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“ALPAS”: BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL RESEARCH JOURNAL

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Effectiveness of Awareness Video in BNHS-SHS PAGCOR Ground Floor Building Restrooms on


Maintaining Restroom Cleanliness

Agustin1, Calumno2, De Leon3, Domingo4, Ellivera5, Estacamento6, Flores7,


Manalaotao8, Saringan9, Verances10, Vicente11, Vigo12
Bataan National High School – Senior High School
kkfagustin02@gmail.com1, trishamaecalms@gmail.com2, dfranzcine@gmail.com3,
Joyce2376domingo@gmail.com4, elmeera.ellivera@gmail.com5, estacamentoc@gmail.com6,
floresjohndominic28@gmail.com7, paulinemanalaotao21@gmail.com8, kyleandreisaringan@gmail.com9,
reinashleyyy@gmail.com10, vicenteangelika28@gmail.com11, angelicavigoo@gmail.com12

Abstract – This study aims to use an awareness video to solve the issue caused by a lack of maintaining
the cleanliness of the school restroom. The purpose of this study was to improve the cleanliness of the school
restroom. This topic was chosen to educate students to be responsible when using the restroom.
Quantitative method were employed to attain the objectives of the study. The observational checklist and
experimental research design were used. The study's participants were 250 Grade 12 STEM students from
the PAGCOR Ground Floor Building who were chosen through convenience sampling. The cleanliness of the
restroom for Floor and Walls, Water Closet, and Urinals obtained less than 0.05 with the p-value of 0.00036,
0.000002, 0.0000049 respectively. While for Wash Area which obtained greater than 0.05 with the p-value of
0.21464 using a t-test paired with two samples for means. From the combined results garnered, the research
study concluded that the awareness video is effective in maintaining the cleanliness of Floors and Walls, WC
or Water Closet and Urinals.

Keywords – cleanliness, school restroom, awareness video

INTRODUCTION of the cleanest facilities in all schools for health


and hygienic purposes. Thousands of public
A restroom is one of the essential facilities in any
schools lack clean water, toilets, DepEd reveals.
establishments, even in public areas (Dagoc,
More than 3,000 public schools—both elementary
2020). Around 50.3 million Filipinos (around 10
and secondary—have no regular source of safe
million families) do not have access to safely
and clean water (Almacen, 2016). Individuals are
managed sanitation services, and of these some
exposed to preventable health risks when water
24 million use limited/unimproved toilets or none
and sanitation services are unavailable,
at all (Unicef, 2020). Untreated waste from bad
inadequate, or poorly managed. According to
sanitation services will harm the environment and
Luistro (2016), the 3,628 elementary and
it can spread illnesses that result in health
secondary schools that have no regular source of
problems.
safe and clean water represent 7.76 percent of the
46,739 public schools in the country—38,657 of
Every day, hundreds of students use school
them elementary schools, and 8,082 secondary
restrooms, making them unclean. According to
schools. School principal from Zamboanga Del
DepEd Order 60, s. 1994, The toilet must be one
Norte shared the reality of limited toilets in the
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midst of their growing population. She explained less concerned on hygiene and are irresponsible in
that they have more than 2,000 students in the maintaining the cleanliness of public facilities.
school and they had to close some toilets because Students who use school restrooms and leave it
the water cannot reach the upper floors of the uncleaned are not civic-minded and lack toilet
building (World Vision, 2019). etiquette.

Poor restroom hygiene is usually related with dirty According to DepEd Order No. 10, s 2016, Hygiene
cubicles, unpleasant smells, and a lack of proper and sanitation are essential to good health.
sanitation facilities. There are many factors that Students might experience problems if there isn't
contribute to the uncleanliness of school adequate cleanliness and hygiene inside the
restrooms. The lack of keeping the restroom clean, school. Like in Bataan National High School, the
which includes poor maintenance, can be a major restroom are unclean which may affect the health
cause of unclean school restrooms that can of the students. Due to potential health risks,
threaten the health of students. Another factor is students in this situation avoid using the school
the disciplinary problem of students using the restrooms. The risk of infection and other illness
school restroom. Students are unaware of the may occur from unclean restrooms. Lack of
rules and regulations of the restroom that are adequate school sanitation facilities may spread a
implemented inside the school. Thus, the majority variety of illnesses and ailments that have the
of the restrooms have been clogged, toilets and potential to put the students’ health at risk.
sinks are dirty and broken. Tons of vandalism are
Restrooms don't always get the attention they
also seen on the floors and walls, making them
need. Grime and foul odors might not be removed
unclean.
by regular cleaning and maintenance routines.
As stated by Chai (2019), Dirty restrooms are This can result in restrooms at schools that may
frequently cited as a source of complaints in many see hundreds of children per day, making them
industries. There are multiple factors and breeding grounds for disease and germs as well as
perceptions that can cause individuals to places where bullying and vandalism can occur.
complain about dirty restrooms. As of 2018, Some students could choose to put up with
Lauren Newman issued that 84 percent of discomfort rather than enter into such a
students considered the school bathrooms to be dangerous and unclean environment, and they
either unclean or very unclean. One of the factors might find it difficult to focus on their academic
is the lack of maintenance. Poor maintenance has work.
become so common that it ceases to bother them
When students avoid poor hygiene and stinky
(Carza,2017). Another factor is the lack of
restrooms, it can lead to a variety of issues.
discipline of students who use school restrooms.
Students may be late because they were looking
According to Abdullah (2016), in certain news, the
for a cleaner restroom. They may refrain from
cleanliness of public toilets reflects the civilisation
eating or drinking in order to avoid using the
of a society. Dirty toilets show that the public are
restroom at school. They may even "hold it" for
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extended periods of time, which can result in LUT


(lower urinary tract) and gastrointestinal issues, Based on the results of the study from Nisa
as well as decreased concentrate and poor (2022), attractive media stimulate toilet training
learning outcomes. Avoiding the use of restrooms abilities of elementary school students. According
due to sanitary concerns can have a negative to the theory developed that, interactive video is a
impact on both health and learning. According to moving image that is accompanied by sound. As
Nursing Times, 79% of respondents in an ERIC non-printed teaching materials, interactive video
survey of schools and school nurses in 2012 learning media is rich in information and
recognized the link between poor toilets and poor straightforward to be used in learning programs,
health, and 84% believed toilet-related health because it can reach students directly. It was
issues had a negative impact on children's obtained very satisfactory results, namely, 90% of
learning. students were declared very good and 5 students
were declared good, so it can be concluded that
Most of the students lack discipline and
learning by using video media is feasible used or
participation in maintaining the cleanliness of the
tested on students. This is also in line with the
school restroom. Researchers will use awareness
results of research conducted by Isti et al., (2020)
video as an intervention in maintaining the
which shows the level of validity that has been
cleanliness of restroom.
carried out by validators that animated video

According to Chudoba (2020), an awareness video media is suitable for use in learning media in

can be a powerful tool in a lot of different schools.

situations. It can be used to draw attention to key


Based on the result of the study from Putri (2020),
issues that matter to you and your organisation,
Table 5 shows the effect of using Stop Motion
raise awareness about who you are and what you
Video Technology (independent variable) of 65.5%
do, inspire people to act by spreading the message
which means it is in the high category. Stop
or taking a specific action, etc. Video is more
Motion Video technology can be a technology-
memorable than other content mediums. In fact,
based learning media for elementary school
audiences retain over 50% more information
students and there is the influence of using Video
through the use of both verbal and visual cues
Stop Motion technology on students' awareness of
(Barone, 2013). Awareness video content also
hygiene and environmental health.
creates value for your target audience so they will
take meaningful action to learn more about your Awareness video will be uploaded to Facebook
organisation (Costa, Connell 2021). Awareness page created by researchers. As a social network
video content should not be overly promotional site, Facebook has been one of the most important
but instead should be educational and valuable. social trends of the last decade. Although it
According to Meade (2019), this content should be started in 2004, Facebook currently has over a
very engaging, so much so that they will take billion monthly active users (Facebook, 2012).
action to learn more about you. Facebook pages are easy to make and anyone can

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access it. Thru Facebook insights, researchers can HYPOTHESIS


see the views and post engagement of who access 1. There is no significant difference in the toilet
the page. cleanliness before and after the intervention.

By this, researchers seek to see if this intervention


MATERIALS AND METHOD
will have an impact to the cleanliness of BNHS-
In this quantitative inquiry, a experimentalm
SHS PAGCOR Ground Floor Building Restrooms.
research design is used to observed and describe
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY the cleanliness in BNHS-SHS PAGCOR Ground
Floor Building Restrooms. An ASEAN Public Toilet
In this case, the researchers aim to enable Standard Checklist was provided to discern and
students to comprehend the significance of observe the situation inside the school restrooms
maintaining the restroom cleanliness. It examines before and after the intervention and used to
the efficacy of the awareness video in BNHS-SHS collect data. The collected data from the ASEAN
PAGCOR Ground Floor Building Restroom. Public Toilet Standard Checklist indicates that it
Researcher seeks if the usage of awareness video is less than 0.05, and thus the null hypothesis
that the participants watch is useful in should be rejected. As a result, the general
maintaining the restroom cleanliness. cleanliness before and after the operation differs
significantly. Additionally, the fact that the data's
The following results of this study may
results have improved between before and after
contribute for students, school and janitorial staff
the intervention further illustrates the
in order to maintain the cleanliness. Also, it serves
effectiveness of awareness video on Floors and
as the basis of future studies to take action for
Walls, WC, and Urinals. However, the use of an
this problem.
awareness video on maintaining restroom
RESEARCH QUESTIONS cleanliness was not effective for the wash area
This sought to answer the following questions: since the result was greater than 0.05, and thus
1. How may the cleanliness of BNHS-SHS the null hypothesis should not be rejected.
PAGCOR Ground Floor Building Restrooms
be described in terms of: Participants
1.1 Floor and Walls The study targeted the 250 Grade 12 STEM
1.2 Wash Area students in PAGCOR Ground Floor Building as
1.3 Water Closet the respondents of this study which were non-
1.4 Urinals randomly selected using convenience sampling
technique. As defined, this is a type of non-
2. Is there a significant difference in the toilet probability sampling that involves participants
cleanliness before and after the that are available around a location (Stratton,
intervention? 2021).

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The STEM students from PAGCOR Ground respondents. In order to carry out the data
Floor Building were chosen as respondents of this collection properly, they divided each task and
study based on how they used the restroom assigned for daily observation. In the pre-
during the conduct of the study. intervention and post-intervention, these are the
days they were assigned. In the first, fifth and
Instrument
sixth days, Ashley Verances, Trisha Calumno, and
The main instrument used to gather pertinent
Almiera Domingo were assigned. On the second,
data for the study is an observational checklist,
seventh and last day, Angelica Vigo, John Dominic
which was adopted by the study from Rahman
Flores, and Franzcine De leon were assigned. On
(2022). The observational checklist is divided into
the third and eighth day, Elmeera Ellivera,
four parts. The first part included the general,
Carmela Estacamento, and Kristiana Agustin were
such as examining the cleanliness of floors and
assigned. And on the fourth and ninth days, Kyle
walls. Specifically, it provided two items that the
Saringan, Angelika Vicenta, and Pauline
researchers will observe based on cleanliness of
Manalaotao were assigned to observe the
restroom. Thus, the validity and reliability of this
restroom.
questionnaire have already been established.
The second part consisted of two items Researchers was assigned to go to the PAGCOR
examining the wash area of the restroom, Ground Floor Building to observe their restroom.
including the tissue/soap dispenser and the Every 6:15 pm after class, the assigned
overall wash area. These two items aimed to researchers went to the PAGCOR Ground Floor
describe the cleanliness of restroom based on Building Restroom for girls and boys to see the
wash area. state of the restroom and took some photos to
The third part consisted of two items: observing serve as proof of the observation being made.
the water closet of the restroom as well as the Afterwards, they check and mark the
cubicle floor and waste bin. observational check list that contains the things
The fourth and last part of the observational to be observed.
checklist included the urinals. Specifically, it
After 10 days of the pre-intervention, data
observed the cleanliness of restroom in terms of
collection was paused to start the day of watching
urinals.
the intervention which was the awareness video
These observational checklist were done for 10
made by the researchers. The researchers
days for data collection before and after the
uploaded their awareness video to their Facebook
intervention.
page. The awareness video was played for two
days and in order for the respondents to watch it,
Data Collection Procedure
the researchers sent a Google form to the
Before the data collection started, the
president of each section from the Ground Floor
researchers made sure that they would follow the
Building of PAGCOR. The Google form contains
procedures for it to be done. On the first day, the
their profile and after submitting, the Facebook
researchers gave a consent letter for their
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link was attached that will proceed to the Mean Score and Descriptive Ratings of the Pre
Facebook page where the awareness video was Intervention Results
uploaded. The researchers ensured that only
Pre Intervention
respondents could watched the video and it must
Mean Scores Description
reach 80% views from the total number of
Floor and 2.23 The restroom’s
respondents before they performed the data
Walls cleanliness
collection for the post-intervention.
shows that it is
For the post intervention data collection, rarely clean.
researchers did the same as they did on the pre Wash 3.43 The restroom’s
invention. They observed the restroom for 10 days Area cleanliness
and seek if any changes occurred after the shows that it is
intervention. often clean.
WC 1.48 The restroom’s
Ethical Considerations
cleanliness
Through concerted efforts, each step of the
shows that it is
research process was ensured to pass the ethical
never clean.
standards set by Bryman and Bell (Anwar, 2016).
Respondents were fully aware of all aspects of the Urinals 1.60 The restroom’s

undertaking, including the security of the data cleanliness

obtained as well as their anonymity. Informed shows that it is

consent was obtained from the respondents before never clean.

data collection with strict adherence to respect,


dignity, and well-being. Respect for intellectual
The Table 1 shows mean scores from data
property is preserved by properly crediting the
collected for pre intervention in course of 10 days.
authors of cited works. Statistical processing and
As indicated in the first column is the four
QDAMine lite are used to ensure objectivity in
elements needed to observe. Second column
data processing.
consists of the mean scores for the following

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION element. And for the third column is the

Part 1: Mean Scores of the Pre and Post description of the corresponding mean scores. For

Intervention in terms of: the Floor and Walls were 2.23 means rarely clean;
3.43 for the Wash Area means often clean; 1.48
1.1 Floor and Walls for WC means never clean; and 1.60 for urinals,
1.2 Wash Area indicating that the restroom's cleanliness was
1.3 Water Closet never clean. This shows that before the
1.4 Urinals intervention began, there were no signs of proper

Table 1 way of maintaining the cleanliness of school


restroom.
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Table 2 Part 2: P-value from T-test: Paired Two Sample for


Means of the Pre and Post Intervention
Mean Score and Descriptive Ratings of the Post
Intervention Results Table 3

Post Intervention P-value and Descriptive Ratings for the Floors


Mean Scores and Walls, Water Closet and Urinals of the Pre

Floor and 3.28 The restroom’s and Post Intervention Results

Walls cleanliness
Pre and Post Intervention
shows that it is
P- Decision Description
sometimes
value
clean.
Floor and 0.000 Reject the There is
Wash 3.20 The restroom’s
Walls 36 null significant
Area cleanliness
hypothesis difference
shows that it is
between the
sometimes
cleanliness of
clean.
the floors and
WC 2.80 The restroom’s
walls before
cleanliness
and after
shows that it is
intervention.
sometimes
WC 0.000 Reject the There is
clean.
002 null significant
Urinals 3.00 The restroom’s
hypothesis difference
cleanliness
between the
shows that it is
cleanliness of
sometimes
the water
clean.
closet before
and after

The Table 2 shows mean scores of post intervention.

intervention for the Floor and Walls, Wash Area, Urinals 0.000 Reject the There is
WC, and Urinals in course of 10 days. For Floor 0049 null significant
and Walls were 3.28, 3.20 for Wash Area, 2.80 for hypothesis difference
Water closets and 3.00 for Urinals indicating that between the
restrooms were sometimes clean. This reveal that cleanliness of
after intervention, restrooms shows changes and the urinals
become cleaner. before and
after

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intervention. hypothesis. Therefore, there is no significant


difference between the cleanliness of the wash
area before and after intervention. As a result, this
Table 3 showed that the cleanliness of the
signifies that the awareness video is ineffective in
restroom for floor and walls, water closet, and
maintaining the cleanliness of the wash area since
urinals obtained less than 0.05 with the p-value of
the result of the data before and after the
0.00036, 0.000002, 0.0000049 respectively.
intervention has not improved.
Which means that the null hypothesis was
rejected, therefore, there is a significant difference CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
between the cleanliness of the Floor and Walls, The study focused on determining the
WC, and Urinals before and after intervention. effectiveness of the awareness video in BNHS-SHS
Moreover, this signifies further the effectiveness of PAGCOR Ground Floor Restroom. This study
awareness video in maintaining the cleanliness adopted a standardized checklist to observe the
since the result of the data before and after the cleanliness of restroom in terms of Floors and
intervention has improved. Walls, Wash Area, WC or Water Closet and
Urinals. From the combined results garnered, it
Table 4
can be concluded that the awareness video is

P-value and Descriptive Ratings for the Wash effective in maintaining the cleanliness of Floors

Area of the Pre and Post Intervention Results and Walls, WC or Water Closet and Urinals.
The 250 Grade 12 STEM students in PAGCOR
Pre and Post Intervention Ground Floor Building served as respondents of
P- Decision Description this study given that they are the one who used
value the restroom being observed.
Wash Area 0.214 Do not There is no In addition, it is highly recommended that the
64 reject the significant results of this study be used as basis to maintain
null difference the cleanliness of the school restroom for the sake
hypothesis between the of students who will use it. Cleanliness of school
cleanliness of restroom can be effectively maintain if students
the wash area know how to use it properly.
before and Reminding of the rules and regulations of
after school restrooms by spearheading
intervention. seminars/webinars may be done in order to
assess the students on how to maintain the
cleanliness of school restroom. School principal
Table 4 showed that the cleanliness of the
and staff may be informed about the effectiveness
restroom obtained 0.21464 with a t-test paired
of awareness video to use them as a tool to remind
with two samples for means. This means that it is
students. Moreover, an extension of this study
greater than 0.05, meaning do not reject the null
may concentrate on the perceptions of the
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students towards the cleanliness of restroom so as Facebook. (2012). Facebook policies.


to confirm whether the cleanliness have an effect https://developers.facebook.com/policy/
to the perceptions of students towards it.
Fuerte, R. (2016).The domino effect of poor WaSH
This study may also be conducted across other
(Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) conditions.
schools restroom. In addition, aside from
https://www.worldvision.org.ph/stories/the
cleanliness, another study may be conducted to
-domino-effect-of-poor-wash-conditions/
determine the best practices of maintaining
cleanliness of school restrooms in Bataan. It is Lamacen, A. (2016). Thousands of public schools
also encouraged to include a larger sample or the lack clean water, toilets, DepEd reveals.
total population of the students in school to https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/775412/thou
obtain a more rigorous result. This study may also sands-of-public-schools-lack-clean-water-
serve as premise to compare the effectiveness of toilets-deped-reveals
awareness video in school restroom from Balanga
Newman, L. (2018).Student survey bring attention
with the other school restroom of Bataan.
to school restroom sanitation issues.
https://eagleeye.news/5891/news/student-
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