2.

28 ULECTRICALL MAC
SOLVED PROBLEMS
ANCAINN
EXAMPLE I
A 100 kW, 400 V, 3-phase synchronous motor is operating at full load
w
efficiency of 94%. is ndjusfed
to make Its
power
power "
factor a.
If the ield current

eading. estimate the armature current.

Solution:
Motor output T00106.4kW
Power input to motor= 0.94
Power input in kW x1000
Armature current,
V3V, cos
106.4x 1000 = 191.97 A
V3x 400x0.8
EXAMPLE 2
A star connected synchronous motor rated at 190 kVA, 3-0, 4000 V, 50 A
50 A, 50
2000 rpm has an effective resistance of 2 Q and a synchronous reacta. 1H
30 2 per phase. Determine the internal power developed by the
tance «
motor w
is operating at rated current and 0.8 power factor leading.

Solution:
Line voltage V, = 4000 V, Line current I, = 5 0 A, Power factor cos o=0.8 (lead.

Power supplied to the motor P= 3V,1, cos o = v3 x4000 x 50x0.8 277.13k

Total copper losses =

312R =
3 x
(50)2 x 2

= 15 kW

Internal power developed =P - 31'R = 277.13- 15 = 262.13 kW.

EXAMPLE 3

A 500 V, 1-6 synchronous motor gives a net output mechanical power o

7.46 kW and operates at 0.9 power factor lagging. Its effective resistance
0.8 2. If the iron and mechanical losses are 500 W and excitation losses are
800 W, estimate the armature current and calculate the
commercial effieiee
Selation:
input power V cos = 500 I x
0.9 4501 watts
 2.29
INWNMO. N A O T U R

Input power Mechanical losses - Copper losses

utput wer

460 450 500 x 0.8

S 4S0170o0

450 t 450) 4x0.8x 7960

2x0.8

183A

encitation losses
n
luding
I n y uol n e r

=(500 18.3 x x 0.9 +800)watts

9035 W (or) 9.035 kW

Output powe100
enal ctlicicney
nput power

7.4x 100 = 82.57%

9.035

F L A M P L E 4

synchron motor has (0.2 +j 2.2) ohms per

Z,=
connected
JAV14star 0.5 power factor leading with a line current of
phase. The.motor
is operating at
generated emf per phase.
Determine the
200 A.

Solution:
I =
200 A
Input current
2.3x1000 1,328 V
Supply voltage per phase

Internalangle. e =
tan
= tan 84.8
0.2
Power factor angle =cos0.5 =60°
Synchronous impedanceper phase Z, = R + X ,

= y0.22.2 =2.209Q
Impedance drop phase E = 1 Z
=200 2209
441.8 V
2.30 CTRIAL MACIt

nduced
emf perphase E, IE,2 , cos(41 t")
328) +(4418) 2x1328 441.8 cos(6

E1,708VV
EXAMPLE 5

synchronous
motor runs at 15t
500
A 2000 V, 3-phase, 4 pole, Y-connected
he excitation is constant and corresponds
to an open-circuit oltage
voltage ofof 2
reactlance of 3
to synchronous
Theresistance is negligible as compared for upha
factor and torque developed an
Determine the power input, power alur
current of 200 A.

Solution:
2000 = 1154.7 V
Supply voltage per phase =

2,000
Induced emf per phase E, = =1154.7

Input line current , =

Input phase current, I = 200 A.
Impedance drop per phase E, = IZ,= 2003 600V

Internal angle 0 = 90°

E=V+E, -2VE, cos (90" )

(1154.7 = (1154.7)' +(600) 2x1154.7 600 sind

Sin=
600 = 0.26
2x1154.7x600
s i n (0.26) = 15.06°

Power factor cos 15.06° = 0.966

Power input =
y3V,, cos =
V3 2000 2000.966
669.029 kW

Torque developed =
Power input 669029 = 4,259 M
27tN, )/60 (27 1500) 60
 IRNOU MOT U S M O T

2.31
14PLE6
P. 3-phase
eunchronous
synchronous motor has negligible armature
minimumresistance
10
HP
of 10
nce of ; 2 per phase. Determine the
reacta
r e a c t a n c e

1,
full load condition.
Assume an current
y90 ous
1 synchr. duced emf for

he
s n d
efficiency
olurion:

Motor input
Output power
10735.
0.85
=8.653 W
Motor input = y3 V,, coso

Motor input in watts

I coso 8,653
3 V 3x 400= 12.5 A
=

= I cos o = 12.5 A

Impedancedrop E 1Z,= 12.5 x10 125 V

400 -231
Supply voltage phase V=*2 3 1

Indueed emf phase E =V+ E =

v231 +125 =
262.6 V
Line Induced emf 3
=
x 262.6 =455 V
EXAMPLE 7

2300 V, 3-phase, star connected

synchronous motor has a resistance of
0.22 phase and a synchronous reactance of 2.2
at 0.5
power factor
leading with a line
Q/phase. The motor is operating
the generated emf/phase. current of 200 A. Determine the value of
Solution:
= cos 0.5 =
60°

6 tan = tan 2.2 84.8°

R 0.2
(+o) (60+84.8) =144.8°
=
 2.32

=
2300328
Ratedphase
voltage,
3 2.2092
vo.2+2.2
X,
=

Z=R+
441.8V
=

= 200x2.209
12,
E
+E*-2V E,cos(6+ø)
E, =

cos144.8
(441.8)-2x 1328x441.8
= 1328) +

= 1708 V

EXAMPLE8 motor has a resistan

synchronous
connected
star
6-pole, 3-0, 50 Hz, S2 per phase
respectively. It tae
A 400 V, 0.5 N and 4
impedance of field c u r r e n t . If the la
and synchronous with a certain
when operating
a current of
15 A at UPF increased to 60A,
the field curren
line current is
increased until the and new powes
torque is torque developed
calculate the gross
remaining unchanged,
factor.

Solution:

Rated phase voltage V =- 400231V

v3
= 231 V

E =I Z, =
15 x 4 =60 V

X, = -R =
V4* -0.5 = 3.968 Q

tan
R
= tan 3.96882.8°
0.5
NONS MO
MOTOR

E E,-2VE,con6
23160 2/231 6cun 2* 231 27y
ad isinreRsedó increases but E,
mains constant 1et
facaor 2ngle. be
E, 1 Z, = 60 4 240 V

n23127V
240 231 27v

231

E) UPF

(b) Lagging PF
E, = - E , -2V E, cos(0-0)

231.27 231 -240-2/231/240cos(6-)

0.518
.. cos(6-o) =

(6-6) = 58.8

..o = 82.8-58.8 24
P.F cOs 24° = 0.913 lagging
600.913
= v3 V,1, coso
=
V3x400x
Motor input power
= 37.95 kW
0.5 5.4 kW
loss =31R 60
=
3
Amature copper
37.95 5 . 4 32.55
kW
P
=

anical power developed

20120x50 =1000 rpm
6
32550x 60
2 x T 1 0 0 0

Torque developed 27N,

60
T 310.98N-m
2.34 LRCTRICAL MAC
EXAMPLE
A 25 notor
hp, 230 V, s0 Mz, 4-pole star connected wynchronouN has an
resistance per plhase of o,12 ) and synehronoun venclanee per
1.6 Q. The angle between the rotor and stator fleld is 10. The generale pha
per phase is 110 v. Fnd () Armature current () Synehro104N mpodne
i ) Power factor angle (iv) Total power nput lo the o r ,

Solution:

E= Ecos) +(E'sin 6)

V(132.79-I10cos 10) +(110sin 10)

= (24.47 +(19.1)

= 31.04 V

31.04 31.04 19.35 A

vo.12 +1.6 1.064

lan I_E
sin 8 tan19.1
=
37.97
V-Ecosð 24.47
=0-pB
X
9= tan = tan . =85.7
R 0.12
85.7 -37.97= 47.73
Power input -
y3 V,I, coso
3x230x 19.35x cos 47.73 5184.77 W.
 NOUS MOTOR

9NHR 2.35
EXAMPLE 10

star connected circuit take

Hz,
three-phase,
35 A at a
440
.50

of 0.8.
A star connected synchronous motor is lagging
sed to improve
factor
calculate kVA input and the power
the
ve
pemer

o w e r
factor
to unity,
en it is also supplying a load of 2 kW
factor of the
tsyDchronous
be and has
85%
e f f i c i e n c y

12/0.85 14.11 kW
solution:

motor
syIchronous
to
Input

Input power= 3x 440xI coso

=
14.11 x
1000
14.11x1000
I coso = = 18.51 A
3x440

28A 46.51A
18.51

21A
= 35 xx 0.8
0.8 = 28
28 A
A
35
=
=
of load
Active component
=
35 x 0.6 =21 A
Reactive component of
load
motor = 21A
Total component of load and synchronous

synchronous
motor = V18.51 +21 =27.99 A
CuTent drawn by

coso= 18.510.66leading
27.99

3 x440x27.99 -21.33 kVA

=
motor 1000
VA of synchronous
 2.36 FLECTRICALAL MAC
MACITIN

EXAMPLE I1
A 6600 V, motor draws a full
3-phase, star connected synchronous load
of 80 A at 0.8 power factor leading. The armature resistance is 2
reactance 22 p e r phase. If the stray losses of the machine are 3200
W
E . m . f induced (li) Output power (ii) Efficiency of themachine.

(AU, CBE/EEE-May 2010, AUT, CBE/EEE-M 201

Solution:
o600
y = 3810V
Phase voltage
3
Full load current I = 80 A at 0.8 P.F leading
Armature resistance per phase R,
=
2.2 2

222
Synchronous reactance/phase X =

Stray loss = 3200 W

i) E.mf induced, E,
Power factor cos o =
0.8
36.9°
d= cos (0.8)
=

Synchronous impedance/phase 2, =
R, +X =

y{2.2) +(22) =22.110

tan- 10
2.2
R
tan (10) =84.3°
I-80A
M

6-84.3
36.9

IZ= 80 2.11 = 1768.8 V

Impedance drop/phase, E, =

Induced e.m.f/phase, E, =V+E-2/ E, cos(4+0)

 US M
NHRONOUS MOTOR 2.37

3810 (1768 8) 2x 3810x 1768.8 cos (843°+36 ge

4962.5V
m.f= V3 x4962.5 8595
Induced linee

P w e r outyput

V3x 6600x80«08
Total input power =V3 V,1, coso =

731618 W

3 I'R, =3 x
(80) x
2.2 =42240 W
Total copper losses
3200 W
Total stray losses
=

Power output
= Power input
-

copper loss stray losses

= 731618-42240- 3200

= 686178 W

iciency
Efficiency
Output power
Input power
686178100
731618

n
=
93.79%

EXAMPLE 12
6600 V
reactance per phase
of a 3-phase star connected
The synchronous kW at normal
is 20 Q. For a certain load, the input is 915
synchronous motor resistance determine
is 8942 V. Neglecting
voltageand the induced line e.m.f
i) line current (ii) power factor.

Solution
Synchronous reactance/phase X, =
20 2

Input to motor=915 kW
6600
Supply phase voltage V:= = 3810)V
3

induced e.m.f phase E, : 89425163V

Resistance R,= 0
 ECTRICAL MAG
li l ai ian ilhoanph a , ihe mut

Pnenpui ,
Pner nual 91Sx1000
80 4
6600
lan 20

an lan =90

ipola dp -14,-RA - No'20

20
97.05A

-34.6
N V-3810V

IOright angle ALAIN, we have

IM N MN'

(1o IN ( , cos d ' L N +(20 I cosp

LN (20 80),|Icos 80 A|
LN (5163 (1600)
LN 1909 V

ON N OL 4909 3810 1099 V

,0M(ON(MIN)

(1099) (20 80)= 1941

ilineut'ient,1 phuase "urr'n,

1941
97.05 A
20

80
= 0.8243 (leading)
97.05
 LSCTRICAL

2.42
ACAI
8O00 091
Motor put

Motor nput
2637V
Mtor inpul power
90

091
1312A4 V231V
400)
lactor is unity. Insuch a conditic
when power
The current is
minimum

13.12 A
/ cos =
8 105 V
E 12,= 13.12
Impedance drop
V E= (231)' (105
+
E
E, 231)(105
E,253.7V

EXAMPLE16
A synchronous motor having 40% reactance and a negligible resistance to be
factor lag and 0.8 power factor lead, w
uperated at rated load at UPF, 0.8 power What
re the values of induced e.m.f?
(AU, Tirunelveli/EEE-May 2010) (AU, Chennai/EEE May 2009
Solution:
Let V100 V, Impedance drop
=

I, X =
40 V

Here 90°

VI00 +40 108V

E 108V
40V

100V B
 H N M
43

40V

T00V

AB 0 90 686 $3
00' 40 2* 100 * 40 *cos $3 11
82.5V
Na)N. kaling

(0 ) 90 36.86 126.86
lere

128V a

40V

B
D A
100V

E 100 +40 2 x 100 x 40 x cos 126.9

E = 128 V

EXAMPLE 17

3000 , 3-phase synchronous motor running at 1500 rpm has its exeitation kept
cOnstant corresponding to no-load terminal voltage of 3000 V. Determine the power
of 250 A it the
mput. power factor and torque developed for an armature current

nearonous reactance is 5 2 per phase and armature resistance is neglected.

MAY 2006
AU Colnbatore PEEMey 2810)
(AU/EEE

Solution:
3000
Voltage phase =1732 VN
 LCTRICAI MA

1712V giVen
nhved om
2505 750 V
pedanee dp

1712 OV

ft

1732V

WAn in tigure, the armature current , is assumed to lag by an angle

Smceh
CAB 90
nsiudenng AB, we have
1732+ 750 2 x 1732 x 750 * cos (90-
1732
sn 0.2165

125

cos cos 12.5° 0.976(lag)

cos o 0.976(lag)|

input po er P 3 ^ 3000 x 250 x 0.976

P 1267.86 kW

Speod N 1500 pm

9,55xP
N 9.55x1267.86x10
Tenue developed T
N 1500

T = S072N-m
 CHRONOUS MOTOR
2.45

EXAMPLE 18

n h a s e , star connected, 3.3 kV synehronous motor has renctance at

A 1500 kW
Q and X, 2.88 2 per phase. Al losses may be neglected. Caleulate the
X, 4.01
Mn emf when the motor is supplyingthatrated load at unity power
factor. Also
escitato
excita
calculate
the
maximum mechanicalthe motor can
power supply with excltation
this value.
fixed at
held
(AU/EEEMay 2008)
Solution:

3300
V- = 1905 V

cos =1; sin o =0; ¢ 0"

kW 1500x10
Armature current 262.43 A
3x3300x
Vsin -1, X,_1905x0-262.43x22.88
tany= 0.3967
Vcos 1905x

=-21.63°

8=-=0-(-21.63) =21.63"
-96.76A
L 262.43 xsin(-21.63°)
=

243.95A
I 262.43 xcos(-21.63°)
=
=

E, = V cosð-l, X

1905(cos(-21.63)-(-96.76x4.01))
- 2158.86V

Pm -sinð+
v(X, sin 26
2X,X,
2158.86x1905 1905 (4.01-2.88)Sin
gin 20
268
Sin ð+
4.01 2x4.01x2.88

= 1025.59x10' sin8+177.54x10 sin 20

2.46 LECTRICAL MA
If develped power has to achieve maximum value, Ihen

1025.59 10'cos12x177.54 10o cos228-

dd

1025,59x10'coso 355,08 10'(2 cos'6-1)-0

10'cosö 355.08x 10 =0
710.16 10 cos'S+ 1025.59x

+4x 710.16
10'/355 0R1
1025.59x 10't 1025.59x10')
COsd 2x 710.16x 10'

10't1435.44 x 10
- 1025.59x = 0.288
1420.32 x 10'

=73.22

sin(73.22") +
177.54x 10 sin(2x 73.22°)
1025.59 x 10'
Maximum P =

P= 1080kW
111

for three phases -3xP

Maximun Power developed
1080 3240 kW
=3 x