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Note that the entire technical proposal document should be limited to 18 pages (maximum). Font should be Cambria, font
size 11 with single line spacing.

Section III: Understanding/Qualifications on the ToR (Maximum of 2 page)

The human body requires minimum approximately 3 litres per capita per day (lpcd) intake of drinking water to sustain life before
dehydration occur in tropical climate [White et al., 1972]. When other uses like hygiene (washing and cleaning) get added to it, the
requirement increases to 45–55 lpcd [Bhandari and Gupta, 2010]. Safe drinking water is essential for good health as is sanitation
[Bhandari and Gupta, 2010], and lack of these two essential elements result in significant increase in morbidity and mortality conditions
[Jalan and Ravallion, 2001; Shreshtha, 2006; World Bank, 2006].
Schools may have inadequate or completely lack drinking-water and sanitation facilities, or have facilities that are inadequate in both
quality and quantity.
Schools with poor water, sanitation and hygiene conditions, and intense levels of person-to- person contact are high-risk environments
for children and staff, and exacerbate children’s particular susceptibility to environmental health hazards.
Children’s ability to learn may be affected in several ways. Firstly, helminthes infections, which affect hundreds of millions of school-age
children, can impair children’s physical development and reduce their cognitive development, through pain and discomfort, competition
for nutrients, anemia, and damage to tissues and organs. Long-term exposure to chemical contaminants in water (e.g. lead and arsenic)
may impair learning ability. Diarrhea diseases, malaria and helminthes infections force many schoolchildren to be absent from school.
Poor environmental conditions in the classroom can also make both teaching and learning very difficult.
Girls and boys, including those with disabilities, are likely to be affected in different ways by inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene
conditions in schools, and this may contribute to unequal learning opportunities. For example, lack of adequate, separate private and
secure toilets and washing facilities may discourage parents from sending girls to school. In addition, lack of adequate facilities for
menstrual hygiene can contribute to girls missing days at school; this can even lead girls to drop out of education altogether at puberty.
Toilets that are inaccessible often mean that a disabled child does not eat or drink all day to avoid needing the toilet, leading to health
problems and eventually to their dropping out of school altogether.
Every child has basic rights to safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). School is essential institutions to children’s welfare,
and a place where lifelong behaviors are inculcated. Hygiene, as part of overall WASH, is especially important in schools because schools
are the second prime institution, after the family, to groom cognitive and psychomotor development of children.
Improved access to sanitation reduces helminthes infection and diarrhea disease by providing a space for excreta disposal. Sanitation
facilities, however, may also increase exposure to pathogens if poorly maintained, used incorrectly, or if personal and hand hygiene
materials are not available during and after use.
Given the centrality of school life to a child’s health and well-being, as well as the role of the school as the key location of learning and
instruction in a child’s life, it is of utmost importance that safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene environment are available in schools
so that their immediate health is ensured, and so that students can adopt positive hygienic behaviors to serve them throughout their life.
Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities and behavior change education in schools are critical for a strong learning
environment, and contribute to inclusion, dignity, and equity. The hygiene behaviors that children learn at school (made possible through
a combination of hygiene education and suitable water, sanitation and hygiene-enabling facilities) are skills that they are likely to
maintain as adults and pass on to their own children.
Accordingly, SPLASH International seeks to collect Baseline WASH conditions at government (public) schools in Addis Ababa.
The aim is to administer school WASH conditions baseline survey on 450 schools and conduct complete water quality tests for 50 schools.
As per stipulated in the terms of reference, the baseline survey has the following specific objectives.
 School information including location and address, campus affiliation, school administration and divisions, current enrollment, and
key contact details
 Information about water source and locations, electricity and sewer connections and costs
 Information about existing WASH infrastructure including water filters, drinking/hand-washing stations, and sanitation facilities
 Water quality tests from a minimum of 50 schools to be tested for chemical, physical and bacteriological parameters.
Geographically, the survey is limited to Addis Ababa City Administration.
The study/assessment units are only public/government schools in the Addis Ababa City Administration.

Section IV: Methodology, survey tools, and water quality labs to be used (Maximum of 7 pages)
Describe methodology for collecting water The consultant will undertake the water test by the following procedure.
sample and conducting analysis For each of the 50 targeted schools, 100 milliliters of water will be taken and split in to four
separate sample of 25 milliliters each so as to optimize the accuracy. Then, a micro-biological
[bacteriological] test will be conducted. Initially, we clean the water tubes using ethanol and
make free flow for few minutes. We then prepare tubes for the sample specimen first cleaning it
with distilled water. This is by preparing bacteria food using powder lauretsulphate and
filtering each of the 25 milliliters of samples on a filter paper through pumping and safely
rolling it with the formerly prepared bacteria food in to the kit incubator. The consultant then
codes each of the samples taken from the fifty schools meaning 4x50 equals 200 samples, codes
and ensures that the batteries are fully charged to prevent light switch-off that automatically
results in total test failure. Thus, the samples will be on charge for a minimum of 18 hours and a
maximum of 24 hours. After the minimum hours the appearance of dense yellow spots are
indications of bacteria, and the total number of the spots equals the total number of bacteria in
the sample. As a caveat, it the water point is within 10 metres from latrine or a toilet is located
to relatively high gradient than the water point, the recommended temperature for the test is
44 degrees Celsius, and if there is no toilet to the proximity of water point, 37 degrees Celsius is
recommended.
 The next test is the fluoride test using the fluoride tablet and fluoride meter.
The last water test is the water turbidity test using turbidity meter.

Describe survey data collection method The schools baseline survey will be conducted using mWater app which is an on line
(paper/mobile/etc.) application which includes mWater Surveyor, mWater Mapper and mWater Pathfinder. The
mWater Surveyor is an online and mobile software platform that allows organizations to map
sites such as water points or sanitation facilities schools, health clinics, or communities, and
monitor them over time by adding status update. Accordingly, Unlike customary data collection
methods using paper-based questionnaires, the mWater app smartphone app has the following
advantages: bulk paper questionnaires are no longer needed in the field, less data collection
errors due to programming among related questions within the app, completed household
questionnaires can be submitted and uploaded whenever an internet connection is available,
thus securing and backing-up completed forms, data entry is no longer needed, auto generates
simple frequency tables in Microsoft excel with graphical presentation, harmonizes household
information data on Google maps with geo-coding.

Describe data collection tool - details of The consultant will adopt both quantitative and qualitative approaches for the data collection
application you will use, key features, and analysis.
experience with this tool, etc. The consultant will follow the following steps to undertake the assignment.
 Obtain list of schools (study units) from the Addis Ababa Education Bureau to develop
frame.
 Securing school ethical clearance and guidance and signing child protection policy with
SPLASH.
 High involvement of SPLASH staff for creating necessary contacts/links to respondents,
fixing irregularities in the midst of the work, and quality assurance by maintaining the
effort towards to the intended interest.
 In consultation with SPLASH, develop inclusion and exclusion criteria for a school and
based on the criteria sort the schools which are eligible to be subjects of the assessment
(like grade levels, participating student age range, etc).
 Review data collection tools/instrumentation called survey questions already developed
by SPLASH like students’ questionnaire, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), Focus Group
Discussions (FGDs), and facility assessment checklist.
 Conduct field-work
 Hold restitution meetings with SPLASH and donors
 Make analysis and write the baseline report
The consultant will gather information on both hardware and software aspects of WASH in
schools. Specifically, the following issues will be intended as domains of this survey.
Existence of
 Hand-washing station available to pupils and water is available at hand-washing facility
and also soap available at hand-washing facility
 safe and child friendly collection and treatment system from disposal sanitation system
 Improved water point on school compound and functionality of water points,
 Water tank to supply toilet and hand-washing facility
 Improved toilet compartment
 Whether the toilet is sex separated, unlocked, and clean, whether the toilet has water
available inside compartment for flushing
 Quality of implementation of hygiene education curriculum
 Awareness raising on hygiene and sanitation for students, their parents and teachers
 Daily group hand-washing schedule posted near toilet,
 Degree of supervised hand-washing/ degree to which hand-washing facilities and
practice of hand-washing is monitored
 Daily group compound cleaning schedule posted near toilet,
 Daily group toilet cleaning schedule posted near toilet
 Drinking water filter available in a classroom for pupil use, Water in filter
 Presence of clear institutional arrangements and responsibilities for WASH in Schools
 Whether the sanitation systems are appropriate and well equipped for different age
groups and different gender like special needs for girls/ availability of girls-only
toilets
 Whether the sanitation systems are appropriate for different religious customs and
for children with special needs.
 Water accessibility to students with physical disabilities
 Sanitation accessibility to students with physical disabilities
 Existence of any recycling and reuse practices and their effects of these for example
through the production of renewable energies (e.g. biogas)
Quantitative data could be gathered on the:
 Proportion of hand-washing facilities in good condition and in use
 Proportion of schools water supplies in good condition
 Proportion of schools teaching basic knowledge of health and disease
 Teachers available, willing and responsible for hand-washing
 Proportion of schools reporting a budget for WASH (including soap and hand-
 washing facilities)
 Proportion of schools where place for hand washing was observed and water and
soap is available
 Proportion of schools with a Health Policy
 Proportion of schools with access to an improved water source
 proportion of schools with hand-washing facilities near the toilets
 Number of toilets at the school
The consultant will use the following data collection tools for gathering the information.
Initially, the consultant makes holistic review of the tools available at SPLASH and makes
verification, modification, demystification, additions [if not available] and finalize\make ready
for use. Then, automatically transfer the tools to the mwater app. And then completes
translations [in to Amharic and Oromifa] andconducts 1% pilot testing of the tools before full
launching\kick-off of the survey.
Desk review: The consultant undertake extensive investigation of programme related
documents, former and undergoing programmes on WASH in schools in Addis Ababa, policy
and strategy documents, different research and evaluation reports, and so forth.
Focus groups Discussions [FGDs]: The consultant conducts interactive FGDs with members of
the school-family committee, clubs at schools like gender and HIV\AIDS, sanitation and hygiene
committee, mini-media, sport committee, and students.
Key Informant Interviews [KIIs]: The consultant will make KIIs with school directors,
experts\representatives at bureau of education, women affairs, health, environmental
protection, water resources, AA City municipality, AA city water utility, AA Sewerage Authority,
etc. using an appropriate and specifically tailored KIIs Protocol\guide.
Transect walk: The consultant will also conduct physical observation of WASH facilities like
water points, sanitation facilities and accessories.
Studentsand teachers Survey: the consultant will design a structured questionnaire and
administer survey on the students and teachers. Different protocols will be developed for
students and teachers. The checklists will also have specific enquiry for single and double
disabilities, special needs, girls’ issue, and the like. The number of students and teachers to be
sampled as a representative will be determined during the inception report since different
schools hold different number of students and teachers due to factors like drop-outs, grade
level, proximity and accessibility preference, infrastructure and basic needs like the recently
commenced school feeding, and more. Thus, in our country it is somewhat unviable to apply a
sample size formula and generate numbers rather better to decide on consultation with
consideration of severalintervening factors.
 .
Describe in detail survey tool testing To check the length of the instrument or interview relative to the data of interest, check
procedures adaptations of instruments, check the target population’s familiarity with constructs and
concepts and instruments layout the consultants use different mix of testing the instruments
like field-piloting, Interviewer debriefings, respondent debriefings/comments, retrospective
think- aloud/interview with respondents after they have completed a survey about how they
came up with answers to specific questions/, expert review or review of draft materials by
experienced methodologists, analysts, translators, and question appraisal system or
systematic appraisal of survey questions that allows the user to identify potential problems in
the wording or structure of the questions. To do this, the consulting firm in consultation with
SPLASH establishes the intended referential and connotative
meaning of each question, agrees a set of criteria to judge the appropriateness of
survey questions, selects the methods for judging appropriateness, and reviews questions for
inclusion, revising (the question or intended meaning) or exclusion using the piloting tools
listed above and as per the set and agreed criteria.

Number of enumerators who will conduct data
collection
Minimum qualifications of enumerators
Gender breakdown of enumerators
Number of supervisors who will ensure quality
of data collection
Minimum qualifications of supervisors
Describe enumerator training plan in detail
25 in which 20 are for WASH survey and 5 are for water test
BA|BSC and above
40% of enumerators will be females
Five
BA\BSC and above
The consultant will deliver two full-day training on the mWater APP based application to all its
enumerators and data management team. This is for the reason that the data management
team is fully mandated to curate\upload all the results of baseline values\findings on the
application so that SPLASH staff can freely undertake supervised as well as real time
 monitoring against these values and track changes, both progress or adverse. The training will
be focused on: the objectives, expectations, and tools, field preparations, roles of survey team
members, data collection techniques (including verbal translation of questions into local
language) and hands-on instructions on use of mWater app android smartphone data collection
app with contents installing the app to tab, installing the GPS app, creating a user name,
downloading survey questionnaires, exporting and cleaning data in Microsoft excel.

Describe data collection quality control process The consultant will make the following tools for data quality control processes.
in detail Accompany calls in which 30% of interviews will be observed by the survey team leaders to
ensure that the moderators and enumerators are conducting the interview well, asking the
questions in the right manner, and interpreting the answers correctly.
The consultant also conducts spot-checks to ensure that the questions are being asked properly
and filled in the right way, and selecting some of the addresses selected for interviewing to be
sure that the moderators and enumerators interviewed the right participant, and correctly
identified the eligible respondents and interviewed them. Thus survey team leaders regularly
undertake observations of FGDs, KIIs and facility assessments.
The consulting firm also conducts questionnaire completion reviews to ensure that they are
complete and internally consistent.
The firm also conducts 20% back-check interviews to be sure that all the answers given by the
respondent are recorded correctly for at least 5% of the Data moderators and enumerators\
interviews.
The consultant also make multiple cross-validations among data obtained through different
methods and also makes abduction analysis with globally available evidences like the data
dashboard of UN offices, regional, and national data bases.
Describe in detail whether survey tool and data The data collection tool will be translated in to Amharic and Orimiffa [currently, there are many
collection will be conducted in English OR the public schools in Addis Ababa delivering in Afan Oromo like Wako Gutu, TadeseBirru, and the
plan for translation of final data set to English like]. Even, the baseline values\findings should be translated in to same languages so as to
optimally communicate to both the school community and the children.
Describe in detail data compilation and The data will be collected by mwater app. And exported to excel and then to SPSS\STATA for
cleaning process and the expected final format advanced analysis. The results are again re-curated\uploaded to the mwater app. For ease of
of data set real monitoring and tracking by SPLASH technical staff. Both raw data and clean data will be
delivered in EXCEL datasheet to the SPLASH.
Describe in detail the data analysis process, The software for data collection\capturing is mwater. Then transferred to Microsoft excel
tools or software to be used, etc. which directly exports to SPSS\STATA for further analysis. As a caveat, the consultant will
support paper registry as a backup in case malware puffing occurs in order that not to lose the
asset.
Section VI: Proposed project Work Plan as Gantt chart (Maximum of 1 page)
The consultant has proposed the following work plan in Gantt chart [March 1-May 31 \2019], meaning 12 weeks
S\N Activity lists W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12
1 Inception phase\tools content review, sampling
design, tools verification, define scopes,
detailed action plan, translation
2 Enumerators and data management teams
training
3 Content migration
4 Field work\deployment
5 Debriefing and restitution meeting with
SPLASH office
6 Data cleaning, analysis using SPSS\STATA, and
produce first draft synthesis report
7 Comment incorporation and finalize report
8 Translation of the findings in to Amharic and
Afan Oromo
9 Develop real-time tracking\monitoring and
evaluation framework with mwater app at
SPLASH office.
Financial Proposal
The financial proposal must include all relevant cost information (in ETB) necessary to complete scope of work described above and be in .xlsx
format. Please note therequest to include the cost basis for water quality tests.
The consultant has proposed a budget amount of 1,230,000.00 [one million two hundred thirty thousand] in Ethiopian Birr to
accomplish the assignment as detailed below.
This amount is inclusive of all government taxes and deductions. It can be further negotiated based upon the possibly emergent
amendments on the scope of work.
S\N Cost Heads Unit Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost
1 Inception report [review, amend, modify, add, or demystify the tools plus Days 5 2000.00 50,000.00
develop sampling design and strategy, put actionable plan of survey
implementation],translation of tools, five experts
2 Enumerators training, 20 enumerators and five data management\core staff Days 2 1,000.00 50,000.00
consultants
3 Content migration [the modified or verified content\tools atSPLASH will be Days 1 1,000.00 25,000.00
curated to mwater appon smartphones held by enumerators and data
management teams and same for staff at SPLASH office.
4 Field work: 25 enumerators and moderators deployed to school survey, Days 20 1,000.00 500,000.00
includes tools pre-testing\piloting to prototype.
5 Report synthesis by the data management team, five consultants Days 10 2,000.00 100,000.00
6 Translation of survey findings in to Amharic and Afan Oromo Documents 2 20,000.00 40,000.00
7 Preparation of clean data in XLS. And Curation\uploading the findings both Days 5 2,000.00 50,000.00
 the English and other languages on mwater app for SPLASH office, five data
management staff
8 Adjust the real-time monitoring and evaluation\tracking framework using Days 5 2,000.00 50,000.00
the mwater app., five data management team
Total cost for school survey 865,000.00

9 Conduct water test for 50 schools, five technical \chemistry or biology Days 10 2,000.00 100,000.00
practitioners
10 Stationery and supplies, communication, copy and print 10,000.00
11 Transport Services 50,000.00
Profit margin of 20% 205,000.00

Grand Total 1,230,000.00