Electronic Systems and Technologies - Formulas

T 

  √
Noise Voltage 4 
Peak Envelop Power
 N
  
Noise Power
V. &.  X
Carrier Swing
   
Shot Noise !Current% X
DY 
Modulation Index
& & YD
!'%  () *+,
  XJE[

Signal - to - Noise Ratio Z
Modulation Ratio/Deviation Ratio
&
& XDJK
!'%  ) *+,


XDJK  ]^ _`
FM Broadcast
!&/%1 XDJK  ^ _`
FM TV Sound
/ 
Noise Factor
!&/%
  !X = YD %
Carsonb sRule
/!'%  !&/%1 !'% - !&/% !'%
Noise Figure
  ^!YE - ]. 6%
FM Channel Number
45  6)!/ - (%
Equivalent Temperature
c) '
&/ 
Shape Factor
/ - ( /? - ( / - ( c '
/  /( = = = @=
Friss’s Formula
>( >( > >( > >? … >B(
/ !'%  ) *+, ( = 5 d
Image Rejection Ratio

D
D
Modulation Index Y1DJkh Yl1kLJm

E fghih, d  -
Yl1kLJm Y1DJkh

DJK -
D1L
D
Modulation Index

DJK =
D1L  p ()((
no
Velocity in Orbit !m/s%
' = h
D  D(  = D  = @ = D 
Total Modulation Index

D D
E h xyv N

M& 
N&  
Upper and Lower Sideband Voltages s  tuvB( w {
Angle of Declination
  _ = h !( - z+x N%

D '  ! h = g% - ! h z+x s% - h xyv s

Satellite Range
M&  N&  
Upper and Lower Sideband Power
 E
€ 
D >   ~ ‚
Power Gain!Parabolic%
&  
Sideband Power 
 E
])
D s
Beamwidth!Parabolic%
€
  E R( = S
Transmitted Power

iJ'
„
Antenna Ef…iciency
iJ' = 1L
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 Electronic Systems and Technologies - Formulas

[ ( = |i|
€ 
Power Density &f 
Standing Wave Ratio
i ( - |i|

?)[ N
†
Electric Field Strength s  ?c)
Phase Shift
i 
?]] i  i 1
Re…lected Power
‡ 
Characteristic Impedance
√ˆi
N  1 - i  1 !( - i %
Power of Load
YE
ZM/ 
Maximum Usable Frequency (
z+x s N !'%  ) *+,
Return Loss
i
‰f/  ). Š^ZM/
Optimum Working Frequency
(hThi  Š. cŠc '
'!D%  (]g[ !D% = (]gi !D%
Radio Horizon Distance

Tg 
Phase Wavelength
Ž

Number of Cells
o( - ~YE ‚

?. ci Y

N E
‡  o
Characteristic Impedance nTg 
Phase Velocity
V
o( - ~YE ‚


]c € Y
‡  *+,
Characteristic Impedance!Parallel - wire%
ˆ
√ i '

(?Š € YE 
‡  *+,
Characteristic Impedance!Coaxial Cable% k  o( - ~ ‚
Group Wavelength
' Y
ˆ
√ i
nT (
nY  
Velocity Factor YE 
E √ˆi nk  Eo( - ~ ‚
Group Velocity
Y

i
i
Re…lection Coef…icient nk nTg  E
Relationship between group and phase velocity

1

‡N - ‡‰ E
i
Re…lection Coef…icient YE 
Cut - off Frequency
‡N = ‡‰ J
?]]
&f - ( ‡ 
Characteristic Impedance
i
Re…lection Coef…icient
&f = (
o( - ~YE ‚


Y

DJK
&f 
Standing Wave Ratio

D1L

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 Electronic Systems and Technologies - Formulas


i Y1 
Y€ 
Doppler Frequency   €o
Coupling Factor
E ŽhYY
L
sE  xyvB(
Critical Angle
L( (
›
Half - Power Beamwidth
√>
s1L  xyvB( L(  - L 
Acceptance Angle

N  ). [ = ). 
Via Net Loss in dB!t in ms%
Ž  L(  - L 
Numerical Aperture
YV  !Y/ - Y(l[ mE %
Capture range of PLL
). ?Š?
iDJK 
Maximum Radius of the Core YN  !YmJl[ mE - Y/ %
Lock range of PLL
Ž
V  f *+,  Z
Hartley Law
€ 
N  ~ ‚
Path Loss
 V  f *+,  !( = &/%
Shannon - Hartley Theorem

f Jnh
L'(!D% '!D% €V  
Duty Cycle
 (]. ?o
Fresnel Radius   ThJ
Y>_` '!D%
( (
n  ??(. ^ = ). c)]V
for T ‘ 20”    
Pulse Rate Repitition
  /

•  ?
n  ??(. ^o
for T – 20” 45  ( = =
Equivalent Noise Resistance
]? >(  >(  > 

45
YE  (( - L
Center Frequency of Channel /  ( =
Noise Factor
&
YE  ?] = ŠL
Center Frequency of Group

L — D = L = (
Number of Hamming Bits

L  !L - (%
Power of ˜ level code

f  f
Noise Bandwidth @ 3 dB

(
f 
Noise Bandwidth
 € V

)? 
>!'%  () *+, ~ ‚
Gain
›

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