PROJECT REPORT ON THE DESIGN OF

A MICROPROCESSOR-BASED IMAGE SCANNER

Harsh Bhimrajka 2017A7PS0046G

Abhishek Anand 2017A3PS0377G
Ishan Bansal 2017AAPS0356G
Raghav Shingi 2017A3PS0412G
 PROBLEM STATEMENT (NUMBER 5)

Design a microprocessor-based scanner which will scan a

black and white image and store it as binary data.
The scanner has two stepper motors for motion along two
orthogonal coordinates. The rotational motion is
converted into transnational motion through a lead-screw
mechanism.
Five paired LED photodiodes intended for B&W image
scanning are placed 0.1 centimetre apart. The maximum
size scannable is 10cm X 10cm.
The photodiode output is analog signal (between 0 to 5
Volts) which is to be digitized. Image information is stored
sequentially in the RAM.
The user presses a switch labelled Start Scan when he
wants to scanning process to be completed. Once scanning
is completed an LED labelled Scan Complete will glow.
 ASSUMPTIONS

The following assumptions have been made in the design of this

project:

 There is no power failure while the system is operating.

 The scanner never stops during the its operation.

 The pitch of lead screw mechanism is 0.1cm.

 Clockwise rotation of one motor implies movement in the x-

direction while clockwise rotation of the other motor
implies movement in the y-direction.

 The image size is always taken as 10x10cm.

 The photodiode provides either low voltage or high voltage

depending on whether the particular pixel is white or black
respectively.

 In one scanning cycle, 0.5cm of the image is scanned.

 After the scanning is over, an LED glows for sometime

indicating the completion of the process. The photodiode
LEDs are moved to the initial position.
 ICs USED

NAME OF THE NUMBER OF PURPOSE

COMPONENT COMPONENTS
USED
INTEL 8086 1 It is the main processor of the
Image Scanner. All the devices are
controlled directly or indirectly
through 8086.
INTEL 8255A 1 The device interfaces the stepper
motors to the main processor i.e.,
8086.
ULN2003A 2 These devices are responsible for
the rotation of the stepper motor.
One of these devices is connected
to control the horizontal motion
while the other one is used for the
vertical movement.
8284 1 Clock Generator for 8086
EPROM 2716 4 These are 2K EPROM chips used for
storing the Assembly Language
Program required for operating the
scanner.
SRAM 6116 2 These are 2K SRAM chips used to
store binary data that is scanned by
the scanner.
74LS138 1 This device is used to interface the
ROM and RAM chips.
74LS373 3 Octal latches for address lines.
74LS245 2 Bi-Directional buffer for data lines.
STEPPER These motors are responsible for
MOTORS movement along the X and Y
direction
 MEMORY ORGANIZATION

The memory design of the scanner contains 4KB of ROM in the beginning,
followed by 4 KB of RAM, and finally 4 more KB of ROM. Each of these is
composed of two 2KB chips for even and odd banking.
ROM1:
Starting Address: 00000H
Ending Address: 00FFFH
Address A19 A18 A17 A16 A15 A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
lines

Start 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
End 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

RAM1:
Starting Address: 02000H
Ending Address: 02FFFH

Address A19 A18 A17 A16 A15 A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
lines

Start 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
End 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ROM2:
Starting Address: FF000H
Ending Address: FFFFFH
Address A19 A18 A17 A16 A15 A15 A14 A13 A12 A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
lines

Start 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
End 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1