Fluid Statics

Fluid Statics
In statics the particles of fluid is at rest or there is
no relative motion between adjacent layers.
 No Shear stress
 Any force between the fluid and the boundary must be acting at
right angles to the boundary
 Pascal’s Law

It states that the pressure or intensity of

pressure at a point in a static fluid is
equal in all directions
.
Pressure at a Point in Static Fluid
Variation Of Pressure
Vertically In A Fluid Under
Gravity
EQUALITY OF PRESSURE AT THE SAME
LEVEL IN A STATIC FLUID
pabsolute = p gage
gage + patm

Pressure Measurement
Reference
 Pressure Measurement
Barometer Manometer
Pressure Measurement: Manometer

Piezometer
U tube manometer
Differential manometer
Multiple tube manometer
Multiple liquid manometer
Inclined tube manometer
Inverted U tube manometer
Manometer with enlarged ends
The Piezometer Tube Manometer
The "U"-Tube Manometer
Forces on Submerged Surfaces in
Static Fluids
General submerged plane
 HORIZONTAL SUBMERGED PLANE

 For a horizontal plane submerged in a liquid (or a plane

experiencing uniform pressure over its surface), the
pressure, p, will be equal at all points of the surface.
Thus the resultant force will be given by

The resultant force acting at right-angles

to the plane through the centre of
pressure
 Forces on a Plane Area Immersed in Liquid

R = gAx
I G Sin 2
h= +x
Ax
IG Moment of inertia of area about an axis passing through CG
RESULTANT FORCE ON A SUBMERGED
CURVED SURFACE

•The horizontal component of force, Rh on a curved surface equals the force on the plane area formed by
the projection of the curved surface onto a vertical plane normal to the component .

•The vertical component of pressure force, Rv on a curved surface equals in magnitude and direction the
weight of the entire column of fluid, both liquid and atmosphere, above the curved surface.

−1 Rv
R = Rh + Rv  = tan
Rh
Stability of a submerged body
Stability of floating bodies