CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Transportation is one of the biggest factors that affects the lives of people in their

everyday lives. That is why different vehicles are build and developed. However, in spite

of their positive benefits it has also created a wide variety of problems that is still faced

till the present day. One of these problems is air pollution which is extremely serious,

which affect everyone on a global scale. Jeepneys, buses, airplanes, motorcycle and

etc., are emitting malicious and toxic carbon gases that any individual could get every

time they inhale.

Another thing is the traffic, which is the main problem of today’s cities. Due to the

increasing volume of vehicles and limited road spaces, traffic is present and getting

worse each day. Because of that, many people are getting late heading to their

workplace or destinations and tons of money are being wasted. Exercise, is one of the

essential needs of a human body, but because of work a lot of people has little time for

it and they end up having unhealthy bodies which will cause a bigger problem especially

their health. These problems needs an innovation that can provide a solution. That’s

why the researchers came up with an idea of building a Self-Generating Electric bike.
1.2 CURRENT STATE OF TECHNOLOGY

The project SG E-bike is a combination of the principle of Electric bike and an

Electric bicycle Generator, but it follows the construction of a motorcycle and design of a

simple traditional bicycle. Compare to motorcycles, jeepneys, buses and other

transportation vehicles, this vehicle provides no petrol, which means it doesn't emit any

harmful gases. In short this is an eco-friendly motor that runs up to 50 kph (almost half

of the motorcycle maximum speed). The researchers build this project to eliminate the

uses of diesel and electricity sources.

Despite having an eco-friendly approach, E-bikes are just limited for short

distance travel and cannot go further places. So basically, the researchers decided to

produce a solution for this problem and create an endless motion of transportation. SG

E-Bike can travel limitless, as long as you can make pedals to run off. As you pedal, it

charges electricity and can use it to power the motor installed or vice versa.

1.3 GENERAL OBJECTIVE

“To build an eco-friendly vehicle that will provide solution for different problems.”

1.4 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

 To solve the increasing shortage demand for petroleum gasoline and electricity.

 To conserve energy that is being wasted.

 To help each individual commuting easily.

  To maintain a healthy body while transporting to work or offices.

 To ease the traffic problem by using this small-scale foldable vehicle.

 To lessen the damage dealt of different technologies on the nature by using

ecologically aspects.

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

Scope (can)

 Can attain a maximum speed of 40 KPH.

 Can conserve energy that is being wasted upon pedalling.

 Can run under narrow spaces and good for escaping traffic problem.

 Can charge cell phone batteries.

 Can control your desired speed.

Limitation (can’t)

 Cannot carry heavy things and limited upon 120 kgs.

 Cannot be charge other than pedalling.

 Only one person can ride the vehicle.

 Cannot go under major roads.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 Bikers- This is useful for bikers to be able to conserve the energy they produced

while riding and use this as their source of energy as the motor installed.

 Young professionals – He/she can lessen their time for commuting and to avoid

getting late on their works or destinations.

 Students – This is very essential for the students who has limited amount of

allowance, it can also lessen their commuting time to avoid getting late for class.

 Riders – It is beneficial to all riders because it doesn’t neede gas to function, it

also saves money that is being consumed for refilling petroleum gasoline. Also, it

doesn’t require any license nor registration for using this vehicle.

 Adults – Ages 40-60 can also benefit using this vehicle, because upon aging, a

person’s body is getting weaker so they cannot use biking as a form of exercise

any longer. But this project provides conservation of energy which they can use

to conserved energy for running the motor vehicle freely without pedalling. So,

they can run the vehicle even without using leg power.

 Future Researchers- This project can innovate further by the future researchers

for upgrading and adding improvement ideas related to this design project.
1.7 Definition of Terms

Self-Generating Electric Bike - A simple vehicle that follows the construction of E-bike

and electric generator bicycle in one.

Pedaling - This is the term use to describe the motion of a person who makes pedal

through biking. It is the physical energy that converts through electricity to use as a

source of power of the motor in Self Generating Electric Bike.

Adjustable grip speed- By moving the grip in a clockwise direction, the speed will start

to goes up and goes down when moving in counterclockwise. The exceeded point for

counter clockwise of the grip is the break to stop the motor for running, while the

maximum speed will be attain by exceeding clockwise.

ON-OFF mode- The vehicle features on and off switching mode wherein if the vehicles

in ON-mode you don’t need to make any pedaling, however if the said switch is in off

state, the vehicle wouldn’t run freely

Single-pole, single-throw (SPST) switch- Is as simple as it gets. It’s got one output

and one input. The switch will either be closed or completely disconnected.

Charger controller- It block reverse current and prevent battery overcharge. Some

controllers also prevent battery over discharge, protect from electrical overload, and/or

display battery status and the flow of power.

Speedometer- Speed can be view using the speedometer installed to control your

limits.
 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

2.1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter present related studies and literature, both of which have significant

relation to the study which helps the group to further understand the proposed project.
2.2 RELATED LITERATURE

Studying the environment is the fundamental of all inventions and creation of all

technologies. Innovations came from the problem that exist within the society, so as the

researchers did. The team look and search for different major problems that the cities

were currently facing. One of this is the traffic, based on the 2015 Global Satisfaction

conducted by Waze, Metro Manila has the "worst traffic on Earth". It is clearly stating

that traffic is one of the major problems that needed to provide solution immediately.

Different associations and government departments are aware on this, perhaps they on

their way to solve it. Building major highways, roads, subways, trains and other

improvement facilities that will ease the traffic, is their main solution for this problem, but

it will take years to achieve and accomplished.

Another thing is the air pollution which dominates not just the cities but the world

itself. According to World Health Organization (WHO) over six million deaths are linked

to indoor and outdoor pollution due to non-communicable diseases such as heart

disease, stroke, lung cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases every year. In the

Philippines, about 1 in 4 deaths are attributed to air pollution. The DENR, DOH, and

WHO are taking steps to decrease the environmental health risk of air pollution

including improving the linkage of air quality and health monitoring, reviewing the air
quality index, and strengthening the health impact assessment for projects and activities

that may cause air pollution. This is a serious life-threatening problem that needs a

solution right away. People cannot eliminate the air pollution but it can decrease the

damage it causes by creating zero pollution vehicles.

2.3 RELATED FOREIGN STUDIES

SOLAIR (Self Charging Electric Bicycle) by KuldipPawar, RohitPawar, Darshan

Muttha, Manoj Yawale & Prof.Mohit Kumar Shakya is used to describe "electric-motor-

powered bicycles," including both fully and partially motor-powered bicycles. This

project is consist six separate parts: The Battery, Dynamo as a wind generator, the

BLDC motor, controller, charging system and solar panel. Use of simplified Mechanical

design and less weighted dry cell batteries to overcome the above problems. Wind-solar

combination is used for self-charging. Due to that bicycle become smart and speed is

increased. Charging time required for battery of this bicycle is less and discharging time

is more. Some components such as motor, controller, battery, governor were installed in

common bicycle, it is called electric bicycle. The speed of electric bicycle is controlled

by controller, which ensure the electric bicycle safety and it is also the core component.

A self-charging electric bicycle based on a brushless dc motor drive which has high

efficiency, zero pollution, clean and convenient, is then designed and implemented in

this project. (January-march 2015)

 Pedal Power Generation by Rajesh Kannan Megalingam, Pranav Sreedharan

Veliyara, Raghavendra Murali Prabhu, and Rocky Katoch is the main mode of

transportation for many Indian villagers. Most of these villages are un-electrified. Power

generated by pedaling can be converted from mechanical to electrical energy by using

either dynamo or alternator. Small powered lighting devices can be charged using

dynamo and can be used in the night by students for study purposes. This principle can

be extended to power mobiles, iPods, laptops etc. Power can be also generated from

the rotation of the wheels of alternator vehicles like bikes and cars, where there is a

possibility of generating more power. The generated power can be either used in the

same vehicle or can be stored in a battery for powering some other devices. Riding

bicycle helps in maintaining a good physic and along with-it power can be also

generated. This paper presents methods in generating electricity by pedaling a bicycle.

It also explains in detail the method using bottle dynamo to generate power. A detailed

analysis of using pedal power is also presented. (January 2012)

E-bikes in the Mainstream: Reviewing a Decade of Research by Elliot Fishman

and Christopher Robin Cherry Electric bicycles (e-bikes) represent one of the fastest

growing segments of the transport market. Over 31 million e-bikes were sold in 2012.

Research has followed this growth and this paper provides a synthesis of the most

pertinent themes emerging over the past on the burgeoning topic of e-bikes. The focus

is transport rather than recreational e-bike research, as well as the most critical

research gaps requiring attention. China leads the world in e-bike sales, followed by the

Netherlands and Germany. E-bikes can maintain speed with less effort. E-bikes are
found to increase bicycle usage. E-bikes have the potential to displace conventional

motorized (internal combustion) modes, but there are open questions about their role in

displacing traditional bicycles. E-bikes have been shown to provide health benefits and

an order of magnitude less carbon dioxide than a car travelling the same distance.

Safety issues have emerged as a policy issue in several jurisdictions and e-bike

numbers are now approaching levels in which adequate safety data are able to be

collected. Research on e-bikes is still in its infancy. As e-bike usage continues to grow,

so too will the need for further research, in order to provide the necessary data to inform

policy-makers and industry. (2014)

2.4 RELATED LOCAL STUDIES

The proposed project Portable Self-Sustaining Electric Generator by Floilan

Destreza is the idea of which addresses the needs of the community of having a less

fuel, less pollutant and less worry about the source of electricity. This paper is a

proposal for possible solution on the fuel shortage in the market and global warming. It

includes the lay-out, designing and identifying components for the proposed project.

Components of the Portable Self-Sustainable Electric Generator have been identified.

The researcher came up with a final design with the components' configuration and

specifications.