CH # 07

OSCILLATIONS
OSCILLATORY OR VIBRATORY MOTION:

Def:

A motion in which a body moves to and fro from its mean position is called oscillatory or vibratory
motion

Examples: simple pendulum

PERIODIC MOTION:

A motion which repeats itself after equal intervals of time is called periodic motion.

VIBRATION:

One complete round trip of a body in its moyion is called vibration.

TIME PERIOD:

Time required to complete one vibration is called time period. It is denoted by ‘L’ and its unit is sec(s).

FREQUENCY:

The number of vibrations completed by a body in one second is called frequency. It is denoted by ‘f’ and
defined as:

𝟏
𝐟=
𝐓

Its unit is Hertz(Hz)

AMPLITUDE:

The maximum displacement moved by a body from its mean position to either side is called amplitude.
It is denoted by ‘x0’ and its unit is meter(m).

RESTORING FORCE:

A Force which opposes the applide force is called restoring force.

OR

Such a force which restore the spring is called restoring force. It is is given as:

Fres = -Fapp

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 DEFINE S.H.M AND SHOW THAT OSCILLATING OR VIBRATING MOTION IS S.H.M?

Def:

The vibrating motion of a body whose acceleration at a distance from its mean position is directly
proportional to distance and always directed towards the mean position is called simple harmonic
motion.

Explanation:

Consider a body of mass ‘m’ attached with a spring as shown in figure. If force ‘F’ acts on the body and
displaces it through a displacement ‘x’ then according to Hook’s law:

F∝x

Fapp = kx

Where ‘k’ is constant of proportionality. It is known as spring constant. Its value depends upon the
nature of the spring.

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