Introduction To Load Line Survey - Ass2014

wasito@klasifikasiindonesia.
com
Phone. 08129004021
BIRO KLASIFIKASI INDONESIA
1
Indonesian Flag Ship Load Line Survey
Peraturan Menteri
International
Perhubungan KM.3
Convention on Load Line
Tahun 2005 tentang
1966
Lambung Timbul Kapal
(ICLL 1966)
(KM.3 / 2005)
2
The overall objectives
Safe working platform for
Adequate reserve buoyancy
the crew (the freeboard is
(weather conditions and sea
prepared on the basis of
state)
deck wetness principle)
Loadline marked on the
ship’s sides
3
ICLL 1966
Applies to ships in
Came into force 1 July international traffic with a
1968 length of 24 m and more
(Article 4 & 5)
4
Article 5 : Exceptions
Ships of war
New ships of less than 24 metres in length
Existing ships of less than 150 tons gross
Pleasure yachts not engaged in trade
Fishing vessels
5
ICLL 1966: Contents
Annex I – Regulations for determining Load Lines
• Chapter I: General
• Chapter II: Assignment of freeboard
• Chapter III: Freeboards
• Chapter IV: Timber freeboard
Annex II – Zones, areas and seasonal periods
Annex III ‐ Certificates
6
Load Line Survey
Initial Survey Annual Survey Renewal Survey
to be done
to be done
Initial report to before the
within 3 months expiry date
be stored on
before or after
board anniversary (the certificate
is valid for 5
date years)
7
Ini
Initial Survey Report
To be
stored on
board
8
Annual Survey
1. Ensure that no alterations have been made
2. Check the maintenance and condition of:

• a) Protection of openings
• b) Guard rails and bulwarks
• c) Freeing ports
• d) Means of access to crew’s quarters
3. The annual survey shall be endorsed on the International Load

Line Certificate
9
Alterations of the
Ship
Reduction of Ship's
Flag transfer Strength (Class
withdrawal)
Deficiencies in:
Not endorsed • Closing appl.
Certificate (Annual
Invalid • Railings
Survey) Certificate • Freeing ports

• Means of access to
accommodation
10
Port State Control (Art. 21)
Ships are subject to port state control, to verifying that there is on
board a valid Load Line Certificate.
If there is a valid Certificate on board the ship, such control shall be
limited to the purpose of determining that:
• a) the ship is not over loaded
• b) the position of the load line mark corresponds with the certificate
• c) the ship has not been so materially altered in respect of the matters set out
in sub‐paragraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph (3) of Article 19 that the ship is unfit to
proceed to sea without danger to human life
11
Chapter I: General
Stability & Strength Subdivision
•The regulations assume that •The regulations also assume
the nature and stowage of the that where there are
cargo, ballast, etc., are such as to international requirements
secure sufficient stability of the relating to stability or
ship and the avoidance of subdivision, these requirements
excessive structural stress have been complied with
12
Strength and Intact Stability (Reg. 1)
General structural strength of the ship is
adequate for the draught corresponding
to the freeboard assigned.
A Class Registered Ship, which is

recognized by the administration, may be
considered to provide an acceptable level
of strength.
Ships shall comply with an intact stability

standard
13
14
14
Sheer Force & Banding Moment
15
Hydrostatic Pressure Diagram
p = water·g·d (N)
F = p·A
(Nm)
d
16
16
Hydrostatic Pressure Diagram
17
17
TORSIONAL FORCES
18
18
HULL DEFORMATION
19
19
Application (Reg. 2)
• (1) Ships with mechanical means of propulsion
or lighters, barges or other ships without
independent means of propulsion shall be
assigned freeboards in accordance with the
provisions of Regulations 1‐40 inclusive.
20
REGULATION 3:
Definitions and terms
21
21
Length (L)
The length (L) shall be taken as 96% of the total length on a waterline at 85% of the least moulded depth
measured from the top of the keel, or as the length from the fore side of the stem to the axis of the rudder
stock on that waterline, if that be greater.
For ships without a rudder stock, the length (L) is to be taken as 96% of the waterline at 85% of the least
moulded depth.
L = 0,96∙LWL or L = LPP (if greater)
22
23
24
25
26
Breadth (B)
Breadth is the maximum breadth of the ship, measured amidships to the moulded line of the frame
in a ship with a metal shell and to the outer surface of the hull in a ship with a shell of any other
material
27
Rake of Keel
Rake of keel is defined as the height the keel raises from AP to FP
28
Moulded Depth
The moulded depth is the vertical distance measured from the top of the keel to the top of the freeboard
deck beam at side
Defined as illustrated in the sketches below:
29
Moulded Depth
The moulded depth is the vertical distance measured from the top of the keel to the top of the freeboard
deck beam at side
or in the case of a wooden or composite ship:
30
Definition
(Reg. 3)
• The depth for freeboard (D) is the moulded depth amidships, plus the freeboard
deck thickness at side.
• The block coefficient (Cb) is given by:

Cb = Vol / (L.B.d1) Where d1 is 85 per cent of the least moulded depth.
• Freeboard. The freeboard assigned is the distance measured vertically downwards

amidships from the upper edge of the deck line to the upper edge of the related load
line.
• A superstructure is a decked structure on the freeboard deck, extending from side to

side of the ship or with the side plating not being inboard of the shell plating more
than 4 per cent of the breadth (B). A raised quarter deck is regarded as a
superstructure.
31
Superstructure
32
32
Definition: Enclose Superstructure
(Reg. 3)
An enclosed superstructure is a superstructure with:
• enclosing bulkheads of efficient construction;
• access openings, if any, in these bulkheads fitted with doors
complying with the requirements of Regulation 12;
• all other openings in sides or ends of the superstructure fitted with
efficient weathertight means of closing.
33
Freeboard Deck
The freeboard deck is normally the uppermost complete deck
exposed to weather and sea, which has permanent means of
closing all openings in the weather part thereof, and below
which all openings in the sides of the ship are fitted with
permanent means of watertight closing.
34
Watertight & Weathertight
35
Regulation 6: Lines to be used with the Load Line Mark
36
Fresh Water Allowance (Art. 12)
ICLL Reg 40: Fresh water allowance: Δ/40T cm deduction from the summer (salt water)
load line
Δ = displacement (tonnes) at the summer load waterline
T = tonnes/cm immersion at the summer load waterline
If the displacement at the summer load waterline cannot be certified, the deduction
shall be 1/48 of the summer loadline draft
37
38
Mark of Assigning Authority (Reg. 7)
The mark of the Authority by whom the load lines
are assigned may be indicated alongside the load
line ring above the horizontal line which passes
through the centre of the ring, or above and below
it. This mark shall consist of not more than four
initials to identify the Authority's name, each
measuring approximately 115 millimetres in height
and 75 millimetres in width
39
Detail of Marking (Reg. 8)
The ring, lines and letters shall be painted in white
or yellow on a dark ground or in black on a light
ground. They shall also be permanently marked on
the sides of the ships to the satisfaction of the
Administration. The marks shall be plainly visible
and, if necessary, special arrangements shall be
made for this purpose.
40
Verification of Marks (Reg.9)
• The International Load Line Certificate shall
not be delivered to the ship until the officer or
surveyor acting under the provisions of Article
13 of the Convention has certified that the
marks are correctly and permanently
indicated on the ship's sides
41
Information to be supplied to the Master
(Reg. 10)
•The master shall be supplied with sufficient information, to arrange for the loading and
to be supplied ballasting of this ship in such a way as to avoid the creation of any unacceptable stresses
in the ship's structure, provided that this requirement need not apply to any particular
length, design or class of ship where the Administration considers it to be unnecessary.
to be kept on •Stability information, and loading information also related to ship strength when
required, shall be carried on board at all times together with evidence that the
board information has been approved by the Administration.
Any Alterations •Where any alterations are made to a ship so as to materially affect the loading or
stability information supplied to the master, amended information shall be provided. If
to be amended necessary the ship shall be re‐inclined.
42
43
Items to be shown on
the Freeboard
Plan
44
44
Superstructure End Bulkheads
(Reg. 11)
Bulkheads at exposed ends of enclosed
superstructures shall be of an acceptable
level of strength.
45
Doors
(Reg. 12)
• All access openings in bulkheads at ends of enclosed
superstructures shall be fitted with doors of steel or other
equivalent material, permanently and strongly attached to the
bulkhead, and framed, stiffened and fitted so that the whole
structure is of equivalent strength to the un-pierced bulkhead and
weathertight when closed.
• The means for securing these doors weathertight shall consist of
gaskets and clamping devices or other equivalent means and shall
be permanently attached to the bulkhead or to the doors
themselves, and the doors shall be so arranged that they can be
operated from both sides of the bulkhead.
• Unless otherwise permitted by the Administration, doors shall open
outwards to provide additional security against the impact of the
sea.
46
Doors
(Reg. 12)
• Portable sills shall be avoided. However,
in order to facilitate the loading/unloading
of heavy spare parts or similar, portable
sills may be fitted on the following
conditions:
(a) they shall be installed before the ship
leaves port; and
(b) they shall be gasketed and fastened by
closely spaced through bolts.
• .
47
Position of Hatchways, Doorways and
Ventilators
(Reg. 13)
• Position 1 Upon exposed freeboard and raised quarter
decks, and upon exposed superstructure decks situated
forward of a point located a quarter of the ship's length
from the forward perpendicular.
• Position 2 Upon exposed superstructure decks situated

abaft a quarter of the ship's length from the forward
perpendicular and located at least one standard heights
of superstructure above the freeboard deck.
• .
48
POSISI 1 DAN POSISI 2
49
POSISI 1 & 2 PADA GELADAK LAMBUNG TIMBUL DAN GELADAK
BANGUNAN ATAS
50
TINGGI STANDARD SUPERSTRUCTURE DAN RAISED
QUARTERDECK
• Geladak penggal yang ditinggikan :
‐ Untuk panjang kapal s/d 30 m; h = 0.90 m,
‐ Untuk panjang kapal 75 m; h = 1.20 m,
‐ Untuk panjang kapal 125 m atau lebih; h = 1.80 m.
• Bangunan Atas
‐ Untuk panjang kapal kurang dari 125 m; h = 1.80 m,
‐ Untuk panjang kapal 125 m atau lebih h = 2.30 m
51
Persyaratan Tinggi Ambang
• Pintu (door)
Posisi 1: 600 mm
Posisi 2: 380 mm
• Bukaan Palka
Posisi 1: 600 mm
Posisi 2: 450 mm
52
Persyaratan Tinggi Ambang
• Ventilator
Posisi 1: 900 mm
Posisi 2: 760 mm
Apabila tinggi ambang > 4500 mm pada posisi 1 dan >2300
mm pada posisi 2, tidak disyaratkan untuk dilengkapi
dengan peralatan penutup
• Pipa udara
Freeboard deck: 760 mm
Superstructure deck: 450 mm
53
TINGGI AMBANG PINTU PADA POSISI 1 & 2
54
TINGGI VENTILASI DAN PIPA UDARA PADA POSISI 1 & 2
55
ACCEPATBLE ARRANGEMENT of SCUPPER, INLETS AND DISCHARGE
D isch a rg e co m in g fro m e n c lo se d sp a ce b e lo w th e fre e b o a rd d e ck o r o n th e
D isc h a rg e s co m in g fro m o th e r sp a ce s
fre e b o a rd d e ck
G e n e ra l re q u ire m e n t D isch a rg e O u tb o a rd e n d > 4 5 0 m m
A lte rn a tive s (R e g . 2 2 (1 )) w h e re in b o a rd e n d o th e rw ise
R e g . 2 2 (1 ) w h e re tro u g h b e lo w F B d e ck o r
in b o a rd e n d < 0 ,0 1 L m a ch in e ry 6 0 0 m m a b o ve S W L
> 0 ,0 1 L a b o ve S W L > 0 ,0 2 L a b o ve S W L R e g . 2 2 (5 )
a b o ve S W L sp a ce R e g . 2 2 (4 )
S u p e rstru ctu re
o r D e ckh o u se D e ck
FB FB FB FB FB FB
D e ck D e ck D e ck D e ck D e ck D e ck
TW L
SW L SW L SW L SW L SW L SW L
S yn b o ls : in b o a rd e n d o f p ip e s n o n re tu rn va lve w ith o u t p o sitive re m o te co n tro ll

m e a n s o f c lo sin g
o u tb o a rd e n d o f p ip e s n o n re tu rn va lve w ith p o sitive n o rm a l th ickn e ss
m e a n s o f c lo sin g co n tro lle d lo ca lly
p ip e s te rm in a tin g o n th e o p e n d e ck va lve co n tro lle d lo ca lly su b sta n tia l th ickn e ss
56
PIPA UDARA
VENTILASI
Persyaratan tambahan dari protocol 88 :

Pipa udara harus dilengkapi dengan peralatan penutup otomatis
57
SMALL HATCH
PIPA UDARA
58
TIPE‐TIPE PIPA UDARA
Persyaratan tambahan dari protocol 88 :

Pipa udara harus dilengkapi dengan peralatan penutup
otomatis
59
TOGGLE UNTUK
KEKEDAPAN PINTU
KEKEDAPAN BUKAAN HARUS
DIPERTAHANKAN
60
KARET UNTUK KEKEDAPAN
61
PENENTUAN DRAFT MARK
62
PENULISAN DRAFT MARK
63
Side Scuttles, windows and skylights
(Reg. 23)
• Side scuttles are defined as being round or oval

openings with an area not exceeding 0.16 m2. Round or
oval openings having areas exceeding 0.16m2 shall be
treated as windows.
• Windows are defined as being rectangular openings

generally, having a radius at each corner relative to the
window size and round or oval openings with an area
exceeding 0.16 m2.
64
Side scuttles to the following spaces shall be
fitted with hinged inside deadlights:
• spaces below freeboard deck;
• spaces within the first tier of enclosed
superstructures; and
• first tier deckhouses on the freeboard deck
protecting openings leading below or
considered buoyant in stability
calculations.
65
Side Scuttles, windows and skylights
(Reg. 23)
• Side scuttles shall not be fitted in such a position

that their sills are below a line drawn parallel to
the freeboard deck at side and having its lowest
point 2.5% of the breadth (B), or 500 mm,
whichever is the greatest distance, above the
Summer Load Line (or Timber Summer Load
Line if assigned).
66
Side Scuttle
67
Windows shall not be fitted in the following
locations:
• below the freeboard deck;
• in the first tier end bulkheads or sides of
enclosed superstructures; or
• in first tier deckhouses that are considered
buoyant in the stability calculations.
68
LUBANG PEMBEBASAN (FREEING PORT)
(Reg. 24)
Luas lubang pembebasan (a )
• Untuk panjang bulwark ℓ kurang atau sama dengan 20 m
a = 0.7 + 0.035 · ℓ m2
• Apabila panjang bulwark ℓ lebih dari 20 m
a = 0.07 · ℓ m2
• Dimana ℓ diambil maksimal 0.7 · L
catatan :
ℓ = panjang bulwark
L = panjang kapal
69
Protection of the Crew
(Reg. 25)
• The deckhouses used for the accommodation of the
crew shall be constructed to an acceptable level of
strength.
• Guard rails or bulwarks shall be fitted around all exposed
decks
• The height of the bulwarks or guard rails shall be at least
1 metre from the deck, provided that where this height
would interfere with the normal operation of the ship, a
lesser height may be approved if the Administration is
satisfied that adequate protection is provided.
70
Types of Ships
(Reg. 27)
• Type ‘A’ ship is one which:
– is designed to carry only liquid cargoes in bulk;
– high integrity of the exposed deck with only small access
openings to cargo compartments, closed by watertight gasketed
covers of steel or equivalent material; and
– has low permeability of loaded cargo compartments.
• Type “B”ship
71
Simplified checklist for load line survey
72
72
73
73
74
74
Penetapan Lambung Timbul kapal
• Persyaratan kekuatan konstruksi harus
terpenuhi
• Persyaratan kemampuan stabilitas harus
terpenuhi
• Persyaratan loadline harus terpenuhi
75
FAKTOR‐FAKTOR YANG MENYEBABKAN PENAMBAHAN LAMBUNG
TIMBUL
• Koefisien Blok pada 0.85 H melebihi 0.68,
• Tinggi lengkung kapal (sheer) berbeda lengkung standar,
• Kapal tidak mempunyai bangunan atas tertutup,
• Adanya persyaratan tinggi haluan minimum,
76
FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MENYEBABKAN PENGURANGAN LAMBUNG
TIMBUL
• Adanya bangunan atas tertutup dan atau trunk,
• Sheer berbeda dengan sheer standar
• Tongkang tak berawak dengan bukaan di geladak yang kecil
(contoh flat top barge, pontoon, dll).
77

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wasito@klasifikasiindonesia.

2. Check the maintenance and condition of:

3. The annual survey shall be endorsed on the International Load

Survey) Certificate • Freeing ports

A Class Registered Ship, which is

Ships shall comply with an intact stability

L = 0,96∙LWL or L = LPP (if greater)

or in the case of a wooden or composite ship:

• The block coefficient (Cb) is given by:

• Freeboard. The freeboard assigned is the distance measured vertically downwards

• A superstructure is a decked structure on the freeboard deck, extending from side to

• Position 2 Upon exposed superstructure decks situated

S yn b o ls : in b o a rd e n d o f p ip e s n o n re tu rn va lve w ith o u t p o sitive re m o te co n tro ll

Persyaratan tambahan dari protocol 88 :

Persyaratan tambahan dari protocol 88 :

• Side scuttles are defined as being round or oval

• Windows are defined as being rectangular openings

• Side scuttles shall not be fitted in such a position

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