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Lecture and Q and A Series in History of Policing System PDF
Lecture and Q and A Series in History of Policing System PDF
By
Charlemagne James P. Ramos
Registered Criminologist
LEA (20%)
Pertinent laws and issuances, principles, concepts, procedures, methods
and techniques in the management, administration, and operation of a
police organization. Specifically it includes the history of policing, police
organization and administration with special focus on Republic Act No.
6975, as amended, police patrol operations with police communication
system, police intelligence, police personnel and records management and
comparative police systems. It includes also the study of the organization,
administration and operation of security agencies under the Private
Security Agency Law and its Implementing Rules and Regulations; loss
prevention and assets, protection program through different security
methods and techniques such as physical security, personnel security,
document and information security; risk analysis and security hazard; and
security survey, inspection and investigations.
About the Contributor
MICHAEL ANGELO P. QUARIN obtained his Bachelor of
Science in Criminology from Sumulong College of Arts and
Sciences College of Criminal Justice Education in 2016 and
subsequently passed the October 2016 Criminologist
Licensure Examination with the rating of 85.85. He is
currently a member of the bold organization of the
PHILIPPINE NATIONAL POLICE and committed in the Lecture
Sessions at What Criminologist Knows? and focuses on the
field of Law Enforcement Administration.
By
Charlemagne James P. Ramos
Registered Criminologist
COVERAGE
• History of Policing System
• Principles of Police Organization, Management and
Administration
• Personnel and Records Management
• RA 8551 and RA 6975
• Planning and Operations
• Police Patrol Operations and communication
• Police Intelligence & Secret Service
• Industrial Security Management
• Comparative Police Systems
PART ONE
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
POLICE SYSTEMS
it is essential that certain norms and conduct are to be established and observed
in order to ensure that the cordial and harmonious relationship among its
members are preserved and maintained.
COVERAGE
• Introduction to Policing
• Historical Development of Policing Developments during the
Middle Ages to the Modern Period
• Evolution of the Philippine Policing System
Richard Lundman Societies have sought protection for their
members and possessions. In early civilizations,
members of one's family provided this
protection and possesions.
Mechanical
members share similar beliefs and values but
meet their basic needs independently.
Organic Societies
members are dependent upon one another as a
result of specialization.
Three Developmental Stages
Informal Policing
where all members of a society share equally in the responsibility for
providing protection and keeping order
Transitional Policing
occurs when police functions are informally assigned to particular
members of the society.
This stage serves as a transition into formal policing.
Formal Policing
where specific members of the community assume formal responsibility
for protection and social control.
THE WORD “Police“
“Polis” Greek, City
“Politeia” Greek, government of a city
“Politia” Roman, same meaning above
“Polizei” German, Safe keepers (territory)
“Police” French, Those people authorized to implement the law
“Police” English and Americans, to describe a law enforcer.
Cop and constable are other common descriptions
“Cop” European term meaning to catch or seize
“Constable and “Patrol” are of French origin.
QUESTION
The term POLITIA is derived from
A. Greek
B. German
C. French
D. Roman
ANSWER
The term POLITIA is derived from
A. Greek
B. German
C. French
D. Roman
QUESTION
The term police is derived from the word
A. Politiea
B. Politia
C. Polis
D. Polizei
ANSWER
POLITIA
QUESTION
In the history of law enforcement, which one is
considered the earliest codified law?
A. Code of King Hammurabi
B. 12 Tabulae
C. The Sumerian Code
D. Code of Kalantiao
ANSWER
In the history of law enforcement, which one is
considered the earliest codified law?
A. Code of King Hammurabi
B. 12 Tabulae
C. The Sumerian Code
D. Code of Kalantiao
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
• 7,000 BC
• “SELF‐POLICING
METHOD” farming
communities in Jarmo and
Iraq.
• Ineffectual kind of Social
Control
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
• 2300 BC ‐ The Sumerian
Rulers LIPITHSTAR and
ESHUMMA set standards
on what constituted an
offense against the
society.
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
• 2100 BC – Babylonians,
Code of King Hammurabi
– Oculo pro oculo Dente
pro dente (LEX TALIONIS).
THE FOUNDATION OF THE
DEVELOPMENT NOT ONLY
LAW BUT LAW
ENFORCEMENT.
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
• Ancient China the
DYNASTY – Prefects –
Prefectures
QUESTION
Law enforcement in ancient China is
carried out by ________
A. Prefects
B. Jet Li
C. Chua Li
D. Yhuan Li
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
• 1500 B.C – Egyptians –
Court system ‐ “Marine
patrol and the custom
house officers protecting
commerce” also started
first use of dog patrol.
“Medjays” civilian police
under the command of a
military.–LOCK
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
• Ancient Greece – EPHORI –
law enforcement system
• Some of the Spartans were
given the power to arrest
and investigate.
• Greek philosopher PLATO ‐
punishment should serve the
purpose rather than simple
retaliation
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
• 100 to 200 AD ‐ the term
“law enforcer” originated
in ROME. CENTURIONS
has the exclusive authority
task with the peace and
order
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
• 100 AD ‐ FRUMENTARII ‐
first investigative units in
Western History
QUESTION
An ancient police system.
A. Keepers of the peace
B. Ephori
C. Praetorian Guard
D. Vigiles
ANSWER
An ancient police system.
A. Keepers of the peace
B. Ephori
C. Praetorian Guard
D. Vigiles
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
• Ancient Rome ‐ the first written laws of
the Roman Empire The “12 Tabulae”
• Emperor Augustus
• the Praetorian Guard soldiers to protect
the palace and the City of Rome.
• Urban Cohorts to patrol the city.
• Vigiles who were assigned as fire fighters
and the first civilian police force who kept
the peace RUTHLESSLY (VIGILANTES).
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
• Justinian I the ruler of the
Eastern Roman Empire
• Justinian Code became
known as the Corpus Juris
Civillis which means Body
of Law.
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLICE
(LAW ENFORCEMENT)
The Early Policing Systems
The Anglo‐Saxon Period
The Normal Period of Policing (1066‐1285)
The Westminster Period of Policing (1285‐1500)
Modern Policing System
The Early Policing Systems
The Anglo‐Saxon Period
Tun Policing System
Tun is the forerunner of the
word “Town”
male residents are required
to guard the town and to
preserve the peace and
order, to protect life and
property from harm or
disturbance.
The Early Policing Systems
The Anglo‐Saxon Period
Hue and Cry
complainant goes to the
middle of the street and
shouts to call all males to
assemble.
The Early Policing Systems
The Anglo‐Saxon Period
The Royal Judge
a person who conducts
criminal investigation and
gives punishment.
The Early Policing Systems
The Anglo‐Saxon Period
Trial by Ordeal
system of determining guilt
and innocence in the
ancient times
painful test of skills.
The Early Policing Systems
The Normal Period of Policing (1066‐1285)
Shire‐Rieve System
William Norman divided
England into 55 military
districts.
Shire was the district, Rieve
was the ruler who makes laws,
pass judgment and impose
punishment, assisted by a
Constable (forerunner of the
word constabulary).
THE FRANKPLEDGE SYSTEM
5th Century A.D. to about 1350
system of mutual protection
TITHING SYSTEM
a community was divided into tithings or
groups of 10 men, each member of which was
responsible for the conduct of the other
members of his group and for the assurance
that a member charged with a breach of the
law would be produced at court.
The Early Policing Systems
The Normal Period of Policing (1066‐1285)
The Travelling Judge
responsible in passing
judgment which was taken
from the shire‐Rieve in view of
some abuses by the Rieves.
The Early Policing Systems
The Normal Period of Policing (1066‐1285)
Leges Henri
the Law of King Henrie I
• Offenses were classified as against
the king and individual
• Police men were considered
public officials.
• Police and citizens have the broad
power to arrest.
• A grand jury was created to
inquire on the facts of the law.
The Early Policing Systems
The Normal Period of Policing (1066‐1285)
The Magna‐Carta
laws were enacted upon the
demand of the Knights of the Round
Table and forced the king to sign
the same.
The Early Policing Systems
The Westminster Period of Policing (1285‐1500)
The Statute of 1295
this law prescribed the closing
of the gates of London at
sundown.
Start of curfew systems
The Early Policing Systems
The Westminster Period of Policing (1285‐1500)
Justice of the Peace
this was a position which gives
a person the power to arrest,
pursue and impose
imprisonment.
The Early Policing Systems
The Westminster Period of Policing (1285‐1500)
The Star Chamber Court
a special court which try
offenses against the state.
The Early Policing Systems
Keepers of the Peace
time of King Richard appoint
Knights to keep the King’s
Peace.
The Early Policing Systems
The Charlies
King Charles appoint night
watchers known as Bellmen
on duty from sunset to
sunrise
The Early Policing Systems
Bow Street Runners
time of Henry Fielding
appointment of
foot patrol and
horse patrol (mounted patrol).
QUESTION
He is the father of modern policing system.
A. Sir. Evelyn Ruggles Brise
B. August Vollmer
C. Sir. Robert Peel
D. Edmond Loccard
ANSWER
the father of modern policing
system.
“The Police are the Public and the Public
are the Police.”
Modern Policing System
Metropolitan Police Act of 1829
The limelight when a bill creating
the Scotland Yard was passed by
the parliament of England.
sponsored and expanded by
Sir Robert Peel
first head of the police organization
“The Father of Modern Policing”
QUESTION
He watches that they may sleep.
A. Vigilat ut Quiescant
B. Ut Quiscant Sleepante
C. Nighte Vigilantes
D. Vigiles Nocte Et
Policing System in FRANCE
16th Century
Paris had two patrols:
Citizen Night Guard; and the Royal Guard for
the king’s protection.
The Guard motto that even today is on the Fr
ench police emblem
“Vigilat ut Quiescant”
“He watches that they may sleep”
In 1791 The position of “Officers de Paix” was
formed (origin of “Peace Officer”)
Gendarmie ‐ slang for police officers
Policing System in FRANCE
SCOTLAND YARD was NOT
First Police Organization but,
(headed by Louis‐Marie Debelleme)
‘Sergent de Ville’
(servant of the city).
POLICING SYSTEM in the United States
Boston, 1636
formed the first “Night Watch” they were called “Leathermen”
Philadelphia, 1833
instituted the first daytime, paid police service
TEXAS RANGERS, 1835
Populated outside cities of the United States law enforcement arm
New York, 1844
organized the first modern American police force based on the English
Metropolitan police.
QUESTION
It is consider as the old policing system in the
Philippines?
A. Chieftains
B. Datu
C. Pueblo
D. incunmendo
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
PRE‐SPANISH PERIOD
15th century, rulers (CHIEFTAINS)
in the Philippines were called
Sultan, Gat, Datu, Rajah or Hare.
YET THEIR PRIMARY PURPOSE ARE
THE SAME.
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
SPANISH PERIOD
1712
Carabineros de Seguridad Publico
the mounted police
In 1842 it was reorganized and named
Cuerpo De Carabineros De Seguridad
Publica ( Corps of Carabineers for
PublicSafety).
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
SPANISH PERIOD
January 8, 1836
Guardrillos
A town or rural police established by
Royal Decree
The Decree provided that five percent
(5%) of the able – bodied male citizens
of every province were to be enlisted
fro three (3) years.
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
SPANISH PERIOD
1852
Guardia Civil
Town Police
This was a police organization with
military background established by a
Royal decree on February 12, 1852
Made to alleviate the burden of the
Colonial Army Troops in policing the
towns.
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
AMERICAN PERIOD
1901
Philippine Constabulary (PC)
known as the insular police force it was
patterned from the American Constabulary
Organic Act # 175 August 8, 1901
An Act Providing for the organization and
government of an insular Constabulary and for
the inspection of the municipal police"
Capt. Henry T. Allen first Chief
"Father of the Philippine Constabulary"
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
FILIPINIZATION
1917
Philippine Constabulary (PC)
Brig. Gen. Rafael Crame
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
1935
PC Personnel were absorbed by the
Philippine Army
National Defense Act or
Commonwealth Act No. 1
was enacted creating the Philippine
Army and this ended the 35 years of
service and experience of the
Philippine Constabulary as an insular
police force. pursuant to Executive
Order No 11
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
1936
Commonwealth Act No.88 approved
on October 26, 1936.
Police force was placed under the
control and supervision of the
Department of Interior and were
called the State Police.
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
1938
THE CONSTABULARY RECONSTITUTED
Commonwealth Act No 343 on June
25, 1938 reconstituted the Philippine
Constabulary
withdrawal of the Philippine
Constabulary from the Army as an
independent unit and detailed as a
National Police Force.
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
1939
BICYCLE PATROL
The Manila Police Department
introduced the bicycle patrol.
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
1941 1945
THE CONSTABLE DURING WORLD LIBERATION PERIOD
WAR II
The MPD was reconstituted
The Japanese Military Police and placed under American
(Kempetai) took over MPD. control. Col. Marcus Ellis Jones
became the Chief of Police of
the MPD.
QUESTION
When was the Automobile patrol introduced in the
Philippines?
PC became the nucleus or umbrella of the united national force.
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
August 26, 1977
PD 1184
known as the “INP Personnel Professionalization
Law of 1977”
PROPOSED for the creation of the Philippine
National Police Academy (PNPA)
Section 19 of said decree provided that “there
shall be established in the Integrated National
Police a premiere police service training
institution to be known as the Philippine National
Police Academy for the education and training of
the members of the INP.”
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
1990
R.A. 6975
Creation of the Philippine National Police (PNP) that is
civilian in character and national in scope (1987 Constitution)
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
1991
General Cesar P. Nazareno
First Chief of the
Philippine National Police.
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
1998
RA 8551
“PNP Reform & Reorganization Act” dubbed as the
“PNP Professionalization”
POLICING SYSTEM in the PHILIPPINES
June 1, 1999
the PNP activated/created the
Internal Affairs Service (IAS) on a
national scope.
END
HISTORY KEEPS REPEATING ITSELF…
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