Elements of Statistics SOME 

USEFUL FORMULAS 

BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION CALCULATOR STUFF

n! For Exact Binomial Probabilities
P ( x) n C x p x q n  x  p x q n x
(n  x)! x! binomialpdf(n, p, x)

CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM For Cumulative binomial Probabilities up to x

 x  x binomialcdf(n, p, x)
Mean:  x   x  z
n x For Normal Probabilities (Finding areas given z-scores)
pq pˆ   pˆ normalcdf(leftEnd, RightEnd)
Proportion:  pˆ  p  pˆ  z
n  pˆ
Finding z-scores given areas
invNorm(area)
CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
MODULE TOPIC KEY STROKES
Maximum error estimate (for  ) 7 ZINTERVAL STAT » Tests » 7

I. (for n ≥ 30) E  z c ; substitute s for σ if n ≥ 30 7 TINTERVAL STAT » Tests » 8
n
II. (for n < 30; population normal, σ unknown)
7 1-PROPZINT STAT » Tests » A
s
E  tc ; d.f. = n - 1
n 9 Z-TEST STAT » Tests » 1
2
 z c 
III. Sample Size (for  ) : n    9, 10 T-TEST STAT » Tests » 2
 E 
9 1-PROPZTEST STAT » Tests » 5
Maximum error estimate (for p )
10 2-SAMPZTEST STAT » Tests » 4
pˆ qˆ
I. ( npˆ  5 and nqˆ  5 ) E  z c
n 10 2-SAMPTTEST STAT » Tests » 4
2
 zc 
II. Sample Size (for p ) : n  pˆ qˆ   10 2-PROPZTEST STAT » Tests » 6
E

IMAGES FROM:
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073022845/student_view0/calculator_keystroke_guide.html

HYPOTHESIS TESTING
Z-TEST FOR MEAN T-TEST FOR MEAN
x x
z ; substitute s for σ if n ≥ 30 z ; d.f. = n – 1
/ n s/ n

Z-TEST FOR
Calculator PROPORTION
Guide:
pˆ  p
 2 TEST FOR VARIANCE AND STD. DEV.
z (n  1) s 2
pq 2  ; d.f. = n – 1
n 2