International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2017; 4(3): 454-459
P-ISSN: 2394-1685
E-ISSN: 2394-1693
Impact Factor (ISRA): 5.38
IJPESH 2017; 4(3): 454-459
© 2017 IJPESH
www.kheljournal.com
Received: 18-03-2017
Accepted: 19-04-2017
Indra Adi Budiman
Majalengka University
West Java, Indonesia
Correspondence
Indra Adi Budiman
Majalengka University
West Java, Indonesia
Comparison of the effects of fartlek exercise and
interval training towards the improvement of Vo2
maximum
Indra Adi Budiman
Abstract
This research is motivated by the writer's observation in the field, that the application of physical
education model in Elementary School only emphasizes on physical aspect, so the result of his learning is
only a quality improvement in psychomotor aspect and ignore the cognitive, and affective aspects of the
student. With the application of a model of learning that combines aspects of cognitive, affective, and
psychomotor the writer expect to guide students to be able to develop intact cognitively, affectively, and
psikomotorik. The purpose of this study to determine how much influencing the application of self-
regulated learning model approach towards the student analytical ability on learning physical education.
The research method used in this research is the experimental method. The research design used is
Posttest Only Control Design. It also uses questionnaire instruments regarding analytical skills. After
being tested with all requirements of data analysis, followed by hypothesis test using t-test, it is proven
that the model of physical education learning using Self Regulated Learning approach has a significant
influence on students' analytical ability of elementary school. It is thus expected that the Physical
Education teachers use the Self Regulated Learning approach model in Physical Education learning.
Keywords: Self Regulated Learning Model, Student’ Analytical Ability, Learning Physical Education
Introduction
One sport that is now increasingly popular and in the interest of community sport is soccer.
Football is a team sport, which every team consists of eleven players, each player has a
different role. Many people do sport of football just for recreational purposes and maintain his
fitness, but not the least among the public, especially young people who cultivate the sport is
for the purpose of achievement.
Sucipto, (2000: 7) [20]. Argues that, "Sport football is just put the ball into the goal as many as
possible to his opponent and trying to keep his own net, so it is not goal. Furthermore,
according to the rules of football game Law of The Game issued by FIFA (2013) [5]. In Rule 7
described that:
"A football game is played in 2 (two) round. The length of time of each half is 45 minutes,
with a 15 minute break. In the decisive match in the final instance, in case of the same value,
then for the winner is given an additional round time for 2 x 15 minutes with no intermission.
If the extra time 2 x 15 minute values are still the same, it will proceed with penalty kicks to
determine which team wins. "
In the game of football with the length of time the game 2 x 45 minute course every player
should have good physical fitness to be able to play to the maximum. Badriah (2012: 31) [3]. in
her book “Physiology of the sport” explains that "physical fitness is the body's ability to
perform various movements without experiencing significant fatigue and recover quickly
before the arrival of the task the next day". It is also to support the success of the
implementation process of movement skills in the sport of football, such as endurance and
stamina. Harsono (1988: 155) [9]. Describes the "Durability is a state or condition of the body
that is able to work with a long time, without experiencing fatigue which means" stamina
described above is higher level of durability of the endurance. Then player should seek to
improve the durability to become stamina through certain exercises. Before doing exercise to
increase endurance to become stamina athlete must have a level of endurance.
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International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health
Therefore aerobic power will only have to increase anaerobic
power, and never happens if aerobic power is greater than
anaerobic power except on the recovery. Giriwijoyo (2012:
165) [7]. Argues that "it will never happen aerobic capacity is
lower than the anaerobic capacity that has been owned at the
time". It means that in order to improve aerobic capacity, the
load / intensity exercises should overload = supramaximal and
the duration which is adequate for aerobic exercise.
According Sukadiyanto and Muluk (2011: 83) [21]. says
"VO2max is the ability of the human respiratory organs for
breathing oxygen as much as possible during exercise
(physical activity)", To make the program endurance
exercises the lungs and the heart of determining exercise
intensity rather than being based on the maximum heart rate
can also be based on a percentage of the VO2 maximum at
anaerobic threshold or someone.
Anaerobic threshold is the transfer of energy through aerobic
system support shifted into the anaerobic system. In an effort
to increase the VO2 maximum soccer athletes of Majalengka
University students should focuse on endurance training
which is a model of practice that is used to improve the
durability of the lung and heart. The method used is fartlek
training and interval training. Fartlek according to its creator
should be open in nature where there are hills, thickets,
ditches to jump, sandy soil, lawn soil, soft soil and so the
question is not in nature where the land is flat and dull
landscape. Harsono (1988: 156) [9]. "Interval training is a
workout or exercise system that is interspersed with intervals
in the form of a period of rest". So in practice is; break -
exercise - break - exercise - rest and so on. Interval training is
an important way of training to be included in the overall
training program. To improve the ability of college football
athletes of Majalengka university they need to do exercises
that lead to the formation of the physical condition, technique,
strategy and mental. During these exercises to improve the
physical condition, especially endurance and stamina they
usefratlek training methods and interval training.
Seeing the problems seen in the background of the above
problems, the authors are interested in doing research on:
"Comparative Effects of Fartlek and Interval Training To
Increase VO2 Max".
Literature
According Muhajir cited by Dian Ika (2007: 7), states that
"football is a game made with the punt, which has the
objective to put the ball into the opponent's goal and defend
the wicket in order not conceded a ball".
In playing the ball, each player is allowed to use the whole
body except the hands and arms. Only the goalkeeper is
allowed to play ball with the feet and hands. Football is a
team game, each team consists of eleven players.
Based on the above opinion can be concluded that football is
a team game played by two teams, each team consists of
eleven players, including goalkeeper. Each team tried to put
the ball into the opposing goal in a game that lasts 2 x 45
minutes. A squad was declared the winner when the teams
can put the ball into the goal more and conceded fewer balls
when compared with his opponent.
Basic Technique Football
To be able to generate an optimal football game, then the
player should be able to master the techniques in the game.
The basic technique is to play football is the ability to perform
movements or doing something completely detached from the
game of football. According Sneyers cited by Raharjo (2007:
~ 455 ~
94) argues: "some basic techniques to learn is to control the
ball with the feet, thighs, chest and head, the ball forward
without being held, dribbling, kicks while salto, pass short
and long, throw the ball, direct and indirect kick, a corner kick
short and long, the ball, to give effect to the ball and so forth
". While Fuchs cited by Raharjo (2007: 94) states, "classifies
the techniques of playing football skills consisted of kicking,
trapping, dribbling, volleying, heading and throw-ins. three
basic techniques that must be owned by a player, although
there are other techniques ". Meanwhile, according to Usli et
al. (2008: 39) argues "there are seven basic techniques in
football, namely: 1). Passing, 2). Stopping 3). Dribbling, 4).
Heading, 5).Throw in, 6).Tackling. 7). Trapping 7).
Goalkeeper.
Savin and Sushikov cited by Yunus et al. (2009: 11) argues
that "the basic engineering skills in the game of football are:
(1) kicking skills; (2) the skill to control the ball; (3)
depriving ball skills; (4) the skills to throw the ball; and (5)
wicket keeping skills ". The same is expressed by Dietrich
(2009: 11) that "whoever seeks to be a soccer player good,
first of all should be able to kick and headings, also to be
mastered skills base to carry dribbling and controlling",
Understanding Exercises
Physical, functional ability and quality of body equipment of
a football player who wants to master the motor skills need to
be exercised systematically as well as targeted and
sustainable. In principle, the exercise is a process of change
towards the better.
According Sukadiyanto and Muluk (2011: 5) [21]. Mentions
"the exercise of the said practice is an activity to improve the
skills (skills) exercise using various equipment in accordance
with the objectives and needs of branches of sport".
Meanwhile, according to Harsono (1988: 101) [9]. states,
"Exercise or training is a systematic process of training or
work, which is done repeatedly, by increasing the amount of
load or work at every practice."
Based on the description of understanding exercise includes
practice, exercise and training as well as supporting the
achievement of training objectives is by loading it can be
concluded that the main task of the exercise is to explore,
assembles and develops the concept of practicing with a
combination of practical experience and the approaches, so
that the training process can take place precisely, fast,
effective and efficient.
It is a key component of the exercise or important things to be
considered in determining the dosage and the training load.
Moreover component of the exercise as a benchmark and
benchmarks crucial to achieve the goals and objectives
whether or not a practice that has been developed and
implemented.
According Sukadiyanto and Muluk (2011: 25) [21]. states: "an
error in determining the components of exercise causes
exercise goals will not be achieved as planned resulted in the
training process does not result in supercompensationand does
not give a positive impact on the state of the body of an
athlete." "Supercompensation is the process of changing the
functional quality of the equipment body into a better
direction, as a result of the influence of external loads the
appropriate treatment". As for some kind of exercise
components, namely:
1. Intensity: According Sukadiyanto and Muluk (2011: 26)
[21]
. states that "The intensity is a measure that indicates
the quality (quality) of an excitatory or loading".
2. Volume: According Sukadiyanto and Muluk (2011: 28)
International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health
[21]
. States that "the volume is a measure of the quantity
(amount) of an excitatory or loading".
While in the process of training methods used to increase the
volume of training can be done by exercise: (a) aggravated,
(b) prolonged, (c) accelerated, or (d) be reproduced.
Fartlek Training
Harsono (1998: 155) System fartlek workout created by
GostaHolemer of Sweden is an endurance training system
which means to build, restore or maintain the condition of a
person's body. In this exercise the athletes can decide the
type, intensity and duration of exercise or depending on the
circumstances and the condition of the athlete at the time.
Thus, athletes are free to play around at their own pace, free
to vary the speed, distance and route path. This exercise will
be helpful to avoid boredom in practice.
According Harsono (2001: 10) [10]. Mentions "fartlek run or
speedplay is a form of exercise that is running in the open air
for as long as 1 to 3 hours.
Further Harsono (1988: 156) [9]. states that: "fartlek usually
start with a run slow - slow later in the variation of the sprint -
short sprints intensive and run the middle distance with a
constant velocity is high enough, then interspersed with
jogging and sprint again, and so on. "
Meanwhile, according to Sukadiyanto and Muluk fartlek run
is "the activity of running (such as hollow sprints) will be
undertaken by means of road, jogging, sprints, and the road
constantly.". For example training fartlek with duration of 45
minutes, its implementation began with a jog for 6 minutes as
a warm, interspersed scamper 50-60 meters, continue the road
one minute and jog 3 minutes, then sprinting again 50-60
meters and so on, so between jogging and roads are
interspersed with sprinting.
Based on expert opinions above authors conclude that run
fartlek is a system of exercise that is done in the open, starting
with a run jogging in the sprint and then proceed to the next
street and so on. As seen in Figure 1 below:
Fig 1: Run Fartlek
(Harsono, 2001)
Interval Training
Interval training method is the most appropriate method to
improve the physical quality of the athletes. In the method of
interval workout prefer giving time interval (intermission) at
the time between sets, with the shape of its activities, among
others, by running or swimming.
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According Mulyono cited by Rahim (2011: 48) mentions
"interval training is defined as" an activity that is done
repeatedly and each time interspersed with lighter activity ".
As the name implies that interval training is a training method
interspersed with intervals in the form of a period of rest.
According Sukadiyanto and Muluk (2011: 29) [21]. States "rest
time interval is given at the time between series, circuits or
between sessions per unit exercise". The difference is that the
recovery is given at the time between sets or reps (repetition),
while the interval between the series given at the time, circuits
or between sessions per unit training. The principle is always
giving shorter recovery time (shorter) than the delivery time
interval. While EngkosKosasih cited by Indrayana (2012: 5)
meneybutkan "Interval training is a certain distance with the
number of replications, determined critical distance to go,
time and rest, and how much repetition".
According Badriah (2011: 47) [2]. explains that "The form of
the different exercises will give effect to the different
physiology". Basically the only two forms of physical
exercises are: aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise.
Based on the explanation above, in the implementation of
interval training should also be able to pay attention to the
type and form of exercise because it can affect the increase in
VO2max athletes.
As for the rules or menu for interval training exercise program
remotely by Rushall and Pyke cited by Sukadiyanto and
Muluk (2011: 75) [21]. is can be seen in the following table:
Table 1: Menu distance interval training program
Intensitas 85-90% maximum (DJ. 180 - 200x / minutes
Durasi 2-5 minutes
Recovery 1: 1 to 1: 2 (DJ. 130 - 140x / minutes
Interval 2 – 8 menutes
Repetisi 3 – 12 times
Source: Sukadiyanto and Muluk, physical training (2011)
Itself VO2 Max
According Sukadiyanto and Muluk (2011: 83) [21]. states
"VO2max is the ability of the human respiratory organs for
breathing oxygen as much as possible during exercise
(physical activity)", while according Wiarto (2013: 15) argues
"VO2 max is the maximum volume of O2 are processed by
the human body at the time of intensive activity". According
Sharkley (2011: 74) mentions "aerobic fitness (VO2 max) is
defined as the maximum capacity for a breath, distribute, and
use oxygen". So VO2max is the maximum volume of O2 are
processed by the human body during physical activity.
Volume O2 max is a body's ability level expressed in liters
per minute or milliliters / min / kg.
If the maximum physical exercise regularly, then the
production of lactic acid becomes less at the time of
maximum physical exercise. In addition, the physiological
response of the body is also changing the time of maximum
physical exercise, among other changes in oxygen
consumption and CO2 production becomes less.
Research Methods
The research method is a way to get the truth of science or
solve problems. According Suharsimi Arikunto (2006: 160)
states that, "The research method is a method used by
researchers to collect data research". This concurs with
Badriah (2012: 143) [3]. who explains that, "The research
method is a method used in data collection".
The method used in this research is the experimental method.
Experiments are always done with the intent to see the effects
of a treatment.
International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health
Research Design
The design of the study is the design of the Pre-test and Post-
test Group. According Suharsimi Arikunto (2006: 85) design
Pre-test and Post-test Group are as follows:
O1 X O2
The flow of research by the author steps described in Figure 2
as follows:
Fig 2: Flow-step research
Technique Analysis Data
Before doing the analysis of data for the purposes of the
description of variable or to test the hypothesis we must
subject to data processing. Data processing techniques used to
transform raw data from measurement results into data that is
more subtle so as to provide direction for further assessment.
To process the measurement data technical researchers used
data analysis using SPSS 20. The processing steps of data in
this study are as follows:
1. Finding the lowest value, highest value, average, standard
deviation and variance. Here are the steps: open SPSS>
on the menu bar select Analyze> then select the
descriptive statistics and data inputs, and will descriptive
menu appears>pilihoption> then click mean, std
deviation, variance, maximum and minimum> then click
ok.
2. Test Normalitasdata using SPSS 17 Here are the steps:
open SPSS> on the menu bar select Analyze> then select
descriptive statistics> select Explore appeared explore
menu> click plots> click normaly with test plots> click
factor leaves together> click power estimation> click ok
Rule SPSS Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, as for the basis of
decision making is if sig. or a probability value> 0.05 then
said normal data distribution, and if sig. or a probability value
of <0.05 then said data distribution is not normal.
3. Test Homogeneity data using SPSS Statistics 17 with
Levene's test
Table 2: Description Data
Test n lowest scores
Fartlek GroupPre test 15 22.5
Post test 15 33.6
Interval GroupPre Test 15 23.9
Post Test 15 36.0
Here are the steps: open SPSS> on the menu bar select
Analyze> compare means> one-way ANOVA> input data>
Options menu> enable selection of the variance homogeinity>
OK
This test is calculated using lavene test (α = 0.05). With the
provision when sig. or the probability value is greater than
0.05 (Sig> 0.05), then the data is homogeneous, whereas if
the Sig. or Probilitas value less than 0.05 (Sig. <0.05), then
the data is not homogeneous.
4. Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis test using SPSS 17 using Statistical Parametric
Test T, here are the steps:
a. Simple Paired T - Test
Paired-sample T test is the analysis involves two
measurements on the same subject to any influence or specific
treatment. If a treatment is not given effect, the average
difference is zero.
Here's how to make Test Paired Simple T - Test: Open SPSS>
Click Analyze> Compare Means> Paired-Samples T Test>
Click variables Before and After sequentially so that the two
variables are unblocked and press tmbol the arrow so that the
couple appeared on the box Paired Variables > Click the
Options so that the default rate of 95% and Exclude cases
analysis by analysis selected> Click Continue> OK
b. Test Independent Sample T-Test is used to test the
significance of the average difference of two groups. This test
is used to test the effect of independent variables on the
dependent variable.
Here's how to do Independent - Sample T Test: Open SPSS>
Click Analyze> Compare Means> Independent-Samples T
Test> Enter the variable Y in the Test Variable (s) and the
variable X in the box Grouping Variable> Click the Define
Group, enter a value of variable X1 and X2 in group 1 and 2>
Click continue to return to the dialog box Independent-
Sample T Test> Click Options select a trust level of 95% and
Exclude cases analysis by analysis selected> Click Continue
and OK.
Results and Discussion
Data retrieval is done on each sample group is twice that of
data retrieval initial test and final test data for maximum VO2
test. Data preliminary tests taken before the sample is given
treatment in the form of fartlek training for groups A and
interval training exercises for group B, while the final test is
taken after the student is given treatment in the form of
training and interval training fartlek intervals.
The data used to analyze the results of this study are the data
obtained from the initial tests and the final test VO2
maximum. Data is analyzed by a statistical test to determine
the level of difference in the initial test results and final test
results. Here are three descriptions of test data obtained
during the initial test and final test
Description of the maximum VO2 test result data obtained
from the initial tests and the final test can be seen in Table 2.
highest scores Mean standard deviation variance
33.9 28.61 3.8879 15.116
45.5 41.12 3.0725 9.440
32.9 27.89 2.5659 6.584
44.2 40.05 2.3947 5.731
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International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health
In the group of fartlek trainning initial tests in the data
obtained from the total sample of 15 people is as follows
scores an average of 28.61 with the lowest score of 22.5 and
33.9 with a highest score of 15 116 standard deviations and
variance of 3.8879.
At the end of the test trainning fartlek group in the data
obtained from the total sample of 15 people is as follows
scores an average of 41.12 with the lowest score of the
highest scores of 33.6 and 45.5 with standard deviations
3.0725 and variance of 9,440.
In the initial test group trainning interval in the data obtained
from the total sample of 15 people is as follows scores an
average of 27.89 with the lowest score of 23.9 and 32.9 with a
highest score of 2.5659 standard deviations and variances for
6584.
Table 3: Normality Test Results
No Research data
1 K_ fartlekFre Test Data
Post Tes Data
2 K_Interval Fre Test Data
Post Test Data tes
Based on the above table, it can be seen that in a significant
column (Sig) initial test result data and the final test fartlek
group is 0.200 or probability value> 0.05 means normal data
distribution. And in a significant column (Sig.) Data from the
Pre test and post test data interval training group was 0.097
and 0.200 or probability value> 0.05 means the normal
distribution of data.
2. Test Homogeneity
Homogeneity test conducted with a view to determine the
Table 4: Homogeneity Test Results
No Research data
Based on the average value Based on median values
1 K_fartlek Fre Test & Post Test Data
2 K_Interval Fre Test & Post Test Data
By looking at the table above, it can be concluded that the
data obtained are Homogeneous. Because research data
above normal and homogeneous, then the statistical test used
is a parametric statistical test by using Paired Sample t Test.
Hypothesis Testing
1. Allegedly there is significant from doing fartlek training to
increase maximal VO2.
Obtained t calculate equal to 11,175 and the value of t table
(0025; 14) was 2,145.
 0,025 is obtained a significant level of 5%: 2 = 2.5%
(0.025), in the two as do two-sided test.
 14 is the degrees of freedom (df) is n - 1 = 15 -1 = 14.
Because the value of t is greater than t table (11,175> 2,145),
then Ho is rejected HI accepted meaning, with the word that
there are significant differences between the free test and post
test. Fartlek training means a significant influence on the
increase in the maximum VO2.
2. Presumably there is significant from doing interval training
to increase maximal VO2.
Obtained at 20 753 t and t table (0025; 14) was 2,145.
 0,025 is obtained a significant level of 5%: 2 = 2.5%
(0.025), in the two as do two-sided test.
 14 is the degrees of freedom (df) is n - 1 = 15 -1 = 14.
At the end of the test group trainning interval in the data
obtained from the total sample of 15 people is as follows
scores an average of 40.05 with the lowest score of 36.0 and
44.2 with a highest score of 2.3947 standard deviations and
variance of 5,731.
1. Normality Test
Normality test calculation results of this research data
obtained through calculations using SPSS 17 with the
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test equipment. The basis for decision
making is if sig. or a probability value> 0.05 then said normal
data distribution, and if sig. or a probability value <0.05 then
said data distribution is not normal. Here is a normality test
results from research data have been obtained from the results
of the pre test and post test. Data normality test results are:
Test results Kolmogorov - smirnov
Df Conclusion
Sig.
15 0.200 Normal
15 0.200 Normal
15 0.097 Normal
15 0.200 Normal
level of homogeneous variance of each group of tests. This
test is required as a condition for comparing data between the
test group, namely the initial test data and test data end. This
test is calculated using lavene test (α = 0.05). With the
provision when sig. or the probability value is greater than
0.05 (Sig> 0.05), then the data is homogeneous, whereas if
the Sig. or Probilitas value less than 0.05 (Sig. <0.05), then
the data is not homogeneous. The result of the homogeneity
test can be seen in Table 4.
Sig. or Probability
Conclusion
0.178 0.229 Homogeneous
0.682 0.703 Homogeneous
Because the value of t is greater than t table (20 753> 2145),
then Ho is rejected HI accepted meaning, with the word that
there are significant differences between the free test and post
test. Interval training means a significant influence on the
increase in the maximum VO2.
3. Allegedly comparisons significant effect of doing fartlek
and interval training to increase VO2 trainning.
Obtained t count of -3731 and the value of t table (0025; 28)
is 2,048.
 0,025 is obtained a significant level of 5%: 2 = 2.5%
(0.025), in the two as do two-sided test.
 28 is the degrees of freedom (df) is n - 1 = 30-2 = 28.
Because the value of t is greater than t table (-3731 <2.048),
then Ho is rejected HI accepted meaning, in other words that
there is a difference between the results of the test group
fartlek training to the test results trainning interval group.
Based on the average increase in VO2 maximum. From each
group, the average increase is best fartlek group trainning
with an average increase of 12:51 compared to an increase in
the interval group trainning at 12:16. But either way fartlek
and interval training are equally significant impact on the
increase in the maximum VO2.
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International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health

Conclusion
Based on the results of calculation and data processing
maximal VO2 result after being given treatment fartlek
training and interval training, can be summed up as follows:
1. Fartlek training have a significant influence on the
increase of the maximum VO2.
2. Interval training has a significant influence on the
increase in the maximum VO2.
3. There are significant differences of fartlek training with
interval training in giving effect to the increase in the
maximum VO2.

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