Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani

Department of Mathematics
Algebra-1, MATH F215
First Semester 2019-20 Tutorial sheet-3 Instructor: Jitender Kumar

Topics Covered: Normal subgroups, Quotient groups, Group Homomorphisms, Iso-

morphism

1. Show that the cyclic subgroup of the symmetric group S3 generated by (12) is not
normal in S3 .
G
2. Let N be a normal subgroup of G. Prove that N is abelian if and only if xyx−1 y −1 ∈ N
for all x, y ∈ G.
  
a b
3. Let G = : ad 6= 0 be the group of all real 2 × 2 matrices under matrix
0 d
  
1 b
multiplication. Let N = : b ∈ R . Prove that
0 1

(a) N is a normal subgroup of G.

G
(b) N
is abelian.
G
4. If H is a subgroup of a group G such that x2 ∈ H for all x ∈ G. Prove that H
is
abelian.
Q
5. Show that every element of Z
has finite order but that there are elements of arbitrarily
large order.

6. Let G be the additive group of all n × n matrices with real entries, and let R be the
additive group of real numbers. Then which of the following map φ : G → R is a
homomorphism

(i) φ(A) = detA for all A ∈ G;

(ii) φ(A) = traceA for all A ∈ G.

7. If φ is a homomorphism of G into Ḡ with kernel K, then show that K is a normal

subgroup of G.

8. A homomorphism φ of G into Ḡ is an isomorphism iff ker φ = {e}.

9. Let φ be a homomorphism of G into Ḡ. Then

(i) if a ∈ G, then φ(an ) = {φ(a)}n , n being an integer;

(ii) if a ∈ G and o(a) is finite, then o(φ(a)) is a divisor of o(a).
10. For the homomorphism φ : Z → Z10 such that φ(1) = [6], find ker φ and φ(18).

11. Let φ be a homomorphism from Z24 onto Z8 . Find ker φ.

Z
12. Show that a finite cyclic group of order n is isomorphic to the quotient group nZ
, where
nZ = {nx : x ∈ Z}.

13. Let G and Ḡ be two finite groups such that (o(G), o(Ḡ)) = 1. Then find all the
homomorphisms from G to Ḡ.

14. Find all the homomorphisms from the group (Z6 , +) to (Z4 , +).

15. Let φ be an isomorphism of G onto Ḡ. Then

(i) Ḡ is commutative if and only if G is commutative.

(ii) Ḡ is cyclic if and only if G is cyclic. Also, note that if a is a generator of G, then
φ(a) is a generator of Ḡ.