Department of Electrical Engineering 4th Semester

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,

BHUBANESWAR.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
ELECTRICAL MACHINE-I LABORATORY (PCEE7203)

EXPERIMENT-1
Aim of the experiment:
Determination of critical resistance and critical speed from no load test of a DC shunt generator.

Machine specification:
DC Motor DC Generator
H P: 5 TYPE- SHUNT KW: 3 TYPE- SHUNT
RPM: 1500 FRAME-132 RPM: 1500 FRAME-132
VOLT-220 EXE-VOLT-220 VOLT-220 EXE-VOLT-220
AMPS-17 ENCLOSURE-SPDP AMPS-13.6 ENCLOSURE-SPDP

Apparatus required:
SL. No. Name Range Type Quantity
1 Ammeter (0-2) A PMMC 1
2 Voltmeter (0-300) V PMMC 1
3 Rheostat 210Ω, 2A Wire wound 2
4 Tachometer (0-10000) Rpm Digital 1
As per
5 Connecting wire 1.5 mm² Flexible
requirement
Circuit diagram:
L Z A

+
A A
210Ω, 2A

VT
220V DC
SUPPLY
F
M G V (0-300)V, MC

FF AA AA
-
DPST SWITCH F FF
(0-2)A, MC A

210Ω, 2A
FUSE

DPST SWITCH

+ 220V DC -
SUPPLY

NO LOAD CHARACTERISTICS OF DC GENERATOR

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Department of Electrical Engineering 4th Semester

Theory:
In any D.C generator generated emf is directly proportional to the exciting field current i.e.
flux. O.C.C shows the relation between the no-load generated emf in the armature, 'Eo' and the field
or exciting current 'I f’ at a given fixed speed. It should be noted that OCC for a higher speed would
be above this curve and for a lower speed, would be below it as it directly proportional to the speed
of rotation.
The following points may be noted from O.C.C.:
(i) When the field current is zero, there I
(ii) s some generated e.m.f. This is due to the residual magnetism in the field poles.
(ii) Over a fairly wide range of field current, the curve is linear. It is because in this range,
reluctance of iron is negligible as compared with that of air gap. The air gap reluctance is constant
and hence linear relationship.
(iii) After point B on the curve, the reluctance of iron also comes into picture. It is because
at higher flux densities, µr for iron decreases and reluctance of iron is no longer negligible.
Consequently, the curve deviates from linear relationship.
(iv)After that point on the curve, the magnetic saturation of poles begins and E 0 tends to
level off.
Procedure:
1. The connections were made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Keep the motor field rheostat at its minimum position and generator field open.
3. The motor is started with the help of a 3 point starter.
4. The motor field current was adjusted to achieve rated speed at no load.
5. Note the voltage across the generator armature without giving supply to the field circuit.
6. If the voltmeter does not show any deflection, then reverse the direction of rotation.
7. Then the field current is increased in steps by controlling the field rheostat.
8. The corresponding values of Eg & If was noted.
9. Plot the graph between Eg & If.

Observation:
Voltage across armature Eg
Field current If
SL. No. in Volt
in Amp
N=1500 rpm N=1200rpm N=1000rpm

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Department of Electrical Engineering 4th Semester

Calculation:
As E0 α N
So, for different speeds, O.C.C. can be deduced from the O.C.C.at rated speed.
𝐸1 𝑁1
=
𝐸2 𝑁2

Model Graphs:

Draw Rc line, such that it is tangent to the initial portion of O.C.C. at rated speed and passes
through origin.
The value of critical field resistance, Rc = the slope of Rc line

N
Critical speed, Nc = CB × AC here N Rated speed

Precautions:
1. Rotor should be run at rated speed & no load should be given.
2. The direction of rotation should be proper.
3. The motor field rheostat should be kept at minimum resistance position.

Conclusion
From the above experiment the occ for the separately excited machine is plotted from which the
critical resistance and critical speed of the machine is calculated which is found to be
_____&______respectively.

Questions

1. Give the advantages and disadvantages of separately excited dc generators.

2. What are the factors that affect the shape of the magnetization curve of a D.C machine?
3. Why the armature of a dc machine is rotating while the field is stationary?

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Department of Electrical Engineering 4th Semester

4. Why losses occur in pole shoes where as not in pole core?

5. How we can get B-H loop of the core from this experiment?
6. Why the terminal voltage becomes constant?
7. A dc generator generates 230v when it rotates in clock wise direction. How much voltage it
will generate if the direction of rotation is reversed?
8. On what occasions DC generators may not have residual flux?
9. Define the term critical resistance referred to DC shunt generator.
10. Define the term critical speed in DC shunt generator.
11. What do you mean by residual magnetism in DC shunt generators?
12. How do we conclude that connections between field coils and armature are correct?
13. When a generator loses its residual magnetism either due to lighting or short circuit, how
can it be made to build up?
14. Can a generator voltage be reversed by reversing the connection between the armature and
field coils?
15. Will a generator build up if it becomes reversed?