This document discusses the analysis of closed systems in terms of energy. It explains that boundary work done by a system is positive during expansion as volume increases, and negative during compression as volume decreases. The total boundary work for a process is calculated by integrating the differential boundary work over the entire process, from initial to final states.
This document discusses the analysis of closed systems in terms of energy. It explains that boundary work done by a system is positive during expansion as volume increases, and negative during compression as volume decreases. The total boundary work for a process is calculated by integrating the differential boundary work over the entire process, from initial to final states.
This document discusses the analysis of closed systems in terms of energy. It explains that boundary work done by a system is positive during expansion as volume increases, and negative during compression as volume decreases. The total boundary work for a process is calculated by integrating the differential boundary work over the entire process, from initial to final states.
P is the absolute pressure, which is always positive.However, the volume
change dV is positive during an expansion process(volume increasing) and negative during a compression process (volumedecreasing). Thus, the boundary work is positive during an expansionprocess and negative during a compression process. Therefore, Eq. 4–1 canbe viewed as an expression for boundary work output, Wb,out. A negative
result indicates boundary work input (compression).The total boundary
work done during the entire process as the piston moves is obtained by adding all the differential works from the initial stateto the final state is