.

Social networking sites manipulate the interpersonal relationship of students in

many ways. Through social networking sites, users come to meet other people

worldwide. These people can affect the user’s interpersonal relationship with

other people close to him/her. This influence can either be good or bad for the

34
user. The researchers chose the topic about the influence of social networking

sites to be studied because it is shown evidently that most of the students in

arellano university use Social Networking Sites as part of their activities done

in the internet.

Possible advantages:

 Facilitates open communication, leading to enhanced information discovery

and delivery.

 Allows employees to discuss ideas, post news, ask questions and share

links.

 Provides an opportunity to widen business contacts.

 Targets a wide audience, making it a useful and effective recruitment tool.

 Improves business reputation and client base with minimal use of

advertising.

 Expands market research, implements marketing campaigns, delivers

communications and directs interested people to specific web sites.

Possible disadvantages:

 Opens up the possibility for hackers to commit fraud and launch spam and

virus attacks.

 Increases the risk of people falling prey to online scams that seem genuine,

resulting in data or identity theft.

35
 Potentially results in negative comments from employees about the

company or potential legal consequences if employees use these sites to

view objectionable, illicit or offensive material.

 Potentially results in lost productivity, especially if employees are busy

updating profiles, etc.

Employers do have the right to simply ban all computer activity that is not

work-related, but this approach may not yield optimal results. If employees are

to be allowed access to social networking platforms, then a comprehensive and

well-defined policy should be established to prevent abuse.

A social networking use policy generally:

 Defines what social networking is particular to your organization, so

employees know exactly what is meant by the term.

 Establishes a clear and defined purpose for the policy.

 Communicates benefits of social networking and of having a policy.

 Provides a clear platform for educating employees.

 Takes into consideration any legal ramifications of not following laws.

 Refers to confidentiality of employer trade secrets and private or

confidential information. Talks about productivity in terms of social

networking.

 Provides guidance regarding social networking outside of company

time/property that could be associated with the company, employees or

36
 customers. Some employers may prohibit posting of company information

on social networking sites without explicit consent.

 Provides examples of policy violations.

 Outlines disciplinary measures to be taken for policy violations.

What may be the most concerning aspect of social networking platforms is that

they encourage people to share personal information. Even the most cautious

and well-meaning individuals can give away information they should not; the

same applies to what is posted on company-approved social networking

platforms.

 Employees may not be aware of how their actions online may

compromise company security. Educate employees as to how a simple

click on a received link or a downloaded application can result in a virus

infecting their computer and the network. Advise them not to click on

suspicious links and to pay careful attention when providing personal

information online. Remember that just because employees may have

an online profile, it doesn’t necessarily mean they have a high level of

security awareness.

37
Synthesis

Gathering Related Literature for the social networking sites is not

that difficult. The study is rich with prevalence and outcome but there is a

deficit on related studies and related literature. The researchers are very keen

in finding information for local studies and literature. However an inquiry and

review of relevant literature had been made and gathered to provide some

information and insights to help with the study. The Related Literature and

Studies that were gathered serve as an important source of information which

impel the researcher to conduct a broad study on the perception on bisexuality

among college students. The relevant literature and studies gives knowledge

and ideas on the effects of social networking sites to the students.

An investigation by the researchers of recent journals and books that

may tackle the same subject of local and foreign reveals the same opinion.

38
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study will utilize descriptive design. This research design is suitable

with the aims of the researcher which is to determine the effect of social

networking sites to college students especially to their academic performances.

Sampling Technique and Number of Respondents

In this research work, random sampling technique will be used. The

researcher will ask those students who are willing and available to answer the

formulated survey questionnaire. We will continuously do this process until the

sample reaches the desired size.

Research Locale

This research work will be conducted at Arellano University Andres

Bonifacio campus, Pag-asa St. Caniogan, Pasig City.

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study will be composed of 50 Psychology

students from Arellano University Andres Boniifacio Campus.

Research Instrument

The researcher will formulate a 30 items survey questionnaire that

intends to determine the effects of social networking sites to the students

39
ranging from the aspects which are considered as affected aspects of an

individual and the aspects are: social aspect, and academic performances.

Data Gathering Procedure

In regards with the gathering of data, the researcher will utilize

formulated survey questionnaire. In accordance with this, the researcher will

follow the following step by step procedures.

1. The researcher will ask the permission of the Vice President of Arellano

University Jose Abad Santos Campus to allow him to conduct a survey

pertaining to the said research title.

2. The researcher will distribute the formulated survey questionnaire.

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data that will be obtained from the questionnaires which is going to

be distributed by the researcher was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted with

the use of the following sampling technique;

1. Percentage

Percentage was used to define the demographic profile of the

respondents.

Formula: % = f ÷ n * 100
40
 Where: f=Frequency (number of the correct answers of the

respondents)

n = Overall Points

% = Percentage of correct answers of the respondent

2. Weighted Mean

Weighted mean was used to determine the effect of social networking

on social aspect and academic performances of the students.

Formula: X = ∑X ÷ N

Where: ∑X = total score of the respondents

N = number of respondent

3. T-Test

T-Test was used to determine the difference of two variables.

Formula: t= x 1 – x2

√ (n1 – 1)(s1)2 + (n2 – 1)(s2)2

[ 1
+
1
]
n 1 + n2 – 2 n1 n2

41
Where: x1 = mean of the first sample

X2 = mean of the second sample

s1 = variance of the first sample

s2 = variance of the second sample

n1 = number of first respondents

n2 = number of second respondents

42
 Chapter 4

Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

This chapter presents the findings, analysis and interpretation of data

gathered from respondents of the study. The specific problems raised in this

study were answered sequentially. The study data reviewed the answers of

respondents after the survey. The demographic profile of the respondents

includes their age and gender. The data is presented in tabular forms with

their corresponding textual presentation and interpretation.

The researcher conducted the study to find out effects of social

networking sites to the students of Arellano University.

Specifically the study answered the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age;

1.2. Gender; and

1.3. Year Level?

2. What are the effects of social networking sites on:

2.1 Social aspect

2.2 Academic performances

43
 Problem 1. Demographic Profile of respondents

Table 1

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Age of Respondents

Respondents Frequency Percentage

16-17 17 57%

20-23 12 40%

24-28 1 3%

Shown in table 1 is the frequency and percentage distribution of the age

of respondents. 57% are within the age range of 16 to 19 followed by 40% are

of age 20 to 23 and 3% are of age 24 to 28.

44
Table 2

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Gender of the

Respondents

Respondents Frequency Percentage

Male 19 63%

Female 11 37%

TOTAL 30 100%

Shown in table 2 is the frequency and percentage distribution of the

respondents’ gender. 37% of the respondents are female and the remaining

63% from the respondents are male.

45
Table 3

Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Year Level of the

Respondents

Respondents Frequency Percentage

1st Year 10 33%

2nd Year 5 17%

3rd Year 13 43%

4th Year 2 7%

TOTAL 30 100 %

Shown in table 3 is the frequency and percentage distribution of the year

level of the respondents. 43% of the respondents are composed of 3rd year

students followed by 33% of it is composed of 1st year students. 5% are

composed of 2nd year students and the least is at 2% composed of 4th year

students.

46
Problem 2. What is the effect of social networking sites on:

1.1 Social aspect

1.2 Academic performances

The obtained values were interpreted using the following guide:

Mean Values
Verbal Interpretation

4.50 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

3.50 – 4.49 Agree

2.50 – 3.49 Moderately Agree

1.50 – 2.49 Disagree

1.00 – 1.49 Strongly Disagree

47
Table 4

Effects of social networking sites to the Students of Arellano

University on

Social aspect

Social aspect Weighted Interpretation

Mean

1. Do you regularly view any of the 4.4 Agree

networking sites even if you don’t

contribute

2. Do you hose sleep due to late night logins 4.24 Agree

3.Can Social media helps you to express 4.12 Agree

yourself?

4. Do you spend more time in socializing online 4.26 Agree

than to join in an organization?

5. Does social media makes you feel 4.6 Strongly Agree

comfortable

6. Do you still hang out with your friends? 4.8 Strongly Agree

7. Does Social media bring you closer to your 4.2 Agree

family and friends?

8. Do you forgot household chores to spend more 4.3 Agree

48
on line

9. Social media provides ways to enhance 4.5 Strongly Agree

connection with students as it brings them closer

by alleviating the necessity of physical presence

10. Social media is a good way to release 4.28 Agree

pressure

Average Weighted Mean 4.37 Agree

Table 4 presents the effects of social networking sites to the Students of

Arellano University on social aspects

49
Table 5

Effects of social networking sites to the Students of Arellano

University on academic performances

Academic Performances Weighted Interpretation

Mean

1. Social media helps students to develop 4.28 Agree

important knowledge and social skills

2. Using social media people around the 4.54 Strongly Agree

global can interact long distantly and

virtually

3. Youth can further explore topics that 4.16 Agree

they’re interested in through online social

networking

4. Life without internet is quit boring 4.6 Strongly Agree

5. Social networking especially the internet 4.6 Strongly Agree

offer the possibility to get info from all

over the world in an easy and fast way

6. Do Social networking sites makes your 4.28 Agree

works easier

7. Do you spend more time in socializing 4.22 Agree

online than to study

50
8. Can you consider ads that you see on 4.38 Agree

your profile can help you in your school

stuff?

9. Do you choose to play on line games 4.34 Agree

than to do your school homework’s?

10. Do your grades or school works suffer 4.16 Agree

because of the amount of time you spend

online

Average Weighted Mean 4.36 Agree

Table 5 presents the Effects of social networking sites to the Students of

Arellano University on academic perform

51
 Chapter 5

Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations

This chapter presents the summary, conclusion and recommendation of

the study. The researcher conducted the study to find out the effects of social

networking of the students in Arellano University.

The researcher conducted the study to find out the effects of social

networking to the students in terms of social aspects and academic

performances.

Moreover it aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1. Age;

1.2. Gender; and

1.3. Year Level?

2. What are the effects of social networking sites on:

a. Social aspects

b. Academic performances

52
Summary:

3. Demographic Profile of the Respondents

37 percent of the respondents are female and the remaining 63 percent

are males. 57 percent are within the age range of 16 to 19 years old, 40

percent are within the age bracket of 20 to 23 years old and the

remaining 3 percent are currently within the age bracket of 24 to 28

years old. 43 percent are currently in 3rd year college, followed by 33

percent of 1st year college students, and then 17 percent are currently

2nd year students and the remaining 7 percent are 4th year college

students

4. Effects of social networking sites

The effect of social networking sites on social aspects a mean of 4.37

which is greater than the mean of effects on academic performance as

it scored lower at 4.36.

53
Conclusion:

3. Majority of the respondents belong to the age bracket of 196 to 19

years of age. The dominant genders of the respondents are male and

most Year Level of the respondents is in 3rd Year.

4. The effect of social networking sites on social aspects a mean of 4.37

which is greater than the mean of effects on academic performance as

it scored lower at 4.36.

Recommendation:

3. Since social networking sites are now the most influenced on the

students in terms of different aspects, the researchers recommend that

the students should have the proper time management to maintain the

proper balance on school and build a good relationship with others.

4. Since the academic performances of the students is one of the affected

aspects of spending a lot of time on social networking sites, students

should use it in a useful way such as reading informative blogs and

posts which is credited or validated with professionals, and also reading

a useful information posted by known group or organization.

54
References

http://www.wikipedia.com

www.study.com

55