PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD

NEGRITOS

- They came during the old stone age

- Walking dry-shod through Malay Peninsula, Borneo and the land bridges.

- also known as Aetas.

- they have thought to have arrived in the Philippines around 13,000 to10,000 years ago.

- in early times they lived widespread throughout the Philippines.

- now, you can only find them around remote highlands areas of the country (Some areas of Luzon,

Mindanao, Panay and Palawan)

INDONESIAN

-First sea-immigrants and belonged to the new stone age.

-They are of mongoloid race with Caucasian affinities

- Neolithic or New Stone Age

MALAYS

-Belonged to their on-age culture.

-They are daring and culture loving and are of the brown race

- Arrived around 2300 years ago

- from Asia mainland

- they are the one who brought the advance culture; iron melting, processing of iron tools, pottery and

Sawah’s rice technique system.

 MUSIC

BAMBOO ZITHER

-Chrordophones from bukidnon that are used to accompany ethnic dances

- Bamboo polychordal tube zither

- also known as Kolintong in Kalinga

- the strings are numbered from one to six, from lowest to highest pitch.
GANGSA

-Flat gongs made of wood and iron used by the Cordillera group Gaffang

- a type of metallophone which is used mainly in Balinese, Javanese Gamelan.

- gaffing are the natives from cordillera group.

KULINTANG

-Gongs of graduated sizes in a row

- a modern term of an instrumental form of music composed on a row of small, horizontally-laid gongs

that function melodically.

- the kulintang is also called kulintang by the Maranao and those in Sulawesi, kulintangan by those in

Sulu Archipelago and totobuang by those in central Maluku.

- Kulintang music is considered an ancient tradition that predates the influence of Hinduism, Islam,

Christianity, and the West.

- in the Philippines, it represents the highest form of going music attained by Filipinos.
 ARCHITECTURE

LEANTO/ LEAN-TO

- A portable roof and wall suitable for the nomadic lifestyle of a Negrito.

- The Aetas were the earliest inhabitants in the Philippines. They are nomadicccc and build only

temporary lean-to-shelters made of two forked stcks driven to the ground and covered with the palm of

the banana leaves. The more prosperous and modernized Aeatas have learned to lie in the villages on

tablelands and mountain clearings. They live in house made of bamboo and cogon grass.

BAY SINUG/ BAY SUG

-One-room gabbled roof house built on flat dryland also known as Tausug house

- The Bay Sug or the the house of tausug is usually a one-room partition less structure. The nine posts

of the tausug home correspond to various parts of the human anatomy:

The center post, the pipul(navel); the southeast and southwest corners, the pigi(hip); the northeast and

nrothwest corners, the agata (shoulder) ; the eastern and western sides of the center post , the gusuk
(ribs); the north post, the ilug (neck); and the south post, the hita( groin). All the eight non center posts

support the roof, which is given form by the ridge beam and is made from sari, nipa, sago palm, or

plaud(coconut palms from the marang tree.)

-The sungan is a roof style, which is ventilated by a hole formed by having only two slopes meeting at

the apex.

-They decorate the bilik (room) with a large luhul or rectangular cloth to catch leaves, dust, and pests.

-Usually on flatland, the house is entered through sala (porch), a roofless platform attached to the sides

of the structure.

-The porch serves as a welcoming area for visitors

-Sometimes the porch has railings of bamboo and wood. On the front porch is a long high bench

comfortable enough for restig on especially during warm weather. Heare, older people gather to smoke

or chew their tobaco and buyo.

TOROGAN
-The ancestral home of a Maranao Sultan which has Ornate beam sand massive posts

- Torogan (lit. "resting place" or "sleeping place"), is a traditional house built by the Maranao people of

Lanao, Mindanao, Philippines.

- A torogan was a symbol of high social status. Such a residence was once a home to a sultan or Datu in

the Maranao community. Nowadays, concrete houses are found all over Maranaw communities, but

there remain torogans a hundred years old. The best-known are in Dayawan and Marawi City, and

around Lake Lanao.

- A torogan is elevated above the ground by columns cut from trees of huge girth. Its walls are covered

with plywood sticks and the roof thatched with dried coconut leaves. There is no interior partition, so it

appears as a huge hall. Apart from the basic elements of this structure, it is intricately engraved with

the flowing geometries of the Maranaw design system called okir.

- A torogan is not complete without the legendary bird Sarimanok being displayed inside. Furniture is

also common among Maranaws. The Kawayan Torogan, built by Sultan sa Kawayan Makaantal in

Bubung Malanding, Marantao, Lanao del Sur, the last remaining habitable torogan, was declared as a

National Cultural Treasure by the National Museum of the Philippines in 2008.There are also existing

torogans in various locations in Lanao such as the Dayawan Torogan of Marawi and Laguindab

Torogan of Ganassi.

- All are in need of massive funding for their rehabilitation. These collection of torogans from various

towns in Lanao are being pushed to be included in the tentative list of the Philippines in the UNESCO

World Heritage List.

 SCULPTURE

MANGGUL JAR (Pottery)

-A 3500-year-old jar which depicts 2 boatmen riding a banca on their way to the great divide.

- the boatman is steering it rather than padding the ship.

- it was one of the numerous jars found in a cave that was believed to be a burial site. Manunggul was a

part of the archeologically significant Tabon Cave Complex in Lipuun Point, Quezon, PALAWAN in

1964.
TINGGUIAN MAIDEN (Jewelry)

-Used as an earring ornament clasp which depicts the face of a Filipino Malay woman.
UKKIL (Wood Carvings)

-Gender marker on graves. Hexagonal for male, flat combs for female. Also known as sunduk.

- it is also the term for geometric and flowing plant-based designs and folk motifs that can be usually

found among the Moro and Lumad peoples of the Southern Philippines, as well as parts of Sabah.
 PAINTINGS

PINTADOS (Tattoo)

-Means painted ones.

-They are inhabitants of the Visayan island.

- Were coined by the Spaniards when they arrived in 1663. This means ‘painted onse’ because the

Visayan men they saw had tattoos. In the Cordillera region, it is called fatek. They used sharp metals

which was sterilized by fire/ heat to create the design to show who they are In their community. Men

with more tattoos signifies that they are brave warriors, while women also have tattoos on heir hands.

They do this to celebrate good harvest or wining in a war.

- women were also tattooed, to enhance their beauty, for fertility and to serve as means of clothing.
SILUP (Tattoo)

-Tattoo imitating the upper garment worn by the men of North Kalinga.

- women were also tattooed, to enhance their beauty, for fertility and to serve as means of clothing.

- They are also inhabitants of the Visayan island.

PETROGLYPHS

- Oldest known artwork in the Philippines which can be found at the boundary of Angono and

Binangonan Rizal.

- The center post, the pipul(navel); the southeast and southwest corners, the pigi(hip); the northeast and

nrothwest corners, the agata (shoulder) ; the eastern and western sides of the center post , the gusuk

(ribs); the north post, the ilug (neck); and the south post, the hita( groin). All the eight non center posts

support the roof, which is given form by the ridge beam and is made from sari, nipa, sago palm, or

plaud(coconut palms from the marang tree.)

- The sungan is a roof style, which is ventilated by a hole formed by having only two slopes meeting at

the apex.

- They decorate the bilik (room) with a large luhul or rectangular cloth to catch leaves, dust, and pests.

- Usually on flatland, the house is entered through sala (porch), a roofless platform attached to the sides

of the structure.

- The porch serves as a welcoming area for visitors

- Sometimes the porch has railings of bamboo and wood. On the front porch is a long high bench

comfortable enough for restig on especially during warm weather. Heare, older people gather to smoke

or chew their tobaco and buyo.

GROUP 1

JAVIER, Patrisha Anne

MACARIO, Ravia Leigh

ABADIER, Xyra Anne

ILAG, Krysthea Darryn

DISTAL, Rydz Aldwynn

SARTE, Erica