Basic Platform Security Course

BASIC COURSE OF SAFETY OF PLATFORM
PARTICIPANT'S GUIDE
Company Details for Booking and Enquiries

West Group Industrial Training
Website: www.westgroup.com.br
Edition: 11
UNIDADE VITÓRIA
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Copyright © 2012 by West Group Treinamentos Industriais Ltda.
© All duties reserved: No part from this document can be reproduced,

stored or introduced in a recuperation system, or other way transmitted,
by means (electronics, mechanical, photocopy, record or other) or
purpose, without write permission from West Group.
The examples of companies, organizations, products, e-mails

addresses, logos, persons, places and happenings here mentioned are
fictitious , unless when have reverse indication. No association with any
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STUDY TIPS
2. The slowly reading makes that at the end of a

1. Read all the titles. Be well-informed about the paragraph, we forget your beginning and must return
contents in order to your mind get a larger vision and to see it. Who reads well and quickly meets time to
scope all of it. read and makes an increase to his time.
4. Study without distraction. Find a way to

3. The reading place makes an influence in the
minimize the extern noises; what are sporadic
performance. Give preference to a spacious room,
noises, strangers sounds, like a shout, horn etc. To
with a good ventilation, light, and silence. Besides
study at night when there is silence, or, early
the text it’s important to have a dictionary, a pencil
and enough paper to make notes. (Sunday morning is an excellent hour).
5. Underline with intelligence. Underlining is an art

that helps us to put in prominence central ideas, key- 6. The dominion each time better of the
words and other important things. Who underlines vocabulary enriches our possibility of
with intelligence keeps the attention to the reading. understanding and increases the reading velocity.
7. Do not interrupt the Reading, the text sequence

will make clear the meaning from the unknown word;
register the unknown word in a paper and continue 8. Read and understand what did read. Interact
to read. At the end of each chapter, take the with the subject bringing it constant in your day-by-
dictionary to look for the unknowns words registered. day.
10. Pronounce the words: “I will study two pages”,

9. Do not lament for didn’t study yesterday. Start “I’m going to dominate this rules now”. Say the words
now. Never say “on Monday I’ll begin”, wants to in firmly to your own self, like a strong suggestion
pass? Then begin just now. for your unconsciously.
11. Many repetitions will help you to fix the content.

So many times you see that it will make you 12. You should give classes for someone. Show a
comfortable with the subject. See it again and part from the content to a friend and do it together.
always, because in each revision little problems Once you, once he. To study in a team usually
appear and get resolved also other things are more animates us when everyone participate and one
memorized. help the other for not to desists and the study can
goes farther.
14. Alimentation is the life energy, seek food that

has natural sugar (fruits); because the cerebrum is
feeded exclusively by sugar (try not to eat so much
13. A tired body assimilates less content. That’s why and do not keep eating during the study, it can
sleep well is fundamental. perturb this moment – you’ll lose time and the
concentration will be split between eat and read, use
this moment to look forward and respire profoundly)
DISCIPLINES
FPFF
FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING
EFA
ELEMENTARY FIRST AID
PSSR
PERSONAL SAFETY AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
PST/EP
PERSONAL SURVIVAL TECHNIQUES AND EMERGENCY
PROCEDURE
SUMMARY - FPFF
CHAPTER 1 - FIRE PREVENTION ................................................................. 4
1.1. COMBUSTION THEORY .......................................................................................... 4

1.2 COMBUSTION PHENOMENON ................................................................................ 8
1.3 PRINCIPLES OF FIRE PREVENTION ON BOARD ................................................... 9
1.4 SPREAD OF FIRE - CAUSES AND METHODS OF PROPAGATION ..................... 10
1.5 PREVENTIVE METHODS OF FIRE FIGHTING ....................................................... 12
1.6 PATROL SYSTEM AND SURVEILLANCE .............................................................. 14
1.7 DETECTION SYSTEM OF FIRE OR SMOKE, ALARM AUTOMATIC ON BOARD 15
1.8 ACTIONS WHEN DETECT SMOKE ON BOARD .................................................... 16
CHAPTER 2 - FIRE FIGHTING ..................................................................... 17
2.1 FIRE CLASSIFICATION........................................................................................... 17

2.2 FIRE FIGHTING METHODS ..................................................................................... 18
2.3 EXTINGUISHERS AGENTS..................................................................................... 19
2.4 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ....................................................................... 21
2.5. WATER LIKE EXTINGUISHER AGENT ................................................................. 25
CHAPTER 3 – FIREFIGHTING ORGANIZATION ........................................ 34
3.1 FIRE FIGHTING ON BOARD AND MASTER TABLE FUNCTIONS ........................ 34

3.2 FIXED SYSTEM OF FIRE FIGHTING....................................................................... 36
3.3 ACTIONS OF THE FIRE BRIGADE ......................................................................... 39
ANNEX OF FIXING EXERCISES ................................................................. 41

SUMMARY - EFA
CHAPTER 1 – FIRST AID INTRODUCTION................................................... 5
1.1 BASIC RULES FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS .................................................... 5

1.2 HOW TO PUT IN ACTION THE ALARM OR COMMUNICATE AN EMERGENCY
SITUATION ...................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 TECHNICALS OF RESCUE AND TRANSPORTATION ............................................ 6
1.4. MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IN UNIT IN OFFSHORE AND NEARNESS .................... 12
1.5 THE IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL HYGIENE AND HEALTH ON BOARD ......... 13
CHAPTER 2 - THE HUMAN BODY .............................................................. 16
2.1 STRUCTURE OF BONE AND MUSCLE .................................................................. 16

2.2 MAIN ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS ......................................................................... 18
2.3 SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................. 18
CHAPTER 3 - FIRST AID PROCEDURES.................................................... 23
3.1 BASIC LIFE SUPPORT ............................................................................................ 23

3.2 STATE OF SHOCK .................................................................................................. 27
3.3 HEMORRHAGE ....................................................................................................... 28
3.4 BURNS ..................................................................................................................... 32
3.5 TYPES OF TRAUMA ................................................................................................ 37
3.6 SPECIAL PROCEDURES ........................................................................................ 43
3.7 LIFTING AND LOWERING OF THE VICTIMS ......................................................... 50

SUMMARY - PSSR
CHAPTER 1 – SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND HUMAN RELATIONS ON

BOARD........................................................................................................... 8
1.1 BASIC ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION .............................................................. 8

1.2 BARRIERS OF THE COMMUNICATION ................................................................... 9
1.3 IMPORTANCE OF GOOD RELATIONSHIP IN THE OFFSHORE ENVIROMENT .. 10
1.4 PRACTICE OF LEADERSHIP ................................................................................. 11
1.5 GROUP COHESION TO ACHIEVE GOALS ............................................................ 12
1.6 SOCIAL AND LABOR RESPONSIBILITIES............................................................ 12
1.7 NEGATIVE REFLEX OF THE USE OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS .............. 14
1.8 HOW THE STRESS AND INTERPERSONAL DIFFERENCES CREATE ADVERSE
CONDITIONS TO WELFARE AND SAFETY ................................................................. 16
1.9 NATURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND THE NEED OF
TOLERANCE AMONG THE CO-WORKERS ................................................................ 21
CHAPTER 2 - SAFETY WORK ON BOARD ................................................. 23
2.1 PURPOSE OF THE REGULATION NORM - NR-30 ................................................ 23

2.2 SAFETY ON BOARD - LIABILITY OF ALL.............................................................. 24
2.3 ACCIDENTS, NEAR MISSES AND INCIDENTS. .................................................... 24
2.4 MAIN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AT WORK AND THE ROLE OF CIPA ................ 25
2.5 FACTORS OF RISK THAT MAY INFLUENCE ON THE ATTITUDES AND
ANSWERS ..................................................................................................................... 26
2.6 CONCEPT OF DANGER AND RISK ........................................................................ 27
2.7 RISK, FREQUENCY, AND CONSEQUENCES........................................................ 31
2.8 UNSAFE ACTS AND CONDITIONS ........................................................................ 31
2.9 PPE AND SAFETY STANDARDS ........................................................................... 36
2.10 EFFECTS AND PREUCATION AGAINST THE PRESENCE OF TOXIC GASES . 37
2.11 WORKS IN CONFINED SPACES .......................................................................... 39
2.12 PROPER USE OF PPE........................................................................................... 42
2.13 THE PREVENTIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE OPERATIONAL DISCIPLINE .......... 42
CHAPTER 3 - POLLUTION PREVENTION AND SUPERVISION ................ 44

3.1 EFFECT OF POLLUTION IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT ................................. 44
3.2 PURPOSE OF THE LAW AND ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS ......................... 44
3.3 POLLUTING SOURCES .......................................................................................... 45
3.4 BASIC PROCEDURES OF PREVENTION .............................................................. 45
3.5 BRAZILIAN TERRITORIAL WATERS AND JURISDICTION OF THE MARITIME
AUTHORITY ................................................................................................................... 46
3.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE MARINE DISTRICT........................................................ 47
3.7 PORT STATE CONTROL AND FLAG STATE CONTROL ...................................... 48
3.8 STOWAWAY PASSANGER AND TERRORISM ..................................................... 50
3.9 PIRACY AND ILICIT ACTS AS ASSAULT OR THEFT ............................................ 50
ANNEX 2 – REGULATION NORMS - MTE ................................................... 54

SUMMARY - PST/EP
CHAPTER 1 - PROCEDURES AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ................. 6
1.1 TYPES OF EMERGENCIES ....................................................................................... 6

1.2 WARNING SIGNS ...................................................................................................... 6
1.3 MASTER TABLE, SAFETY GUIDELINES AND CONTINGENCY PLAN. ................. 7
1.4 EMPLOYMENT OF SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT ......................................................... 12
1.5 SYSTEM OF INTERIOR COMMUNICATIONS ON BOARD .................................... 23
1.6 ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS OF THE CHAIN OF COMMAND .......................... 23
1.7 SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR COMBINED OPERATIONS .................................. 24
CHAPTER 2 - GUIDANCE ON SAFETY ON BOARD ................................... 26
2.1 KEY COMPARTIMENTS AND MAIN EQUIPMENTS ON A PLATFORM ................ 26

2.2 FUNCTIONAL AND HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTION
PROCESSES OF THE PLATFORM............................................................................... 26
2.3 ELEMENTS OF STABILITY AND SEALING ........................................................... 27
2.4 BASIC PROCEDURES FOR EVACUATION / ABANDONMENT ............................ 29
2.5 MEANS OF ESCAPE / ABANDONMENT ................................................................ 30
2.6 PROCEDURES FOR BOARDING AND LANDING SAFELY IN HELICOPTER ...... 34
CHAPTER 3 - TECHNICAL OF SURVIVAL AT SEA .................................... 36
3.1 SALVAGE AND SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT .............................................................. 36

3.2 PROCEDURES OF THE CASTAWAY IN WATER .................................................. 44
3.3 SELFCONTROL AND CAUTIONS TO SURVIVE .................................................... 47
3.4 MEANS OF ALERT AND SIGNALIZATION............................................................. 51
ANNEX 2 - EXAMPLE OF MASTER TABLE ................................................ 58
GLOSSARY.................................................................................................. 65
COURSE OVERVIEW
The business philosophy of the West Group Industrial Training can be synthesized in
to recognize the value of people and add for them new skills, aiming to develop not
only professional, but above all as a human being.
Thus we are able to offer and develop solutions to meet the consulting and training
business needs with the focused on the preservation of life, in its broadest sense,
contributing effectively to achieve the strategic goal of business excellence to our
customers.
The Participant Manual is applied to the training in prevention and firefighting to

develop in professionals attitude prevention and enable them with safe techniques in
fighting when the fire is in starting position.
The course meets the requirements of NORMAM-24/DPC. And the following

standards: NBR 9443, NBR 944, NBR 12615, NBR 14277, NBR 10721, NBR 11715 ,
NR 23, NFPA - National Fire Protection Association - Organization of American
development of Standards, Standards Training and Fire Fighting guidelines, OSHA -
Occupational Safety and Health Administration - Government body that develops
standards, Standards, training, emergency evacuation plan, and classification of fire
extinguishers etc.
We wish that this course be useful for dealing with problems of everyday life and can
contribute effectively to individual growth and professional.
Welcome!
West Group Treinamentos Industriais Ltda

CHAPTER 1 - FIRE PREVENTION
1.1. COMBUSTION THEORY
Fire is one of the most elementary chemical reaction called combustion or burning of
three elements: COMBUSTIBLE, BURNING AND ACTIVATION ENERGY. The
existence of the fire is conditional on the presence of these three elements in
favorable conditions. During the reaction, ie, during firing, there is evolution of heat
and light, continuously.
For didactic purposes we created a geometric abstraction, called the FIRE

TRIANGLE to facilitate understanding of the combustion process.
Figure 1: Fire Triangle
• Fire Tetrahedron
Tetrahedron is an evolution of the concept of the fire triangle where was discovered a
new element (chain reaction).
1.1.1 Elements of the Combustion
As we have seen, today are considered four elements of combustion:
Combustible, burning, heat and chain reaction.
All duties reserved: No part from this document can be reproduced, stored or introduced in a recuperation system, or other way transmitted, by means (electronics,
mechanical, photocopy, record or other) or purpose, without write permission from West Group.
4
a. Combustible
It is all that burns. In nature, theoretically neither material is noncombustible, but for
practical purposes, we divide the body into combustible and non-combustible. Where
there are those that start the combusting below 1000 ° C and the incombustible that
enter in combusting just above this temperature.
Are presented in three physical states of matter: solid, liquid and gaseous.
b. Burning
Burning, or oxidizing agent, is the element that allows life to the flames and
intensifies the fire combustion. The most common in nature is the oxygen found in
the atmosphere at a rate of 21%.
Atmospheric air is composed of:
• 78.06% nitrogen;
• 21% oxygen;
• 0.03% of carbon dioxide;
• 0.91% of rare and noble gases.

Figure 2: Composition of atmospheric air
Regarding the level of oxygen concentration in a given environment, the combustion

presents itself in different ways, as the table below:
Table 1: Forms of combustion
PERCENTAGE OF
FEATURE OF COMBUSTION
OXYGEN (%)
Prevalence of flame
21 to 12 oxygen-rich environment
(Complete Combustion)
Embers or smoke
12 to 6
(Incomplete Combustion)
There will be no combustion

Below 6 (except for materials with inflammable material
incorporated into its own structure).
5
c. Heat (energy of activation)
It is a form of energy that is transferred from one body to another, when there is
between them a difference of temperature. The heat causes the fuel gases or vapors
be detached enough to make them combust.
d. Chain Reaction
The Combustion is a phenomenon that takes place in chain, which once started is
maintained by the heat produced during the reaction. In this phenomenon unstable
free radicals are produced and these in turn transmit energy generated by chemical
reaction, which turns into heat energy.
The chain reaction provides self-sustentation of burning.
Notable points of Combustion
According to the temperature applied to each material, divided them into three steps:
a) Flash Point - Temperature "T1" in which the fuel begins to give off vapors
which in contact with an ignition source produces a glimmer (flash), that was
not in the ideal ratio, transforming this concentration of vapors insufficient to
maintain the burning;
b) Combustion point - temperature "T2" in which the fuel gives off vapor in the
ideal relationship, in the presence of an ignition source with concentration O2
greater than 12% by volume, that causes the combustion complete;
c) Auto ignition point - temperature "T3" in which the fuel without the presence
of an ignition source, but with the presence of O2 at concentrations greater
than 12% in volume, causes complete combustion.
T3
T2
T1
6
1.1.2 Flammability Limit (LFL and LSI) or Explosive Limit (LEL and LSE)
For that gases or vapors form a flammable mixture with air combustion is necessary
to take a minimum concentration of gases or vapors.
Figure 3: Flammable Mixture
NOTES:
a) The range between these two limits is called the flammable range or
explosive;
b) The burning only occurs when the mixture of air gases or vapors are in ideal
proportions.
Table 2: Characteristics of some substances
CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME SUBSTANCES

SUBSTANCES FLASH POINT COMBUSTION FLAMMABILITY LIMIT
ºC POINT (%VOLUME IN AIR)
ºC BOTTOM TOP
Acetone -17 465 2,6 12,8
Acetylene Gas 305 2,5 80
Ammonia Gas 651 16 25
Benzene 11 560 1,3 7,1
Butane Gas 405 1,9 8,5
Ethane Gas 515 3,0 12,5
Gasoline -43 280 1,4 7,6
H2S Gas 260 4,3 4,6
Methane Gas 528 5,0 15
Naphtha -17 288 1,1 5,9
Propane Gas 466 2,2 9,5
7
1.2 COMBUSTION PHENOMENON
The Combustion provokes modifications of the physical and chemical aspects of the
bodies, and has as a result a mixture of highly heated gases, which vary according to
their chemical composition: water vapor, CO, CO2, etc. These aspects were called
phenomena of combustion and highlight some of the main:
a) Pressure
Occurs when combustion takes place in confined compartments, resulting in the

production of gases at high temperature, as a consequence, will result in
increased pressure. The leakage of these gases can cause severe burns or even
an explosion with the breaking of the walls or bulkheads.
b) Explosion
There are combustibles which, in high speed of burn and massive production of
gas, when ignited in a confined compartment, due to the speed with which the
gases expand, generate the phenomenon of the explosion. Example: gunpowder,
nitroglycerin, etc.
c) Roolover
This phenomenon usually occurs in the initial phase of a fire that develops in a
confined compartment. The combustion gases not burned in the fire be mix with
air and ignite the top of the compartment due to high temperature in that area.
d) Flash over
Like the "Roolover", this phenomenon occurs during the initial phase of
development of a fire, usually when the temperature in the upper layer of smoke
reaches the temperature of 600 ° C (1,100 º F).
The main feature of this phenomenon is the sudden spread of flames to any
combustible material in the compartment, and practically impossible for the survival
of people who do not leave the place.
8
Figure 4: Fire
1.3 PRINCIPLES OF FIRE PREVENTION ON BOARD
Fires and explosions may be the major potential risks on ships and platforms, since
that it can destroy facilities, equipment, and in extreme cases cause the loss of ships
and platforms.
The Fire Fighting in the offshore area is difficult and can be a challenge at high risk
for fire brigades, since its components are not full-time firefighters. With good
systems for fire prevention, training and exercises, these risks and difficulties can be
greatly reduced and almost eliminated.
To prevent fires, it must:
• Have the ability to recognize fire risks and act to eliminate them;
• Smoke only in secure areas;
• Make proper maintenance of facilities;
• Leave routes of leaks free;
• Keep fire doors closed;
• Close well and separate flammable liquids;
• Make sure that the correct fire extinguishers are in their respective areas, like
indicated for the different materials types;
• Make emergency response training and know how to use the equipment is
essential for the safety of personnel.
9
REMEMBER
THE WORSE ACCIDENT THAT CAN HAPPEN IS THE
ONE THAT WE AREN’T PREPARARED
Sources of Ignition
The sources of heat can be:
• Electrical: electrical equipment (short circuits and arcing), emended cables ,

overhead, etc.;
• Mechanic: grinding, friction, heat engines, etc;
• Chemistry: exothermic chemical reactions.
IN THE OFFSHORE ACTIVITY, THE SOURCES OF

IGNITION, NORMALLY SHALL BE MONITORED BY A
WORK PERMISSION SYSTEM. (PT).
1.4 SPREAD OF FIRE - CAUSES AND METHODS OF PROPAGATION
The main cause of fire propagation is the lack of prevention. So some simple cares
are so fundamentals, like do not store rags, to pay attention to the preventive
maintenance and keep the rigs with insulated thermic.
The heat spreads through three distinct ways:
10
a) Conduction;
b) Irradiation;
c) Convection.
• Conduction
Heat transfer is made from one body to another continuously. This transfer is done
molecule by molecule without transport of matter.
Figure 5: Propagation by conduction
• Irradiation
It is the form of transfer of heat through the calorific waves, that passes through the
air, irradiated from the body burning.
The heat is conducted without the need for molecular continuity between the heat
source and the body receives.
Figure 6: Propagation by irradiation
• Convection
It consists of the displacement of thermal energy from one region to another via the
transport of the matter.
11
Figure 7: Propagation convection
• Propagation of fires on ships and platforms
The spread of fires on board ships and platforms takes place as follows:
Figure 8: Methods of propagation
1.5 PREVENTIVE METHODS OF FIRE FIGHTING
1.5.1 Techniques for fire prevention
For that combustion happen, is essential the presence of three elements of the fire
triangle: fuel, oxidizer and activation energy. In the absence of these elements,
does not exist the fire.
In industrial environments, such as aboard of an platform, FPSO, FSO and a drill

ship or that have combustible materials (clothing, wood, paper, gasoline, grease, oil,
etc..), Oxidizing (burning present in atmospheric air), sources of heat (welding and
hot cutting, cigarettes, matches, light bulbs, steam pipes, welding, etc.).
12
Prevention consists of avoiding these three elements are combined under the right
conditions to enable the ignition.
Therefore, it is important to know the main causes of fires and the characteristics of
processes and materials used on the premises to be protected.
According to statistics of the "National Fire Protection Association review" (NFPA),

U.S. entity that carries out studies in this area, the most common sources of fire are:
• Electricity including static electricity = 21%;
• Attrition= 14%;
• Sparks = 12%;
• Spontaneous ignition = 8%;
• Cigarettes and matches = 8%;
• Surfaces heated = 7%;
• Flames = 5%;
• Welding and Cutting = 4%.
After the knowledge of the causes of fire originate certain practices as recommended
for increased worker safety and facilities. For instance:
a) Storage of material
It is a common in a platform handling and working with flammable materials.
Examples: painting oxy-acetylene cutting, solvents, chemicals, etc. Some simple,

practical steps can prevent the occurrence of fire:
• Always keep, if possible, the flammable substance away from sources of heat
and oxidizing, as in welding operations and oxy-cutting. The welding
operations are much safer if the ampoules of acetylene are separated or
isolated from ampoules of oxygen. The storage in separate locations
contributes greatly to increase security;
• Always keep in the workplace, the minimum amount of flammable for use,
such as, for example, painting operations, in which the solvent must be stored
only enough for a day's work;
• Have a deposit with a good ventilation for the storage of flammable and
farthest from the work area of operations;
13
• Prohibit smoking in areas where are flammable or combustible storage. One

should not forget that every smoker is a potential arsonist. (He leads one of
the essential elements of fire: the heat.) A lit cigarette butt can cause a fire of
serious proportions.
b) Proper maintenance
In addition to concern with fuel and the oxidizer is necessary to know how you can
avoid the presence of the third essential element of fire: the activation energy. How to
prevent your action?
1. Electrical installations in poor conditions
Bare or exposed wires can cause short circuits, which are the origin of fires; if
they meet favorable conditions for the formation of flames.
2. Electrical installations designed with shoddy
It can cause heating in the wire and may be a source of fire. The overload
electrical circuits can and should be avoided.
3. Floors anti sparking
In places where there is stock of flammable liquids or gases, should has anti
sparking floors, because a simple screw in the shoe can cause a fire.
4. Mechanical Installation
Lack of maintenance and lubrication of mechanical equipment can cause heating

by friction in moving parts, creating a dangerous source of heat.
c) Order of Cleaning
The corridors with paper and rags soiled with oil and grease on the floor, are places
where fire can start and spreads quickly, being more difficult to extinction. This is
extremely important in the case of stairs, because the consequences can be severe.
1.6 PATROL SYSTEM AND SURVEILLANCE
People from ships and offshore platforms are exposed to dangers and risks and,
therefore, is necessary constant vigilance on a daily basis, aimed at avoiding
unwanted accident involving fire on board.
The daily inspections are used to search for possible irregularities that must be
corrected immediately.
14
The measures below should also be followed as a precaution:
• Periodic Training for professional capacitation;
• Basic training of offshore safety and internal exercises by emergency drills;
• Installation of fire detection and alarms throughout the unit;
• Inspections in the workplace, to correct equipment failures that may contribute

to the occurrence of fire (leaks, improper storage of products not meeting the
safety standards, etc.).
The goal of these measures is to make all workers have responsibility to

reduce risks and avoid possible fires.
1.7 DETECTION SYSTEM OF FIRE OR SMOKE, ALARM AUTOMATIC ON

BOARD
Detection and Alarm Systems
These are systems designed for the automatic detection of the presence of fires.
Fire Detectors can be of four types, as the phenomenon that they detect:
• Thermic - which is sensitive to increases of temperature;
• Smoke - product that is sensitive to fuel suspended in the atmosphere;
• Gas - which is sensitive to gaseous products of combustion;
• In flames - this responds to radiation emitted by flames.
Manual operator - which is the piece of equipment designed to trigger the detection
system;
Central control - through which the system is electrically powered and is responsible
for receiving and transmitting signals from the detectors to the alarm system;
Audible alarm and / or Visual - whose function is to raise the alarm of fire, for
manual control of the operator;
Power Supply - whose purpose is to ensure the functioning of the system under any
circumstances.
15
1.8 ACTIONS WHEN DETECT SMOKE ON BOARD
When faced with a fire should take the following actions:
• Locate the fire cause and determine its extent;
• Identify the class of fire;
• Inform the control room (Intercom) (What? And Where?);
• Turn off-site electrical circuit ignited;
• Provide equipment for combat;
• Prevent the spread to peripheral compartments;
• Stop the ventilation for the fire area;
• Promote the removal of smoke from the fire site.
When you see fire or smoke remain calm, to

quickly assess the situation and communicate with
the Control Center.
16
CHAPTER 2 - FIRE FIGHTING
2.1 FIRE CLASSIFICATION
To facilitate the selection of the best methods to fight every kind of fire, they are
usually divided into four main classes, namely:
• Class “A”
Are those that occur in solid or fibrous materials that form coals and leaves
residues after burning.
• Class “B”
Are those that occur in liquid fuels, grease and flammable gases.
• Class “C”
Are those that occur in electrical equipment and installations after energized.
• Class “D”
Are those that occur in pyrophoric metal such as sodium, titanium, potassium and
magnesium.
The first two classes, "A" and "B", are characterized by how they burn.
The fire class type "A" leaves how waste ash and embers, burning surface and
depth, whereas those of class "B" burned on the surface, leaving no residue.
For the third class "C", the relevant factor is the risk of death to the operator when
performing the work of extinction, as many of the main fire extinguishing agents are
good conductors of electricity.
The class "D" because of the characteristics of metals in combustion requires the use
of special extinguishing agents, as well as special methods of application of these
agents.
17
Main Classes of Fires
Figure 9: Main classes of fires
2.2 FIRE FIGHTING METHODS
The fire in its beginning, it is very easy to control and extinguish. The faster the attack
on the flames, greater are the possibilities to reduce and eliminate them.
The actions to extinguish the fire are aimed at undoing or breaking the fire
tetrahedron.
So we have basically four methods of extinguishing fires:
• Cooling
It is the oldest method of extinguishing fires, and its universal agent the water. Is to
reduce the temperature of the burned bodies, below the ignition temperature or the
region where the gases are concentrated extinguishing the fire.
• Smothering
This method consists in reducing the amount of oxygen to below the limit of 6% in the
atmosphere surrounding the fire.
• Isolation
It is the simplest method according to its realization, because in the most part, it runs
only with the use of physical force, requiring no special equipment.
Their efficiency is more to control a fire that extinction itself. Sometimes, simply by
closing a valve or cleaning an area, we can tackle a fire.
18
• Break of the Chain Reaction
Occurs from the introduction of certain substances in the chemical reaction of the
combustion in order to inhibit it. In this case, no cooling, only a favorable condition is
created by an agent that acts at the molecular level, so that the fuel and oxidizer are
lost or diminished ability to maintain the chain reaction.
2.3 EXTINGUISHERS AGENTS
Extinguishing agent is anything that is or can be used in firefighting. The main

extinguishing agents are:
• Water
It is the oldest extinguishing agent and because of its abundance is the most widely
used par excellence. Used in fire class "A", can be used in class "B". It is used in
liquid form, the basic kinds of straight stream and spray mist. In its gaseous state
(steam) is used to fight fires in confined spaces. Mainly extinguished by cooling and
secondarily by smothering.
Figure 10: Water
• Foam
The foam is an agent for extinguishing Class "B", especially the large figure.
Depending on the method of production there are two basic types of foam: the
chemistry and mechanics.
The former is more commonly found in portable fire extinguishers, although it can
also be generated in fixed installations. Result from the reaction between solutions
for the production of a chemical foaming agent. It is the only extinguishing agent that
floats on flammable fuels. In an open environment, isolating the fuel remains for
extended periods. For previous features, is the only extinguishing agent capable of
extinguishing Class B fires in large open areas.
19
• Powder Agents
Are chemical compounds that vary in composition according to your job. Agents with
base of sodium bicarbonate, known as "powder" were developed to extinguish liquid
fires and electrical equipment. There are also agents called "special dry powder,"
which were developed especially for white metal fires (Class "D") and extinguished
primarily by smothering.
Figure 11: Dry chemical
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
It is an inert gas heavier than air, colorless, odorless and nonconductive. It is

indicated for the fires of class "B" and "C", extinguishing by smothering primarily and
secondarily by cooling.
Figure 12: Carbon Dioxide
• HALON:
Extinguishing agent of chemical compounds formed by halogens elements (fluorine,

chlorine, bromine and iodine). The use of Halon gas is prohibited, therefore; seriously
affect the ozone layer of our planet, because CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) is part of its
chemical composition.
20
2.4 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
The equipment is intended for firefighting principles. Portable fire extinguishers are
marked with symbols and letters, as the class of fire against which should be used.
Types of Portable Fire Extinguishers
The main fire extinguishers in use are:
• Pressurized Water;
• CO2;
• Agents in dry powder;
• Foam.
Pressurized Water Extinguisher:
Are fire extinguishers which use water as the extinguishing agent. They are of two
types, namely: pressure in the cylinder and bulb propellant, both use compressed air
as a propellant or nitrogen.
Used in fire of class “A”
Figure 13: Pressurized water extinguisher (AP)
• CO² extinguisher
Are fire extinguishers that are using CO2 as the extinguishing agent. They are
recommended for fires of class "B" and "C" may not be used on fires of class "D".
21
Used in fire class of “B” e “C”;
Figure 14: CO ² extinguisher
Dry chemical extinguishers
• Dry chemical extinguishers are recommended for fires of classes "B" and "C"
cannot be used in class "D".
Dry chemical extinguishers may be:
I. vial with CO2
Used in fire class “B” e “C” –

Cannot be used in fire class “D”
Figure 15: Extinguishing powder with vial
II. With pressure in the cylinder - uses nitrogen as a propellant.
Figure 16: Extinguishing powder with cylinder pressure

22
Dry chemical extinguishers when used in unventilated

areas, reduces visibility and can suffocate the operator.
III. Dry powder extinguishers special
They are used in fire class "D", according to special techniques and manufacturers'
recommendations. The agent and method of application depend on the type and
quality of the metal.
Used in fire class “D”
Figure 17: dry powder extinguisher
IV. Extinguisher of Halon
Figure 18: Extinguisher of Halon
23
2.4.1 Components of fire extinguishers
Figure 19: Components of fire extinguishers
2.4.2 Use of fire extinguishers
a) Water, CO2 and PQS
Note the wind direction and attack the fire, directing the jet to the bottom of it. With
the exception of unit water extinguisher for Class B fire.
Figure 20: Method for use of the extinguisher
24
b) Fire extinguisher of foam
Do not forget to observe the wind direction. Direct the jet of foam to a boundary, not
directly to the fire. If there is no bulkhead near the focus, point the jet in the air and
drop on the focus.
2.5. WATER LIKE EXTINGUISHER AGENT
Water is the most common extinguishing agents. Age by cooling and smothering, is
effective on Class A fires, in the form of solid stream or fog. It is also shown effective
in Class B fires, with his jet in the form of fog.
Contraindications:
• For the reason of being good conductor of electricity should not be used in
class C;
• Because violent reacts with metals fuels should not be used in class D.
2.5.1 Physical and Chemical Properties of the Water
• In the transition from liquid to gas, there is an increase in the volumetric

proportion of 1m in the H2O to 1700m ³ in the vapor.
Figure 21: Increase in volume
• Water has an excellent chemical stability, however it can be decomposed by

the action of electric current, and temperatures above 1200 ° C, producing the
dangerous fuel hydrogen gas and oxygen oxidizer.
Equipment that use water to fire-fighting
Much of the firefighting equipment is designed for the use of water and foam.
However, some due to their employment characteristics, use only water as the
extinguishing agent for specific purposes. Among, them we have:
25
• Pumps and Fire Network
The network of fire consists of a system of pipes that feed water plugs and sprinkler
system, by pumps that constantly keep it pressurized.
The pressure of the main fire is about 150 pounds//pol², and is required, a minimum
pressure of 70 pounds/pol² in the terminal of hoses for operation of almost all
equipment that produce foam.
Figure 22: Fire pump
• Sockets of fire
The sockets of fire are devices positioned on the network to capture water for the
firefighting and on board are installed in the piping or the ends of the leads vertical.
Figure 23: Socket of fire
26
On platforms and ships the socket of fire are positioned so

that any point can be achieved with a maximum of two
sections of hose.
• Hoses and Reductions
"Today we found on board of ships and platforms, fire hoses in diameters from 1 ½ to
2 ½".
Each section is about 15.25 m (50 ft) long and its ends are fitted with connections of
quick hitch type.
Figure 24: Hose and Connection
• Hose furl (“Aduchamento”)
Aiming your job well done, the hoses are properly packed and rolled into "Fire
boxes" located near the sockets of fire. The procedure to roll up the hoses to
facilitate their use, called ADUCHAR. The hoses can be furled in the following ways:
27
Figure 25: Hose rolled
I – “Aduchada” Furled on the middle – Center Rolled (Navy method)
Figure 26: Navy Method
II - “Aduchada” Furled on the extreme – Dutch Rolled (German Method)
Figure 27: German Method
28
III – “Aduchada” Furled layered - Flaked Method (Zig zag)
Figure 28: Zig Zag Method
Note: There are other methods of furl (“aduchamento”), and because they are not
used on ships and platforms we will not mention them.
Basic care with hoses:
• Never press them with heavy equipment;
• Cleaning them after use;
• Store it in an appropriate place;
• Store it in a dry and clean;
• Do not drag it across the floor;
• Dry them before storing;
• The connections should not be tossed or thrown to the ground.
Splitter or Deriving
Metal device equipped with an inlet mouth 2 ½ two or three mouths of discharge with
1 ½, registration and all together provided by Storz.
29
Figure 29: Splitter Figure 30: Deriving
Nozzles
Nozzle is the term applied to the component mounted on the outlet of hose. The
nozzles have several details which, depending on the manufacturer, differ from each
other. The main differences concern the existence or not of the wrist. All have the
same principle: the diffuser has a movement of approach and separation from the
nozzle by rotating a threaded connection at the exit end.
Variable Splashes
Figure 31: Variable Splashes
• Adjustment of the nozzle
The movement of the diffuser allows a variation of the form given to the jet of water in
two ways:
Full jet Mist
30º 60º 90º
Figure 32: Regulation of the nozzles

30
• Reaction of the Jet
When water is projected through a nozzle, an equal and opposite reaction force of the jet,
occurs, causing the retreat of the nozzle in the opposite direction of the jet.
The person in charge of holding the nozzle should apply enough effort to
compensate for this force.
• Ram blow
When the water flow is suddenly halted by the rapid closing of the nozzle, waves of
shock are transmitted along the length of the hose or tube. This can result in
weakening or rupture of hoses. The rapid opening of the hydrant to pressurization
also causes whipping.
Other types of nozzles:
• Squirt of foam
It consists of a metal pipe having externally a folding canvas cover and in the bottom
a small rubber tube, tube (aspirant). Internally, it has fins having in the inlet end a
joins Storz. Produces foam with the passage of water inside, with a minimum
pressure of 5kg/cm ². This passage leads to physically the drag the foaming agent
contained in gallons through the rubber tube. The mixture of water and saponin while
suffering mechanical action of the shock with the fins, cause a turbulence that turns
into mechanical foam.
Figure 33: Splash foam proportioned
• Monitor or cannon Squirt
It has much larger proportions, endowed with feet and claws for fastening, has a
system for rotary motion and direction of the jet. Used in Helideck to launch the
compact jet at large distances.
31
Figure 34: Foam Cannon
2.5.3 Respiratory Protective Equipment (RPE)
Its purpose is to prevent the user to breathe in an atmosphere immediately

dangerous to life and health (IDLH), due to oxygen deficiency or presence of toxic
gases.
Figure 35: RPE
NOTE: The RPE only can be used after a proper training about its use.
2.5.4 Control Signals
According to the situation where we could find, the use of control signals is essential
for maneuvering distance with safety.
32
Diminish the
Aumentar
Increase the a pressure
Abrir
Openawater
água pressão
pressure
Fechar a água
Close water
33
CHAPTER 3 – FIREFIGHTING ORGANIZATION
3.1 FIRE FIGHTING ON BOARD AND MASTER TABLE FUNCTIONS
Every unit has a Marine Control Room that acts 24 hours and monitors areas of the
vessel by means of sensors, push buttons alarms and video systems. Thus, in the
case of an emergency or any abnormality, the system detection locates, activates the
audible alarm and the operator from control room informs the location of the accident
for immediate action by the Local Emergency Coordinator.
Organization Chart of Response Structure
GENERAL COORDINATOR
Aides to the Environment, Industrial

Safety, Health and Communication.
Local Coordinator of the

Emergency Plan
(GEPLAT / IOM / MASTER)
Other Action Groups Fire Brigade
In the Offshore Units the action of Fire Fighting is coordinated by the Manager of
Platform (GEPLAT) or by the Commander / IOM, in the case of drill ship. It is up to
GEPLAT or Commander/the following functions:
• Centralize the information, decide and direct the actions to be taken to control
the emergency;
• Communicate the actions from the emergency control to the answer structure
in land;
• Make sure about the steps taken in order to stop the emergency operating
safely;
• Decide about the evacuation or abandonment of the Maritime Unit;

34
• Requests the necessary resources to the General Coordinator of the

Contingency Plan, which is most responsible for coordinating emergency;
• Coordinate the preparation of reports that seek to investigate the root causes
that gave rise to the emergency, to take corrective and preventive measures;
• Implement the Unit Contingency Plan for the Fire Control;
• Solicit external support, according with Contingency Plan Central, always

when the proportions of the fire indicate the need for adoption.
The emergency response involving fire aboard a ship or platform will be put in action
by the Local Coordinator, using the first crew that make up the Fire Brigade.
Table 3: Master table
FPSO “WEST”
MASTER TABLE
READ CAREFULLY
Fire Brigade
Emergency
Intermittent Alarm...:................................ Coordinator Technical of Work Safety
Personnel without specific function in toil
Leader Roustabout
when hear sounding alarms go neatly to the
Squirt Roustabout
point of meeting fully clothed with shoes,
wear a lifejacket at the point of meeting and Socket Fire Roustabout
wait for instructions. Number 1 of hose Roustabout
Abandonment Number 2 of hose Roustabout
Continuous alarm __________________
When listen the alarm of abandonment put
your lifejacket, to fulfill the function that was Crew of the Whaling
called, go to their whaling and wait for Function Holder Reserve
instructions from Coordinator. Coordinator Of. Machine Of. Machine
1
Helmsman Operator Operator
Man Overboard Co-Helmsman Operator Operator
Coordinator Of. Machine Of. Machine
1 - When you see a man overboard 2
repeatedly yell MAN OVERBOARD and Helmsman Operator Operator
do not lose him sight of. Co- Helmsman Operator Operator
2 - Lance one or more lifebuoys. Coordinator Of. Machine Of. Machine
3 - The second person that become aware 3
of the event go to an intercom and announce Helmsman Operator Operator
man overboard stating the place where he is. Co- Helmsman Operator
Coordinator Of. Machine Of. Machine
4
Severe Weather Helmsman Operator Operator
Co- Helmsman Operator
In case of inclement weather, teams should
provide the lashing of cargo on board on
deck and do the closing watertight doors. Rescue Team
Coordinator Master of Cabotage
Helmsman Mechanic
Evacuation Electrician
Cargo Handling
In case of evacuation is by ferry, the crew of Support Operator
the whaling will be responsible for launching
of it and the rescue team will be responsible
for their grouping, keeping them secure.
Rescue Team
35
3.2 FIXED SYSTEM OF FIRE FIGHTING
The FIXED SYSTEM OF FIRE FIGHTING are those whose purpose is to suppress a
fire place, in a given system or equipment, by a fixed usually automatic actuation. For
it work automatically, must require a connection to a system for automatic detection
of fire and smoke detectors or heat, for example:
Table 4: Fixed System of Fire Fighting
FIXED SYSTEMS
CO2 SYSTEMS FIRE RING DETECTION AND

ACTIONING SYSTEMS
FIRE PUMPS THERMAL
SPRINKLER SMOKE
FLOOD QUARTZ BULB
HYDRANTS PLUG FUSE
FOAM SYSTEM GAS
SHORT HOSES
Suppression Systems for Gas (CO2)
• The CO2 systems suppress fire by total flooding or local applications;
• The CO2 systems are recommended to protect areas not occupied, due to the
potential risk of suffocation;
36
• The system consists of batteries of cylinders with their valves, flexible hoses,
solenoid valves to release the agent of the cylinder through the pipe diffusers,
panels and field devices;
• The Suppression System is interconnected to control panels that monitors and

detects any unexpected discharges command.
Figure 36: Fixed Installation of CO2
Suppression Systems by Gas (FM-200)
• The FM-200 is stored in the liquid phase, minimizing the storage space and
uses as propellant the nitrogen (N2);
• It is a nonconductive agent, leaves no residue in the more sensitive

equipment;
• The discharge of suppressant agent occurs within 10 seconds after the fire
command, minimizing the risk of higher damage;
• Age by muffling and cooling physical-chemical, ie, the agent molecules when
come in contact with the flame front absorb heat, through chemical and
physical reactions, breaking down the molecular structure of the fire.
Figure 37: Suppression Systems by Gas

37
Fixed Water Systems - Network (Sprinkler)
These devices are equipped with a thermo-sensitive element, which is broken by the
action of heat from the fire, allowing the discharge of water on the environment.
The system is highly reliable and can be applied in environments where there are no
equipment that may be damaged by water. It has the following characteristics:
1) Speed of operation;
2) Possibility of extinguishing the fire in its beginning;
3) Containment of the fire in the environment where it originated, providing

viability for the extinction of the fire.
Figure 38: Sprinkler
Fixed Water Systems - Network (Flood)
System that have dry piping and extensions with open projectors. The system works
as follows: from the activation of one or more elements detection, a signal of
openness is issued to the deluge valve, allowing the passage of the extinguishing
agent through the network, which is discharged simultaneously by all projectors.
They are used to protect equipment and hazardous areas, such as:
• Heads of wells;
• Separation equipment oil / gas;
• Gas compressors;
• Pressurized tanks;
• Oil transfer pumps;
38
• Manifolds from oil and gas;
• Cellar Deck.
Figure 39: Flood System
3.3 ACTIONS OF THE FIRE BRIGADE
The Fire Brigade is a team trained to act in a fire in any part of the Maritime Unit.
After the emergency alarm, the Brigade meets at the Fire Station and under the
coordination of the Technical of Safety and/or the Leader, who equip and inform
themselves about the type of emergency. Make the approach to the location of the
accident, using and/or engaging the necessary resources to combat it efficiently and
using the training techniques as developed in simulated emergency control according
to the Contingency Plan of the Maritime Unit.
Figure 40: Fire Fighting Training
39
3.3.1 Action of the Fire Brigade in Crash on the Helideck
As provided in NORMAN-01, the occurrence of an emergency involving the aircraft in

the Helideck (CRASH) it is initially an Operation to the team of Maneuver and Fire
Fighting of Aircraft (EMCI), they will do the first fight under the coordination of ALPH.
In such cases, the Fire Brigade will be mobilized just to complement the resources
necessary to control the emergency.
When putting in action the Fire Brigade, must observe the following procedures:
• When the alarm sounds - the brigade will go to the Fire Point and wait for
guidance;
• After receiving the necessary guidelines - should go to the emergency site;
• Once you arrive at the scene - the Coordinator of the Brigade should seek
guidance from the ALPH (Launch Agent and Landing of Helicopter), about the
risks;
• When verifying the existence of victims - rescue potential victims and provide
first aid;
• After the rescue of the victims - fight fire and cool the equipment.
Figure 41: Fire drill on the Helideck
40
ANNEX OF FIXING EXERCISES
1. What is fire?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What are the classes of fire?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. Mark True or False:
F V
One man is enough to operate the hose.
The squirt is a device to control the water jet.
To keep a hose in a good condition, do not drag, do not drop and

do not pull it into alive corners.
The configuration and material of a given structure may influence

the spread of fire.
For fires in electrical equipment, should always use a water

extinguisher.
ERA is the name of the equipment used by the brigade to get

into places where there is lots of smoke.
The ERA can be placed in an area with smoke.
The Maritime Units have a Control Room 24 hour that monitors

areas of the vessel, through sensors, push buttons and alarm
system videos.
41
4. What types of extinguishers may be used in an electrical panel?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. What are the means of spread of fire?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
6. What are the responsibilities of a fire brigade?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
7. Cite the notable points of combustion:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
8. Explain the function of Sprinklers:

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
42
9. Why the extinguishing agent called Halon was banned?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
10. In the following scheme are represented two situations:
(A) (B)
(A) Transmission of heat by__________________;
(B) The ___________________ carrying the heated air, gases and smoke through
the ship.
Tick the correct words that are part of its respective lacunas:
a) Irradiation and Driving;
b) Driving and direct contact;
c) Direct contact and convection;
d) Radiation and Convection.
43
IMPORTANT:
"More important than knowing how to extinguish

the fire, is to have knowledge of how it can be
prevented, prevention is still the best solution!"
The large fires often start in small proportions. "A

good system of detection, risk assessment and
skilled people can make the workplace safer."
Luciano Barros
44
COURSE OVERVIEW
customers.
The course meets the requirements of NORMAM-24/DPC. And this manual is

applied to training the professionals in order to empower them to identify and make
an evaluation about doctor emergency scenes; developing and using basic technics
and procedures of rescue, to secure an advance in first aid for a victim, verifying the
problems, ordering the seriousness of injuries, and conducting the victim, so quickly
as is possible to the health professionals.
Welcome!

Company Details For Booking and Enquiries
CHAPTER 1 – FIRST AID INTRODUCTION
1.1 BASIC RULES FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
First aid is the immediate attention given to a person whose physical condition
endangers his life, in order to maintain its vital functions and prevent worsening of
their condition, until it receives quality care (physician, paramedic or nurse).
1.1.1 Skills from the rescuer
The rescuer shall have skill and ability to accurately identify and assess what should
be done with good sense and efficiency.
1.1.2 Important Notes
• Remain calm;
• Assess the scene seeking the presence of risk situations in order to preserve
its security and staff, including passers-by;
• Request support;
• Observe the safety and biosecurity, these are items considered of paramount
importance in the manipulation of the patient;
• Check the number of victims.
1.2 HOW TO PUT IN ACTION THE ALARM OR COMMUNICATE AN EMERGENCY

SITUATION
A small emergency can be transformed in a situation out of control. Detected the

emergency, the appropriate initial attitude can make the difference between life and
death.
How to do? Use:
• Telephone;
• Emergency button (in case of fire);
• Intercom;
• Shouts.
All duties reserved: No part from this document can be reproduced, stored or introduced in a recuperation system, or other way transmitted, by
means (electronics, mechanical, photocopy, record or other) or purpose, without write permission from West Group.
5
Emergencies that may occur in a platform such as:
• Fire;
• Explosion;
• Bad weather;
• Leak of gases;
• Collision;
• Aircraft fall;
• Man overboard;
• Alarms.
1.2.1 Emergency Alarms
The emergency alarms are put in action on board to indicate some kind of
emergency. These alarms can be put in action by the general alarm and are listened
inside the whole unit.
In case of abandonment, the instructions are given verbally by the master, through
the speaker system, followed by continuous ringing of the bell.
1.2.2 Emergency Procedure
When in his cabin, get Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and his life jacket and
helmet and directs yourself to your meeting point. Outside the cabin, stop the service
immediately, make your workplace safe (turning off equipment) and go to your
meeting point. Depending on the unit, the life jackets can be in cabins or on the deck
near the whaleboat.
1.3 TECHNICALS OF RESCUE AND TRANSPORTATION
In case of accidents with victims that need remotion, there are two ways of transport
for an offshore unit: by vessel or aircraft.
6
Figure 1: Rescue by boat Figure 2: Rescue by air
The rescue of victims will be defined by the feature that can give a better and faster
answer.
1.3.1 Transport of the victim
Removing the victim from the crash site is a task that requires that the person
providing first aid the UTMOST CARE and CORRECT PERFORMANCE.
For the victim transport can use the means normally employed - litter or stretcher,
ambulance, helicopter or RESOURCES IMPROVISED.
• Help from the crew;
• Litter (Offshore, long board e rigid, STR);
• Helicopter;
• Vessel;
• Ambulance.
1.3.2 Bearing
Two types of bearing are used: 90° e 180°
a) Bearing of 90°
Indicated for victim supine (face up):
• One rescuer stabilizes the patient's head by behind (leader);
7
• After the command of the leader rescuer, rolling the victim in block, position it
in the supine position on the board;
• Fix the trunk and extremities with belts;
• Apply and set the victim's head with the side immobilizer.
Figure 3: Bearing in 90º
b) Bearing in 180°
Indicated for victims found in frontal decubitus (face down).
Procedures for conducting
After performing the bearing in 90 or 180 degrees to place the victim on a stretcher,
you should:
• Each of the loaders stays along one of the four handles of the stretcher;
• Each loader crouches and secure the handle firmly, when given the order all
rise at the same time, keeping the litter level;
• In a second order, the loaders comes out with the boot that is closer to the
stretcher giving short steps;
• To rest the victim, the chargers stops obeying a command, then after another
command, they crouch and lower litter until it land softly on the ground.
8
Figure 4: Bearing in 180º
1.3.3 Transportation of victims without equipment
Figure 5: Position 1 Figure 6: Position 2
Unconscious victim
How to raise the victim off the floor without assistance of another person:
Figure 7: Position 1
9
Figure 8: Position 2 Figure 9: Position 3 Figure 10: Position 4 Figure 11: Position 5
• How to raise the victim off the ground with the help of one or more persons:
Figure 12: Position 1-2
Conscious or unconscious victim
• How to remove the victim, using a blanket or similar material.
10
• How to remove accident victims with suspected of fractures on the spine and
pelvis: Use a hard surface - door or board (stretcher).
Ask for help from at least five people to transfer the injured person from the site
where were found to the litter.
Move the victim AS A BLOCK, that is, moving throughout the body while avoiding
moving separately from the head, neck, trunk, arms and legs.
• How to remove victim without suspected of fracture the spine or pelvis in the
supine position;
• Use as makeshift stretchers, doors, blankets, ropes, clothing, etc.
Note:
• Take precautions against the emergence of irreparable damage to the victim,

moving it as little as possible;
• Request, whenever possible, the assistance of a doctor in the removal of

grievous victims;
• Do not stop under any circumstances the rescue breathing and CPR.
11
1.3.4 Search and rescue through Rescue Boat
Whatever the rescue boat is necessary for the crew, be alert and prepared to perform
the rescue. The following actions are important:
• Conduct effective communication with the vessel by radio;
• Disembark separately each member of the crew while maintaining calm and
order;
• Use the PPE required at the time of transfer, especially the lifejacket.
Important notes:
Always keep your back straight before raising a weight;
• Bend your knees;
• Position yourself squatting to lift a victim of the soil;
• Stay close to the victim;
• If you are two, always move together with the other.
1.4. MEDICAL ASSISTANCE IN UNIT IN OFFSHORE AND NEARNESS
Each unit has the professionals responsible for health care for the crew, nursing
technicians, nurses, doctors and rescue teams.
Medical Assistance:
• Navy: Maritime Service of Search and Rescue and Aero-Medical Evacuation;
• Units in the vicinity of the accident: units able to provide rapid assistance in
emergency situations (support vessels);
• Company' base (Health Plan).
12
Figure 19: Maritime Platform - Medical assistance
1.5 THE IMPORTANCE OF PERSONAL HYGIENE AND HEALTH ON BOARD
1.5.1 Routine of hygiene
It is a set of habits of cleanliness and neatness that we take to care of our bodies.
These habits must be present in our daily lives, because ultimately influence the
social relationship, and standards of living should be used in an individual character,
such as:
• Keep clothes clean;
• Brush and use floss the teeth;
• Scrub up well during the bath;
• Wash the hair;
• Wash the hands before meals and before and after using the toilet;
• Nails trimmed;
• Use an antiseptic;
• Wash and dry contact areas like the groin, armpits, between your fingers and
ears.
13
Figure 20: Toothpaste, toothbrush, dental floss and tongue cleaner
1.5.2 Physical and mental health
During the leisure, it is necessary to sleep in order to maintain the body rested during
working hours, play sports or exercise, reading, playing games for entertainment and
social life to balance the physical and mental health.
Figure 21: Physical and mental health = have a good sleep, do the control pressure, and to have entertainment
1.5.3 Routine of cleaning the environment and infection control
Infection is the entry of micro-organisms in the human body and its multiplication
causing an immune response. It is possible to prevent and control infections keeping
hygiene habits, waste sorting, washing food before consumption, maintaining a clean
and airy, washing their hands when needed, no throwing objects into the toilet, and
avoiding from clogging water filtration.
Figure 22: Do not throw objects on the toilet
14
Figure 23: Selective Collection Figure 24: Filter
15
CHAPTER 2 - THE HUMAN BODY
2.1 STRUCTURE OF BONE AND MUSCLE
The structure bone and muscle is formed by the musculoskeletal system. This
system consists of bones, muscles and joints. The skeleton serves several important
functions: support, drive, protection, and modeling.
Figure 25: Muscular system
2.1.1 Bones
Bones are forms of tissue, hardened by the decomposition of calcium. About 206
bones of varying sizes make up the human skeleton.
We can cite as examples, skull, spine, sternum, clavicle, pelvic bone (hip bone),
upper limbs (humerus, radius, ulna) and lower limbs (femur, tibia, fibula).
Figure 26: Human Skeleton
16
2.1.2 Muscle
Muscles are active tissues of the movement. They have the ability to contract and
relax, therefore, transmit movement to the bones on which they operate. The
muscles have a large variety of size and shape according to your disposal, place of
origin and insertion. There are about 600 muscles in the human body.
Figure 27: Human musculature
2.1.3 Joints
The function of the joints is to reduce friction and cushion the shock by promoting the
movement. To further reduce friction, the entire joint is surrounded by a sturdy bag of
a special fabric that produces synovial fluid which acts like oil, lubricating the joints.
Figure 28: Joints.
17
2.2 MAIN ORGANS AND FUNCTIONS
Groups of cells can form different tissues, and these, in turn, form different organs
that interact to perform a determinate function in the body.
• Encephalon: is the main organ of our body, composed of the brain,

encephalic system and bulb. It is responsible for all biological functions of our
body;
• Heart: hollow muscular organ that has the function of a contractile pump of
driving allowing blood to circulate throughout the body;
• Lungs: an organ from respiratory system which have functions variables,

however, the most important one is to perform hematosis (gas exchange);
• Kidneys: are responsible for blood filtration. Place where the substances that
are considered toxic to the human body are removed.
2.3 SYSTEMS
2.3.1 Circulatory System
It is a closed system that has the function to cause the blood to circulate throughout
the body. It comprises the heart, blood vessels and blood, who is busy on the fluid
pressure.
Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to provide subsidies for the body and also collects
the excrement of metabolism.
Figure 29: Heart Figure 30: Cells of hemoglobin
18
Figure 31: Veins and Arteries
2.3.2 Respiratory System
The respiratory system consists of the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. In the lungs, red blood cells discharging its carbon
dioxide in the air and inspire its new load of oxygen. The process is called hematosis.
Figure 32: Respiratory System
19
Figure 33: Respiratory System
The diaphragm is the muscle responsible for movements of breathing: inspiration and
expiration.
Figure 34: Human Diaphragm
20
Figure 35: Expiration and Inspiration
Respiration is the function by which the living cells of the body take oxygen (O2) and
eliminate carbon dioxide (CO2).
It is a gas exchange (O2 and CO2) between the air from the atmosphere and the
organism.
Figure 36: gas exchange between alveoli and capillary vase
2.3.3 Digestive System
The human digestive system consists of a long muscular tube, which are associated
organs and glands that participate in digestion, in order to transform the food eaten in
very small particles so that they are absorbed. The system has as main components:
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus.
21
.
Figure 37: Digestive System
2.3.4 Urinary System
The urinary system participates in the maintenance of the body through the
elimination of metabolic waste, like water and other substances through the urine.
The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder and a urethra.
Urine is composed of approximately 95% water. The main excrements from human
urine are urea, sodium chloride and uric acid.
Figure 38: Urinary System
22
CHAPTER 3 - FIRST AID PROCEDURES
3.1 BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
These procedures are made to maintain the minimum conditions of a victim, in order
to have a chance of survival after a traumatic event, which brings direct risks to his
life.
3.1.1 Measures to be taken prior to approach the victim:
• Engage specialist support;
• Evaluate the place to identify possible risks;
• Isolate or signalize the area to facilitate the work of first responders;
• Provide individual protection to the staff in order to avoid contamination.
3.1.2 Evaluation of the victim:
• Victim not responsive;
• No breathing or abnormal breathing.
Basic life support (BLS):
• Compression;
• Open airway;
• Good ventilation.
23
No breathing or abnormal
breathing
B
A
S
Engage specialist I
support Get a defibrillator
C
L
I
Start the F
RCP E
Compress S
with: U
Strength and Check the speed / shock P
Speed if indicated
Repeat every 2 minutes O
R
T
OBS.: The primary examination should not be interrupted except in case of airway
obstruction or use DESA / DEA.
3.1.3 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
• Cardiac arrest
It is the sudden cessation of the heartbeat or when the heart muscle, in

extreme weakness, distends with difficulty to demand the amount of blood in
circulation.
24
• Signs and symptoms
− The person becomes very pale, with discolored lips, due to not being
his blood circulating and your breath be low or even undetectable;
− The breath cannot be seen thus as, heartbeat and pulse in the arteries
as the carotid, femoral or radial, are imperceptible;
− The pupil is dilated and the person cannot blink the eyes.
• First aid
− Check absence of reply;
− Place the victim in a supine position on a flat and rigid;
− Be aware of a possibility of a trauma to the neck;
− Start the RCP.
Observation: It is determined that the maneuvers of CPR (Cardiopulmonary

Resuscitation) should be performed with chest compressions.
• External compression - 5 cm;
• Compress 100/min;
• Untrained lay rescuers in CPR should apply only CPR with chest
compressions;
• Lay rescuers trained in CPR, can apply rescue breaths, the ratio should be 30
compressions and 2 breaths.
Stop RCP:
• Medical order or interference of the advanced succor;
• If there is any sign of life.
• Extreme physical exhaustion
Stop:
• When you need to open the airway;
• To use the AEDs (Semi-automatic External Defibrillator) or AED (Automated

External Defibrillator).
25
Figure 39: Location of Point Figure 40: Cardiac Massage
Figure 41: Positioning of Cardiac Massage
Figure 42: Air Bag (Ambu) Figure 43: Pocket Mask
26
3.2 STATE OF SHOCK
It is the clinical condition that results from the inability of the cardiovascular system to
provide sufficient circulation to the organs. The arrival of blood rich in O2 to the
organs is called PERFUSION.
• Causes:
− Hemorrhage and / or severe fractures;
− Severe burns;
− Smashing or amputation;
− Prolonged exposure to extreme cold or heat;
− Accident by electric shock;
− Extensive or severe injuries;
− CPA (cardiopulmonary arrest);
− Serious infections;
− Food intoxication or poisoning.
• Signs and symptoms of shock:
− Pallor;
− Sweating;
− Tachycardia;
− Tachypnea;
− Cyanosis;
− Rapid pulse and thin (weak);
− Low blood pressure;
− Headquarters;
− Dizziness;
− Loss of consciousness.
27
3.2.1 Conduct of the rescuer:
In an emergency we must take the following actions:
1. Position the patient supine with legs elevated (in the absence of fractures), to
increase the effective blood volume and venous return;
2. Check if the upper airways are patent and administer the oxygen, if necessary;
3. In the presence of hemorrhage, use techniques to control bleeding;
4. Do not give liquids, food or medicament;
5. Reduce heat loss with blankets;
6. Constant reevaluation.
3.3 HEMORRHAGE
3.3.1 Concept
Hemorrhage is a loss of blood due to rupture of blood vessels. Bleeding may be

internal or external, implying different attitudes on the part of the rescuer.
• Signs and symptoms of internal bleeding:
− Weak pulse;
− Cold and clammy skin;
− Cold sweat and abundant;
− Intense pallor;
− Headquarters;
− Dizziness;
− Loss of consciousness;
− Tachycardia;
− Cyanosis.
28
• First aid for Internal Hemorrhage:
− Keep the victim calm;
− Keep the victim lying;
− Remove the victim to the hospital;
− If no suspicion of spinal cord injury or lower limbs, elevate the victim's legs
at an angle of 45 °.
Figure 44: First Aid - Internal Hemorrhage
• First aid for an external bleeding:
− Keep the victim lying;
− Direct compression;
− Apply bandages and gauze with light pressure;
− Do not remove bandages blood-soaked (apply a new one on the top);
− Try to keep the place that bleeds into a higher plane than the heart.
29
Figure 45: Bleeding
Note: During a bleeding should not be given water to the individual.
3.3.2 Tourniquet
They are used only to control bleeding in cases where the victim had a leg or an arm
amputated, and where standard procedures have failed to stagnation.
Figure 46: Tourniquet
3.3.3 Application of tourniquet
Follow these steps:
1. Involve the application site with a bandage for protection;
2. The tourniquet should be done with a band with of at least 3 cm wide. If you
have not, use a tie, a wide belt, a folded handkerchief or cloth strips torn from
a shirt. Never use string, rope, wire or any material that might offend the blood
vessels, muscles or nerves;
30
3. Keep the injured limb in elevation if possible and then wrap it with bandage or
clean cloth that will serve as a tourniquet on the bandage protection. Tie a
knot joining the two ends, place a rigid material on this node;
4. Turn the hard material quickly in order to get progressively tightening the cloth
and as a result, the member itself;
5. Once the bleeding stops also stop turning the band and fixed it. To fixed it, just
pick up the two ends of the bandage or clean cloth that are left over above the
node, move each one by the side of the stick and tie them on the other side of
the member, thereby preventing the material rotate counterclockwise and
loose the grip;
6. Never tighten the tourniquet further than necessary to stanch the bleeding;
7. It should be loose every five minutes.
3.3.4 Traumatic amputation
Are lesions in which there is separation of a member or a structure protruding from

the body, can be caused by sharp objects, crushing or forces of tensile.
Figure 47: Traumatic Amputation
• Care:
− Cleaning, without liquid immersion;
− Wrap it in sterile gauze or clean bandage;
− Protecting the amputated limb with two sealed plastic bags.
− Place the bag in a Styrofoam container with ice or cold water;

31
− Never put the amputated segment in direct contact with ice.
3.4 BURNS
Burns are injuries produced by several causes:
Thermal burns: fire, steam, superheated liquids (oil, boiling water, fluids, etc), ice.
What to do:
• Cool with cold running water;
• Protect the area with gauze, clean, dry cloth or aluminized blanket;
• Elevate the affected limb to prevent swelling.
What NOT to do:
• Do not remove clothing glued;
• Do not apply ice on the burn site due to vasoconstriction and decreased blood
supply;
• Do not use products such as toothpaste, oil, margarine, coffee, sugar, bleach,
vinegar, etc. Or ointments without medical advice.
Figure 48: Thermal burns - Cool with cold running water
Burns by gas (inhalation): Inhalation of superheated gases can cause obstruction

of air through by edema of the hypopharynx.
32
Signs and symptoms:
• Burns of the face or mouth;
• Scorching from the facial hair;
• Sputum blackened;
• Hoarseness or stridor;
• Cough or dyspnea;
• History of unconsciousness;
• Exposure to fire indoors. Burns on the face or in the mouth.
What to do:
• Protect yourself from exposure;
• Evaluate and maintain basic life support (BLS);
• Carry rapidly the victim for advanced care.
Figure 49: Lungs - Toxic gases
Electrical burns:
Electric shock is the set of perturbations of various nature and effect, manifested in
the human body when it is traversed by electric current. In the skin, may appear two
small areas of burns (typically 3 degree) - the input and output of electric current.
33
What to do:
• Turn off the power switch;
• Move the victim away from source of electricity or the source from the victim,
with the appropriate material (insulator rod).
Figure 50: Bat
Figure 51: Procedure to turn off power switch
• If there is cardiac arrest, apply resuscitation (BLS);
• Cover the burn with a gauze or clean cloth and aluminized blanket;
• If the person is conscious, put it lay upon back with legs elevated;
• In case of suspected fracture, immobilize it;
• If necessary, cover the person with a blanket and keep it quiet;
• Seek immediate medical help.
34
NOTE: Never rely on rubber gloves, pieces of wood, cloth, rubber boots, ropes or
strike suddenly the victim.
The consequences are always the same: more or less tissue destruction.
The severity of a burn depends on the location, extent and depth.
Grade 2 > 25% Body Surface Burns (BSA) in adults.
Grade 3> 10% BSA any age.
Note: Clothing on fire: seeking to stifle the flames from the victim with any cloth that
find as a blanket, scarf, towel, sheet, etc. The victim in flames, should not run away,
but roll on the floor on one side to another. Cut or tear carefully burnt clothing (if the
clothes are glued do not remove), treat the burn in accordance with the conditions of
the victim.
3.4.1 Degree of burns
1st degree: involves the epidermis. Redness, swelling, mild pain.
Figure 52: 1st Degree of Burn
2nd degree: Involves the epidermis and dermis. Blisters on the skin red, most
intense pain.
Figure 53: 2nd Degree of Burn
35
3rd degree: involves the dermis and subcutaneous tissue or hypodermis. It features
dark skin or charred, with little or no pain in the affected area.
Figure 54: 3rd Degree of Burn
3.4.2 Percentage of burns
For larger and more scattered burns, it uses the RULE 9% (see figure below):
An adult from the front:
9% = Head and neck;

9% = Chest;
9% = Abdomen;
9% = Right leg;
9% = Left leg;
9% = The 2 arms;
1% = Genitals;
55%= Subtotal.
Now, the back side:
9% = Back;
9% = Abdomen;
9% = Right leg;
9% = Left leg; Figure 55: Percentage of burns
9% = The 2 arms;
45%=Subtotal;
55% (front) + 45% (back) = 100% of the area of the body.
3.4.3 First aid for some special cases
• Chemical burns should follow the guidance of the MSDS (Data Sheet
Information of Chemical Safety);
• Burns to the eyes: do not waste time lay down the victim, gently lift its eyelids;
wash the eyes thoroughly with clean water for at least thirty minutes.
36
3.5 TYPES OF TRAUMA
3.5.1 Traumatic brain injury (T.B.I.)
The head injuries are potentially dangerous, with or without immediate

unconsciousness. For satisfactory recovery and return of the normal, appropriate
treatment is the basic initial step, especially if the patient is unconscious.
Possible signs of skull fracture, observed during 48 hours of the accident:
• Loss of consciousness, drowsiness or disorientation;
• A depression on the scalp;
• Drainage of blood or clear fluid from the nose, ear or mouth;
• Paralysis of one side of the body;
• Loss of vision, convulsions, vomiting;
• Loss of recent memory;
• Severe headache and / or persistent;
• Changes in respiratory rate and pulse.
First Aid:
• Keeps the person lying down. Use one of these following body positions:
− If the person has suspected spinal injury, keep head in the same level
of the body;
− If the person doesn’t have suspected spinal injury, raise your head and
shoulders a little, putting a pillow underneath. Place it in the lateral
recovery position.
• If you cut on the scalp, control the bleeding until you get quality care;
• Make compression on the wound with gauze or cloth;
• Keep warm if there is suspected neck or back injury, immobilize and transport
the victim to the nearest emergency room.
37
3.5.2 Spinal Cord Injury (S.C.I.)
These are penetrating wounds like gunshots, knives, producing spinal cord injury that
occurs by penetration or by compression and sometimes combined with marrow
bleeding. Displacement and vertebral fractures can cause bruising, lacerations and
the result is usually permanent disability.
The spine has 33 bones called vertebrae that extend from the base of the skull to the
top of the coccyx. There are seven cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral
vertebrae and 4 coccygeal vertebrae.
The spine has a function to sustain and protect the body inside the foramen the
spinal cord which is a part of the central nervous system.
The lesions may be incomplete and complete. The complete lesions have an effect of
total loss of function, the patient does not respond to movement or sensation below
the injury level. In the incompletes lesions there are preservation of some functions.
3.5.3 Suspicion of a SCI (Spinal Cord Injury) when:
d) If the victim is conscious, ask him if the neck and back hurts if an arm or leg
are paralyzed, weak and if feels tingling or numbness in an arm or a leg. At
this point, look for swelling, bruising or deformity in the region of the vertebrae;
e) If the victim is unconscious and you do not know what happened, consider it
as having lesions in the neck or back (SCI).
Note: It is important to bear in mind that the victim, especially with signs of spinal
cord injury should be transported carefully so as not to cause a second trauma or
aggravate previous injury, since this damage could be irreversible.
First Aid
• The rescuer should always as possible identify themselves;
• When there is suspicion of SCI, the victim must be properly immobilized and
transported to the nearest emergency room.
3.5.4 Contusion
It is an acute traumatic injury, blunt, resulting from direct trauma to soft tissues and
causes pain and swelling.
3.5.5 Distension
Distension is the breakdown of muscle fibers per se, with transverse muscle injury.
38
Figure 56: Contusion
Figure 57: Distension
3.5.6 Sprains
It is the temporary loss of contact between two bone ends, which can cause
distension of the ligaments. A sprain can be caused by in false and exaggerated
movements. Examples are, kicking in a bad way, stumble, etc. A sprain is more
common in the ankle, knee, wrist and hip.
• Signs and symptoms:
− Pain when moving the joint;
− Local swelling.
• First Aid:
− Apply ice on the spot;
39
− Avoid movement of the joint;

− Immobilize the joint;
− Forward to qualified care.
Figure 58: Symptoms of Dislocation
3.5.7 Dislocations
It is the loss of contact between two bone ends, which may be caused by accidents
or joint movements very violent, the most commonly occurs in the joints of the
shoulder, elbow, fingers, hips and jaw.
Figure 59: Acromion clavicular dislocation
40
• Signs and symptoms:
− Local pain radiating throughout the affected limb;
− Local edema;
− Deformity of the joint;
− Functional impotence of the joint.
• First Aid:
− Apply ice on the local, not directly upon the skin;
− Do not try to put the bone in place;
− Immobilize the affected area;
− Provide qualified care.
3.5.8 Fractures
A fracture is any break in continuity of a bone.
Figure 60: Fractures

3.5.9 Classification of fractures
• Closed: It is easily identified when there is a localized mass, pain, deformity

of the place;
41
• Open: When the bone pass through the skin. These are the most serious
because of its greater blood loss.
Figure 61: Closed Fracture
Figure 62: Opened Fracture
3.5.10 Fractures of the Ribs
• Causes severe pain;
• They can cause pneumo or hemothorax;
• Can be single or multiple;
• The first 1 to 3: upper limb bones (clavicle, scapula);
• The intermediate 4-9: thoracic injury risk;
• And the last 10 to 12: trauma and suspected hepatosplenic.
Signs and symptoms:
• Swelling at the place;

42
• Severe pain and localized;
• Difficulty moving the affected part;
• Tip of exposed bone in the case of open fracture;
• Spot reddish or bluish at the injury place.
First Aid:
• Inspect all of the victim's body in search of fractures at other sites;
• Do not try to put the bone in place;
• Let the fractured limb as natural as possible, seeking to relieve pain;
• Immobilize the fractured part including the joints that are above and below the
fracture;
• Seek qualified assistance.
Note 1: In the case of open fracture, you should stop the bleeding, protect the wound
with gauze or clean cloth to immobilization and watch constantly because the
bleeding may occur again.
Note 2: We call severe fractures those that occur in the spine, skull, pelvis, ribs and
femur. For this type of fracture you need special care, ie, they are situations that
should immobilize the victim to the hospital and remove quickly.
Cares that the rescuer should have:
• In wounds where there is a transfixing and permanence of the causer object

,the rescuer should protect it with a gauze or even a disposable cup and
monitor vital signs, to calm the victim and transported her to the hospital;
• In eviscerations, the rescuer should protect the viscera with a clean cloth
soaked in saline;
3.6 SPECIAL PROCEDURES
3.6.1 Banding
In order to keep a dressing, an immobilization of a fracture or a temporary hold on

the body, bandages are employed. In the absence of bandages, use strips of a clean
sheet, a skirt, a handkerchief, a napkin or a towel. In applying a bandage to take the
following precautions:
43
1. The area must be clean;
2. The muscles relaxed;
3. Bandage towards the end to the center, eg from the hand in the direction of
the arm;
4. Do not put an excessive pressure to the bandage. The circulation must be

maintained;
5. Always leave the extremities (fingers) free, to see purple and cold in the skin
place.
3.6.2 Dressing
It is a procedure that consists of cleaning and application of a sterile cover on a

wound, when necessary, with the aim of promoting rapid healing and to prevent
contamination and infection.
Objectives:
Treat and prevent infections, eliminate unfavorable factors that make the delay
healing and prolong convalescence, increasing treatment costs, reducing cross-
infection through correct procedures and techniques.
Figure 63: First Aid Kit
How to proceed:
• Wash your hands before handling the wound and begin the healing;
• Clean the wound site with saline or water;
• Dry the area around the wound. Be careful not to rub;
44
• Spend ointment on the spot. Much attention at the moment, it is necessary to

know the specific drug to be placed depending on the type of injury. When in
doubt, consult a physician;
• Secure the bandage in place according to the size of the wound. In some
places, the tape should not be used, as in the joints, for example. In these
cases, use bandages or gauze. These should be placed so that does not
compress or loosen too much the injury;
• Change your dressing every 12 hours. So he will always be clean and allow
the wound to breathe better.
1. With a wad of gauze, compression is done on the wound;
Figure 64: Healing
2. The triangular bandage is used to secure the gauze to the wound site;
Figure 65: Healing
45
3. A double knot made over the wound, allows you to control the pressure to help
stop the bleeding.
Figure 66: Healing
3.6.3 Head injuries
Except for the minors, injuries on the head always require prompt attention from a
health professional.
Do the following:
a) In case of unconsciousness or restlessness, lay the victim on his back and

loosen their clothing, especially around the neck. Wrap the victim in a blanket;
b) If there is bleeding in the scalp wound, place a compress or a clean cloth over
the wound. Press gently and secure with tape or bandages;
c) If the bleeding is on the nose, mouth or an ear, turn the victim's head to the
side that is bleeding;
d) If the ear drains a colorless clear liquid let it come out naturally, turning your
head sideways.
3.6.4 Immobilization
Immobilization is what keeps the broken bones in place, preventing their movement
until they heal. The equipment for immobilization has the protection function of the
spine and extremities of the victim at the time of transport.
• Cervical collar (cervical spine immobilization): several sizes S, M, G.
46
Figure 67: Cervical Collar
• Splints (immobilizers of members 'arms and legs')
Figure 68: Splints
• Stretchers: There are several models of stretchers. Should be used in

conjunction with the side immobilizer of head, neck brace and anchorage.
Figure 69: Stretchers
47
Figure 70: Offshore Stretcher
Figure 71: Stretcher - Air Transportation
3.6.5 Vital signs
Vital signs are indicative of normal functioning and concerns to Pulse and
Respiration.
a) Pulse
What is commonly called a "pulse" is associated with the pulse or with the heart
beats, that pump the blood through the arteries and can be felt by the positioning of
the fingertips of the body at strategic locations.
48
Figure 72: Pulses
The pulses should be counted for 30 seconds and the result multiplied by 2, to
determine the number of beats per minute. Or as the text in the picture above, count
the beats for 15 seconds and multiply by 4.
The interpretation of this result, in adults, is shown in the table below:

Table 1: Interpretation of the number of pulses
NUMBER INTERPRETATION
60 a 80 Normal
< 60 Slow (bradycardia)
>= 100 Fast (tachycardia)
100 - 150 Emergency (Accident)
> 150 Search Quickly a Physician
As a general rule, whenever the heart rate is less than 50 or is greater than 120 per
minute, something is going seriously wrong with the patient.
There may be a need to proceed with CPR and mouth to mouth resuscitation.
b) Breathing
Breathing in practice is the set of two normal movements of the lungs and chest
muscles:
1 - Inspiration (air intake through the mouth / nose);

2 - Expiration (air outlet, the same airways).
Observe by the gasp to breath cadenced the individual (movement up and down the
chest).
49
Table 2: Interpretation of the number of gasps
NUMBER INTERPRETATION
10 - 24 10 to 24 usually within one minute.
Figure 73: Inspiration and Expiration
3.7 LIFTING AND LOWERING OF THE VICTIMS
This procedure should be done by specialized people, with attention to all the
moorings and the type of string that is used. Stabilization, both for lifting or trappings,
should be controlled by at least two rescuers.
• The approach of the emergency team should be held by the sides of the
aircraft. In the case of the victim being at sea, the rescuer should take some
distance to go against the victim, and then get closer by swimming;
• Note the previous contact of the lifting cable from the aircraft to the ground or
water to the discharge of static electricity;
• The victim should be aware, if possible, the procedures that are being made;
• Make sure if the belt is properly strapped on the littler;
• Lift the litter preferably horizontally;
• At the time of the lowering of the victim, notice for the releasing from the area;
• Before departure, make sure the victim stays comfortable and safe. All
equipment must be secured;
• In aircraft, the victim should be placed, preferably with the head turned to the
cockpit;
50
• Keep first aid supplies near by;
• In victims with broken limbs, do not use the immobilization device with
weights, which may vary during transport;
• Protect the ear of the victim and if it is lucid, use headphones for
communication;
• The victim should be wrapped in a blanket and preferably wet clothing should
be removed;
• In case of prior attendance with the medical team, do not try to rush her to
evacuate. This team has procedures to be adopted before the evacuation;
• Put preferably next to the victim, the identification form, the procedures carried
out on board, information about possible allergies and medications
administered the portfolio of health insurance and history of previous
diseases.
Important notes:
• Allow the static electricity discharge into the water;
• Do not sit on the strap;
• Keep the beam and the winch cable in front;
• Do not try to help the crew during boarding the helicopter, could result in his
downfall.
51
1. What are the four steps to be taken before the approach of the victim?
___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________
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2. You are sent to a scene of a "man down there near a ladder." As you
approach realizes that the victim is unconscious. What to do?
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3. The Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) is a set of interventions that

focuses on effective circulation and the chances of survival. What is the
current sequence that must be made?
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. At what point should stop CPR?

___________________________________________________________________
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5. Give the name of five signs and symptoms of internal bleeding?

___________________________________________________________________
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52
6. What is Hemostasis? Cite two procedures?

___________________________________________________________________
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7. What are the degrees of burns and how they present themselves?
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8. How the fractures can be classified?

___________________________________________________________________
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9. When faced with someone who was hit by electric shock, what to do?
a) Unroll the tongue of the person.

b) Place the person in bed or chair.
c) Loosen the clothing of the person.
d) Turn off power supply and perform basic support and life.
10. When the tourniquet should be used?
a) When there is a surface cut.

b) When amputation and all procedures for hemostasis are ineffective.
c) None of the alternatives.
d) When there is fracture with bleeding.
53
COURSE OVERVIEW
customers.
The course meets the requirements of NORMAM-24/DPC. The Participant Manual is

applied to the training of Personal Safety & Social Responsibility to prepare
participants with knowledge and skills to maintain a safe working environment while
in relationship with others (both at work and outside it) so socially responsible.
Welcome!

Company Details For Booking and Enquiries
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
CHAPTER 1 – SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND HUMAN RELATIONS ON BOARD
1.1 BASIC ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION
1.1.1 The challenge of communicating what one wants to talk
In the early days of communication the man expressed itself by gestures, images,
and sounds. Only much later is that man learned to use graphic symbols to refer to
objects known by the senses and communicated through gestures.
The language is a construct of reason, an invention in order to approach the reality.

The word is just a symbolic representation of the object.
1.1.2 Basic elements of the communication process
To communicate the man uses signs duly organized, sending them to someone else.
The message is issued from different codes of communication (words, gestures,
drawings, signs, etc). Any message needs a mean to be transmitted , which is called
the communication channel and refers to a context, a situation.
The elements of communication are:
• Issuer;
• Receiver;
• Channel;
• Post;
• Encoding and decoding;
• Signs or signals.
Issuer is who produces encodes and transmits the message. It may be a person or
group of people who wish to express their purposes in the form of message.
Channel is the mean by which the message is transmitted to the receiver, the route
of transmission, whether through gestures, codes, facial expressions, oral or written
language.
Message is the content of communication. It is the information transmitted should be

structured so that the meaning represents the concrete expression of our ideas and
experiences and it is common for the sender and receiver. For this it is necessary
that the message be encoded expressing clearly the message sent.
All duties reserved: No part from this document can be reproduced, stored or introduced in a recuperation system, or other way transmitted, by means (electronics, 8
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Receiver is the recipient of the message, he decodes it and put it into action, that is,
it sends a response.
Coding is the transposition of ideas and thoughts to the message being

communicated, because the message needs to be composed of words and signs to
be sent to the receiver. It is essential that the sender considers the characteristics of
the receiver to encode the message, so that be understood by him.
Decoding is the process of translating words and signs that is done by the receiver
to understand the message.
Signs or signals are present in our day to day and composes verbal communication.
1.2 BARRIERS OF THE COMMUNICATION
There are many barriers that can distort communication of what we transmit or
receive; it may be more effective when they become aware of the failures that may
occur, namely:
• The misuse of words;
• Fear;
• The assumption of understanding of the message;
• Information overload;
• The lack of capacity, concentration and attention and not listening.
However there are other more subtle barriers that reveal facts that are not generally
perceived. To face at them or at least minimize the obstacles or barriers in
communication, we must develop skills that enable us to overcome them.
1.2.1 Contribution of good communication in the workplace
The efficacy of the communication in the workplace depends on the degree to which
people strive to maintain an open, honest and comprehensive dialog.
The effectiveness resulting of the good communication will become an important

factor for strengthening the security procedures adopted in a Maritime Unit. The
information can only be passed when there is reception and emission.
Observe, listen and read are so essential to the supervision of work teams such as to
demonstrate, speak and write.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Although the exchange of information be highly influenced by factors other than

verbal, anxieties and concerns, attitudes and emotions, personality and tone of voice;
much of the information inevitably takes a form of tyranny of words.
People react to what they hear and think (interpret), ie, they do not always
understand exactly what the speaker actually says.
Poor communications due to factors such as language barriers, strange terminology

and background noise, leading to deception, error and ultimately, accidents.
1.3 IMPORTANCE OF GOOD RELATIONSHIP IN THE OFFSHORE ENVIROMENT
1.3.1 Uniqueness of work on board of a Vessel-Probe or Platform
Oil platforms are quite complex and some installations especially the big platforms,
could include the production and storage of oil and gas at high pressure, the drilling
of wells and construction and maintenance. By operating off the coast and immediate
aid, require some degree of autonomy.
Requiring a set of services such as food and accommodation for crews, electricity
supply, compressors and pumps, water, transportation to the coast (boat or
helicopter), means for loading and unloading, telecommunications, medical services
and lifeboats lifeguards, and other means of rescue, which requires a high level of
coordination.
The work in process units such as oil platforms can be understood by four aspects
that are interrelated and are characterized as:
• Continuous - as the production flow for 24 hours a day throughout the year,
requiring the rotation of various groups of employees to follow the same;
• Complex - because the various parts of the technological system are

interconnected in a network structure that prevents it has total control of the
system, always subject to a degree of unpredictability and trigger the kind of
domino effect in case of incidents and accidents;
• Collective - because the unit's operation is only possible by the work of teams
in which the activities are highly interdependent;
• Dangerous - because it is related to the processing of hydrocarbons that

evaporate, ignite or explode the use of toxic chemicals for humans and for the
environment and the operation of machinery and equipment that can trigger
powerful accidents with the potential to cause multiple deaths and injuries.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Figure 1: Platform of Semi-Submersible Type
Therefore, in order to understand the nature of working conditions on the platforms,

we must take into account the issues identified and associated with the confinement
imposed for professionals who work in them, and the long absence from the society
of origin, all this is a challenge to the coexistence and understanding among the
members of his crew.
1.4 PRACTICE OF LEADERSHIP
The movements of change affecting humanity and, in particular, business

organizations, reinforce the need for every human being bears the role of transformer
agent of the environment in which they live.
The capacity of transformation can be multiplied through leadership, influence and

power relationship between individuals as a way to integrate individual procedures,
obtaining thus the synergy (retroactive effect of the active and coordinated effort to
work or the performance of various subsystems a complex task or function.) in the
collective behavior.
The word "leader", in its origin means "one who guides the group."
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Modern definition:
Leader is the person that stands out, influences and can get from others' the
spontaneous adherence to their attitudes and ideas.
Leadership is not only having control or authority, but it is a role assumed by

people being aware of it or not.
1.4.1 The importance of the leader in motivating your work team
The work teams increase the feeling of unity and struggle for a common goal.
Teamwork gives them a greater sense of identity and a collective pride and
contagious about their performance. People feel gratified and rewarded when they
are members of a team. The leader's role is to help them achieve the best they can.
1.4.2 Motivating people to give their best
Those who were motivated not only do things right, they do the right things and
spontaneously. Employees tend to reflect the characteristics, values, standards and
work habits of their leader. That is, they do not do what you say but what you do. You
can only charge when the team's commitment is compromised as well. To be the
example is the key.
1.5 GROUP COHESION TO ACHIEVE GOALS
Leaders add value getting more than they need from what they have to work: the
human and physical resources available. The leaders employ energy, motivation,
spirit and encouragement for the task.
The leaders are involved and invest in the others a desire to always improve,
continuously. Leaders assist in the evolution and change, guiding, facilitating and
helping others to lay out the paths and explore. They know that when the fear of
unknown is the disease, knowledge and communication are the remedies.
The leaders by persuasion and perseverance, identifying barriers, bringing you the
people that served as obstacles, paving the way, defending its staff. They bargain,
negotiate, exchange and show the obvious benefits, use the influence of third parties
found support those who have power. They are people of "ACTION".
1.6 SOCIAL AND LABOR RESPONSIBILITIES
In Brazil, labor relations are regulated by the Ministry of Labor and Employment
laying down general rules to be observed in an employment contract such as:
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
1.6.1 By the employer responsibility
• Comply with and enforce the laws and regulations on safety and occupational
medicine;
• Prepare work orders on safety and occupational medicine, informing

employees, with the following objectives:
− To prevent unsafe actions in work performance;;
− Divulge the obligations and prohibitions that employees should know and
do;
− To inform the employees that they will be liable to punishment for the
breach of orders issued;
− Determine the procedures to be adopted in case of work accidents and

occupational diseases or work;
− Take measures to eliminate or neutralize the unhealthy and unsafe

working conditions;
− Informing workers of occupational hazards that can arise in the workplace;
− To guide means for preventing and limiting such risks and to the measures
adopted by the company;;
− Allow workers' representatives to accompany the enforcement of legal

rules and regulations on safety and occupational medicine.
1.6.2 By the employer
• Comply with laws and regulations on safety and occupational health, including
service orders issued by the employer;
• Use the PPE provided by the employer;
• Submitting to medical examinations provided in the Regulatory Standards

(NR);
• Collaborate with the company in the application of NRs.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
1.7 NEGATIVE REFLEX OF THE USE OF ALCOHOL AND OTHER DRUGS
Alcohol and other drugs
Alcohol and other drugs are strictly forbidden in all workplaces. It is important to
remember that for those seeking quality of life these substances are not
recommended. The use of drugs and / or alcohol affects how you perform your tasks.
The emergence usually occurs without warning and unexpectedly, a functionally

impaired person would be more a hindrance than a help. The dangers of alcohol and
drugs are that they affect all of you, spouses, friends, colleagues, company, nation,
etc.
Recognize, understand and react positively to the problem is important to avoid

certain tragedies for friends, family and career.
1.7.1 Effects of drugs
In Brazil, the drugs are divided into licit (legal) and illicit (illegal). The substance
abuse in the workplace or signs of improper use of the same is also prohibited by the
various factors that cause them:
• They are bad for health: marijuana causes cancer, cocaine increases the
chances of heart attack and ischemia, and also cause lower self-esteem and
depression;
Figure 2: Without drugs
• Addictive: Statistics show that 10% of marijuana users become dependent;
• Inciting violence: not just when by the effect, but when you want to use
drugs;
• A lighter one, leading to the heaviest: all hard drug users have used
marijuana;
• Cause damage to society: drug users consume more resources from the
public health system;
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
• Corrupt the values of those who use them: drug use can lead people to
have improductive or indolent and inconsequential behaviors.
1.7.2 Effects of alcohol:
• Reduces the reflex;
• Weakens the nervous system;
• Causes dizziness;
• Provokes vomiting.
Figure 3: Effects of Alcohol
• Factors that contribute to alcoholism:
− The work environment;
− Personal habits;
− Personal problems.
Figure 4: Alcohol Dependence
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
• Warning signs of alcoholism:
− Violence;
− Loss of memory;
− Depression;
− Disorientation;
− Swelling.
• The dangers of alcohol abuse:
− Unconsciousness;
− Increase of weight;
− Malnutrition;
− Liver and kidney sicknesses;
− Ulcers;
− Alterations from the mind and reason;
− Accidents;
− Brain damage;
When an individual is drunk or impaired, there is a greater chance of falling

overboard, falling from a ladder, slipping on a wet deck, etc.
Some prescription and nonprescription medicines (self-medication) have side effects

that may prejudice the trial and the responsiveness of the crew.
1.8 HOW THE STRESS AND INTERPERSONAL DIFFERENCES CREATE

ADVERSE CONDITIONS TO WELFARE AND SAFETY
Using a language that is very popular: "What would be green if everyone liked the
yellow?" People have sought responsible solutions to live with the different opinions
and ideas.
The main factors that contribute to friendly relationships in the workplace are:
• Know how to listen;

PERSONAL SAFETY AND
• Learn to understand and accept other points of view;
• Respect the competencies;
• Accept the difference;
• Know how to define roles and functions;
• Know how to see and do see the good in situations;
• Know how to motivate the people and your team;
• Know thank and congratulate the people;
• Do not manipulate people or situations;
• Do not put your employees against each other;
• Know how to protect their employees from their superiors and other
colleagues;
• Know how to share the hardships of others;
• Knowing how to say the truth, without brutality;
• Know place themselves firmly;
• Do not let it be envolved by the bad or lazy persons.
The peculiarities of the work offshore do negatively influence the maintenance of a

safe and healthy environment in order to alleviate these difficulties is essential that
respect stays cultivated by everyone on board for the need to ensure a harmonious
coexistence.
To achieve this objective it is important to observe the following rules of collective

living:
• Racial discrimination, of color, ethnicity or national origin
Prejudice and / or discrimination based on race, color, ethnicity, or national origin is a

crime. No matter the skin color or physical size, we are all belonging to the human
race.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Figure 5: Union of races
• Dress appropriately
It is important to be aware of what to wear. Do not forget: in many cases the proper
attire contributes to the reduction of accidents and their consequences.
Figure 6: Use of the EPI
• Personal Hygiene
Personal hygiene is another factor that causes serious problems in our day to day,
especially on board.
The lack of personal hygiene is undoubtedly largely responsible for most grave
illnesses and serious and because of that we must always be alert.
You must always use soap or toilet soap to wash our hands, especially before meals
and after using the toilet.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Figure 7: Personal Hygiene
PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
The “regulator" action of ethics in the performance of professions makes the

professional respects his fellow men when in the exercise of their profession.
• Religion / Blasphemies
The belief and religions should be respected, even if their beliefs are inconsistent
with the doctrines practiced by other colleagues.
Figure 8: Religion
• Sex Discrimination
All persons have the right to pursue happiness and free will to choose their sexual
partners. Labeling a person as capable or incapable simply because of the sexual
orientation is also discrimination.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Figure 9: Sex Discrimination
• Joking inappropriately
Each of us has his own way of being and reacts differently to certain types of play.
Pranks and jokes should always be avoided as they may cause accidents or
disagreements depending on the reaction of each person.
Figure 10: Joking inappropriately
• Excessive noise in the areas of the cabins
Control of noise levels and row. Remember that in areas of cabins, one must respect
the sleep of colleagues and avoid making noise. Excess noise in some cases
reaches disrupts the emotional balance of a colleague, causing stress.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
• Privacy
Respect the privacy and individual rights of his co-worker is essential to good human
relationships. Sometimes we need to be alone with our thoughts and contemplative.
It is important that we learn to respects the fellow at these times.
Figure 11: Privacy
1.9 NATURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INDIVIDUALS AND THE NEED OF

TOLERANCE AMONG THE CO-WORKERS
Differences between people will always exist. However, these cannot be so strong to
destabilize the structure of the group. On the one hand the mixture of ideas, thoughts
and cultures can feed friction and intrigue, on the other should be used as fuel to
debates and discussions that advances knowledge common to all and upon all.
Human beings in general have great difficulty to accept and live with diversity, the
best example being the wars and conflicts that exist within organizations and families.
But as I speak, our species keep its development by the competently handle the
different opinions and ideas. Identify the nature of the differences and use some rules
to avoid them, will canalize efforts towards a common goal. All of us are the results
from our personal experiences, processed by our physical and intellectual capacity.
According to psychologists, are essential factors to the proper relationship between
professionals in the workplace:
Self-knowledge: is the ability to recognize and understand moods, emotions and

feelings in yourself as well as the effect of these aspects over others.
Self-control: is the ability to control or redirect impulses and mood disturbance.

Propensity to think before acting.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Motivation: is a passion for their work for reasons other than are not money and
status. Propensity to pursue goals with energy and persistence.
Empathy: is the ability to understand the emotional makeup of others. Ability to treat
people according to their emotional reactions. This ability allows people to recognize
the needs and desires of others, allowing them more effective relationships.
Sociability: It is the competence to manage relationships and build networks. Ability

to find common ground and cultivate affinities. It has as characteristics: effectiveness
in leading change, persuasion, experience in building teams and lead them.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
CHAPTER 2 - SAFETY WORK ON BOARD
2.1 PURPOSE OF THE REGULATION NORM - NR-30
The NR-30 aims to protect and regulate the safety and health from the workers of the
maritime facilities. It is applied to employees of the commercial vessels of national
flag and foreign flags, on the limit of the provisions of the Convention of the ILO
(International Labor Organization). This standard establishes, among other duties:
2.1.1 It is up to ship-owners and their employees:
• Comply with and enforce the provisions of this NR as well as compliance

contained in the item 1.7 of the NR 01 - General Provisions and other laws of
health and safety at work.
Figure 12: Offshore

work
• Provide to the workers the standards of safety and health at work, publications
and instructional materials on safety and health, wellness and life on board.
2.1.2 It is up to workers:
• Comply with the provisions of this NR as well as compliance contained in item

1.8 of the NR-01 - General Provisions and other laws of health and safety at
work;
• To inform to official or to any member of GSSTB (Group of Health and Safety

at Work on board of merchant vessels), as set out in the Item 30.4,
malfunctions or deficiencies observed which may constitute a risk to the
worker or to the vessel;
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
• To use correctly the devices and safety equipment and be familiar with the
facilities, security systems and shipboard compartments.
The establishment of a GSSTB is the responsibility of the commander of the vessel.
2.2 SAFETY ON BOARD - LIABILITY OF ALL
The policy of accident prevention of a company depends not only on a set of norms,
standards and activities, but mainly individual attitudes and pro-active employees,
regardless of position or function where they are engaged. The proactive behavior of
employees is fundamental to the achievement of goals of the prevention in the
workplace and outside from it of socially responsible manner, always seeking to
ensure a safe and healthy environment for all. In the workplace each person has a
social responsibility to the local place where their work activities, with himself, his
colleagues, with the company and the environment.
In summary, all must be aware that you're literally "IN THE SAME BOAT."
2.3 ACCIDENTS, NEAR MISSES AND INCIDENTS.
2.3.1 Concept of work injury
According to the legal concept, accident at work is one that occurs in the course of
the work in the service of the company, causing bodily injury, functional disorder, loss
or reduced capacity for work, permanent or temporary (Law 8.213/91).
Figure 13: Work
• Accident is an abnormal occurrence that contains damaging event. Damage

and losses, although vile, always occur;
• Incident is the occurrence of abnormal event that contains harmful or

unwanted, but the action of random factors or control systems that involved
are enough to prevent harmful sequence.
The fundamental difference between accidents and incidents is the occurrence

of the damaging event and not the extent of losses.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Some examples of incidents will help to clarify:
• The control valve injection of inert gas in a reactor closes improperly. The fuel
shutoff system acted promptly, avoiding the explosion, but results in lost of
production;
• A machinist equipped with gloves and face shield makes sample of heavy oil
in the probe. There are splatters of the product on the face shield. The driver
has no damage, but the equipment is unusable;
• Near-misses are the real or virtual event that by "a little" does not turned into
an accident.
2.4 MAIN CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS AT WORK AND THE ROLE OF CIPA
Accidents often result from inappropriate interactions between man, the task and its
environment. We are prone to accidents at work by several different factors. The
following tips can help you minimize the likelihood of accidents:
• Plan the work;
• If the job has a change. STOP! Redesign it according to the change;
• Stick to approved procedures;
• Stay vigilant to unexpected events;
• Increase concentration during tight deadlines;
• Avoid shortcuts;
• STOP and THINK before it go wrong;
• Focus on the task at hand;
• Finish one job before starting another;
• Check possible risks;
• Avoid slang, speaks in plain language;
• Read the procedures, instructions and follow them;
• Ask if in doubt.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
2.4.1 Role of the CIPA
The Internal Commission of Accident Prevention (CIPA) - Aims

to prevent accidents and illnesses due to work, to make the job
permanently compatible with the preservation of life and the
promotion of worker health.
This committee is composed of representatives of employer and

employee. Its role consists among others:
• Identify the risks of the work process and produces the Map of Risk;
• Develop work plan that allows for preventive action in solving problems of
safety and health at work;
• Disseminate information to employees regarding safety and health at work;
• Collaborate in the development and implementation of PCMSO – Program of

Medical Control and Occupational Health and PPRA – Program of Prevention
of Environmental Risks, and other programs related to safety and health at
work;
• Participate, in conjunction with the SESMT – Specialized Service in Safety

Engineering and Occupational Medicine, when it happen, or with the employer
from analysis of the causes of diseases and accidents at work and propose
measures to solve the problems identified;
• Promote annually in conjunction with the SESMT, the Internal Week for the
Prevention of Work Accidents - SIPAT.
2.5 FACTORS OF RISK THAT MAY INFLUENCE ON THE ATTITUDES AND

ANSWERS
There are some factors that influence the perception of risk. What we perceive or we
not realize depends on the stimulus that we receive (e.g., size, brightness, intensity,
frequency, movement, etc.) of our past experiences and our physical and mental
health. The problems arise when perceptions do not correspond to reality, which can
lead us to making incorrect decisions.
Among these factors we can mention:
• Noise;
• Stress / fatigue;
• Lighting;
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
• Inadequate training;
• Misinformation;
• Lack of motivation;
• Use of drugs;
• Fixing or concern;
• Lack of attention;
• Disease in general;
• Lack of participation;
• Tiredness;
• Insomnia.
The way to control the influence of these factors is to identify them to take the
necessary measures to prevent damage.
2.6 CONCEPT OF DANGER AND RISK
• Danger: Source or situation with potential to cause injury, illness, in terms of

property damage, environmental or a combination thereof. The danger is
inherent in an activity, system, process, equipment and on offshore
environment can be considered as major hazardous activities, those that
involve working at heights, handling loads, confined spaces, service
operations hot, pressurized systems, powered systems, etc.;
• Risk: Probability of occurrence and damage resulting from undesirable

events. The risk is variable and can be assessed qualitatively or quantitatively.
It is important to know that there is zero risk, and therefore all work must be
carefully analyzed and applied control mechanisms aiming for its tolerability. A
practical example on this is an activity that involves the movement of loads
with a crane, which is considered a dangerous operation. If the operator is not
qualified or the location is not properly insulated and flagged, this work can be
considered high risk.
Frequency / Probability: On the picture below are presented the criteria for scoring
the FREQUENCY / PROBABILITY of occurrence of a dangerous event / exhibition,
actual or potential.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Should be considered in the evaluation the frequency / probability:
• The frequency/probability of occurrence of the dangers;
• The number of people under danger;
• The frequency and duration of the danger;
• The failure on the protection equipments;
• The protection provided by the PPE;
• Human failure.
Note: To determine the Frequency/Probability of occurrence of the dangerous event,

all controls are considered defined and implemented.
Picture 01: Frequency / Probability
FREQUENCY/
DESCRIPTION
PROBABILITY
Dangerous event / exposure that occurs or may
occur eventually.
1 Low Observation: Usually, are related to dangers of

low frequency / probability, but may also be from
other which has medium or high
frequency/probability of occurrence.
Dangerous event that occurs or may occur
frequently.
2 Medium
Observation: Usually, are related to dangers of
medium or high frequency / probability.
Dangerous event that occurs or may occur
continuously.
3 High
Observation: Usually, are related to danger of
high frequency / probability.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Figure 14: Frequency/Probability
2.6.1 Professional Disease
The occupational disease is understood like that produced triggered by exercise or

work peculiar to a particular activity, contained in the respective list prepared by the
Ministry of Labor and Social Security.
In order to characterize an occupational disease is necessary to establish causal

nexus, ie, must be analyzed the working conditions related to the exposure of
workers to chemical hazards physical agents and biological agents; prepare reports
of ergonomic conditions of work etc. At offshore work we found risk agents that cause
occupational diseases if they are not identified, recognized, evaluated and controlled,
and therefore all employees should know the risk present in the workplace and adopt
preventive measures recommended to prevent disease.
E.g.: Noise, heat, vibration, ionizing and non-ionizing extreme temperatures, handling
of chemical products.
E.g.: The ongoing work of welding without compliance with safety standards can
cause lung disease, caused by exposure to metal fumes, inhaled by the worker, an
occupational disease may characterize this work is conducted in a noisy
environment, above the limits tolerance established by Regulatory Standard NR-15
MTE (Ministry of Labor and Employment) and so the worker may also suffer a loss
(e.g., deafness) gained from work done in an extremely noisy. Once confirmed the
causal link, if you configure an occupational disease.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
2.6.2 Work Disease
The occupational disease that is acquired or triggered due to special conditions of

the environment in which the work is done and it relates directly, since what it be
constant in the ratio prepared by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security.
Example: deafness (taking into account the service performed in a place extremely
noisy).
NOTE: the difference between the Professional Disease and the Work Disease is the
causal nexus of the disease.
2.6.3 Control of Risk
The control of risk function is designed to keep the risk below the tolerated. The risks
in the workplace are identified by the Map of Risk and are classified into five groups:
• Physical;
• Chemicals;
• Biological;
• Ergonomic;
• In an accident.
Figure 14: Risk Map of the helideck of a platform
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
2.7 RISK, FREQUENCY, AND CONSEQUENCES
When accidents happen, human factors such as failure to implement the correct
procedures are often a motive. These failures can be attributed to a lack of training, a
failure to understand the purpose of a statement or a failure in the practical
application of Work Permit System.
Main dangers found at work on board of a petroleum platform:
• Trips and falls - due to slippery (oil, grease, debris, sea water, tank inspection
covers open, etc.) or obstructions (pipes, cables, welding cables and spies,
etc.);
• Head injuries - due to low entry into spans, loads felled on the head, loss of
equipment or material, etc.;
• Clothing, fingers, etc. - Holding the machine in motion: work gear, stands,
etc;
• Amputation of limbs – when working with saws, grinder, bench drill, cutting
disc, etc.;
• Burns – caused by hot machinery, welding sparks, work in kitchen, fire, etc.;
• Eye Injuries – by chipping, welding, chemicals, etc.;
• Deficiency of ventilation - in confined spaces;
• Chemical Risk - related to chemicals used in work activities.
2.8 UNSAFE ACTS AND CONDITIONS
2.8.1 Attitudes under of the standard (unsafe acts)
These are the acts or actions that the worker performs, voluntarily or not, and that
could cause or contribute to the occurrence of an accident.
They are usually caused by:
• Overconfidence;
• Incompetence;
• Preconceived ideas;
• Exhibitionism;
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
• Excess of Courage.
2.8.2 Unsafe Conditions
Are considered unsafe working conditions, deficiencies, defects or irregularities

existing techniques in the workplace, that threaten the physical integrity or health of
the worker, or the material goods of the company.
2.8.3 Personal of Insecurity Factors
When the worker is not in their normal physiological or psychological conditions, the
risk of accidents increases considerably, this is what we call "personal problems"
that may act on the individual as agent provocateurs of accidents, such as:
• Untreated health problems;
• Family conflicts;
• Lack of interest in activities they do;
• Financial difficulties;
• Alcoholism;
• Use of toxic substances;
• Social maladjustment;
• Psychological imbalance.
2.8.4 Measures of precautions to avoid unsafe acts and unsafe conditions in

shipboard operations
Maneuvers of Loads Handling
For shunting Loading and unloading of materials in the unit we must observe:
• inspect all lifting equipment, slings and container before the move;
• Prior program the stowage of cargo on deck. If the Work deck areas cannot
be used for stowage should be clearly marked and reported;
• Ensure special attention to the dangerous cargo with regard to packing,

stowage and segregation.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Figure 15: Overflow Figure 16: Overflow Basket
Tensioning cables and Spies: The chores that involve tensed cables have the risk
of accidents, can cause major damage. So are needed to comply with the following
items:
• Avoid the presence of people not directly involved in toil;
• Must be preceded by an assessment of the integrity of cables and equipment.
Figure 17: Cable Tensioning
Maneuver pumping
• Only allow that maneuvering pumping be realized if the security systems are
working;
• Observe the conditions of wind and sea. The operation can only occur when
these conditions are favorable.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Figure 18: Pumping
Machines in operation
• Follow the maintenance plan;
• Enclose, where applicable, a distance of security;
• Keep the area clean and organized.
Figure 19: Machine in operation
Discharge of engines
• Do the maintaining of thermal discharge pipeline in order to avoid burns from

contact with heated area;
• To design the discharge of motor considering the permanence of people

without exposing them to choking agents;
• Check the ventilation of stationary engines, installed in enclosed or poorly

ventilated areas.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Activities nearby divers
• Prohibit the carrying out of activities that pose danger to divers in the water.
Conduct meetings of operations planning before the beginning of scuba
diving;
• Ensure that no other movement is carried out, that offer to danger for divers in
operation. (Required to issue EN - Work Permit).
Figure 20: Underwater working
Confined compartments
• Prepare the program of safety and health at work in confined spaces, for
technical preventive measures, administrative, personal and emergency and
rescue in order to permanently secure environments with safe working
conditions;
• Ensure ongoing training of workers about the hazards, control measures,

emergency and rescue in confined spaces.
Figure 21: Confined compartment
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Signalizing of traffic on board
Escape route is the path to be followed by the crew of the Maritime Unit in case of
emergency evacuation of the site, due to an emergency. The lack of traffic signalizing
on board could lead to panic in emergency situations, where tranquility is the
predominant factor for the prevention of serious accidents.
Figure 22: Escape Route
2.9 PPE AND SAFETY STANDARDS
2.9.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Based on the Norm of the Ministry of Labor (NR-6) PPE is all single-use device,
manufactured by domestic or foreign company, to protect the health and physical
integrity of the worker. The company is required to provide to employees, free of
charge, appropriate PPE to the risk and in perfect condition and operation.
IT’S UP TO EMPLOYER
Provide employees free of charge, personal protective equipment approved by the

Ministry of Labor - MTE, appropriate to the risk and in perfect condition and
operation, where the general measures do not offer complete protection against the
risks of accidents and injury to health of employees.
ITS UP TO EMPLOYEES
1. Use it only for its intended purpose;
2. Be responsible for their care, maintenance and cleaning;

PERSONAL SAFETY AND
3. Notify her employer of any change that makes it unfit for use;
4. The unjustified refusal of the use of PPE constitutes employee's wrongful act.
Table 1: Correct use of PPE
TYPE OF PROTECTION PURPOSE INDICATED EQUIPMENT
• Safety glasses (for flame

Against the risk of impact of particles,
cutters, grinders, welders,
chemical splash, the action of heat or
FACE PROTECTION turners);
light radiation (ultraviolet and infrared
heat).
• Masks and shields (for welding)
Against the risk of falling objects, beats

PROTECTION FOR THE SKULL • Safety helmet.
by electric shock, hair pulled, etc..
• Protective insert (moldable or

Against noise levels that exceed the limits not);
HEARING PROTECTION
of tolerance.
• Guards outside (shell type).
Against gases or other substances
• Respirators with filters
harmful to the body which have as their
RESPIRATORY PROTECTION mechanical, chemical or
vehicle of contamination pathways
combination of two types, etc.
respiratory.
• Workers’ overalls;
BODY PROTECTION Against all kinds of aggressors agents. • Aprons of leather or imitation
leather, PVC, canvas and
plastic, depending on the type of
agent.
• Workers’ overalls;
Against sharp materials, abrasive,
perforating, thermal, electrical, chemical,
PROTECTION OF MEMBERS • Steel mesh gloves, rubber,
biological and radiant that can cause
TOP neoprene and vinyl, leather,
injuries to your hands or cause illness
scrapes, canvas and cotton,
through intermediary them.
Kevlar gloves, etc.
• Safety shoes;
• Leggings;
Against impact, electricity, molten metal,
PROTECTION OF MEMBERS
moisture, chemicals, sharp or pointed • Gaiters;
LOWER
objects, biological agents, etc.
• Boots (steel-toed, insulators,
etc.., Made of leather, canvas,
rubber, etc.).
2.10 EFFECTS AND PREUCATION AGAINST THE PRESENCE OF TOXIC GASES
In the several tasks realized on an oil platform, such as production, there is the
possibility of the presence of toxic gases and / or asphyxiating, still associated with
other routine chores performed on Marine units, such as drainage, cleaning, washing
and draining of a tank. Harmful gases making life appear unbearable to the
environment.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
2.10.1 Effects of oxygen deficiency
As we know, the minimum allowable of O² for safe breathing is around 19.5%, below
this concentration of O², may experience the following symptoms:
• Lack of coordination (15 a 19%);
• Difficulty breathing (12 a 14%);
• Breathing weak and low (10 a 12%);
• Mental failures, nausea, vomiting and unconsciousness (8 a 10%);
• Death after 8 minutes (6 a 8%);
• Coma (state of unconsciousness from which a person cannot be aroused by

an external stimulus) in 40 seconds (4-6%).
2.10.2 Effects of Carbon Monoxide:
Because it has no odor and color, carbon monoxide can remain long in confined
spaces without notice their presence and take action to ventilate or exhaust the place
and consequently, in the event of entry into these places, we may have harmful
consequences to health. At concentrations greater than the tolerance limit (39 ppm),
exposed to will feel:
• Headache (200 PPM);
• Palpitations (1000 to 2000 PPM);
• Unconsciousness (2000 to 2500 PPM);
• Death (4000 PPM).
2.10.3 Effects of H²S
This is one of the worst environmental agents harmful to human beings, just by the
fact that on average concentrations and above, our olfactory system cannot detect its
presence.
At concentrations greater than 8.0 PPM (parts of gas per million parts of air) which is
the limit of tolerance from hydrogen sulfide, it causes:
• Inhibition of the olfactory system (from 8.0 ppm);
• Irritation (50 to 100 PPM);
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
• Respiratory problems (100 - 200 ppm);
• Unconsciousness (500 to 700 ppm);
• Death (above 700 PPM).
2.11 WORKS IN CONFINED SPACES
According to Norm (NR) 33, confined space is "any area or environment not
designed for continuous human occupancy, that has limited means of entry and exit,
where ventilation is insufficient to remove existing contaminants may exist or where
deficiency or enrichment of oxygen ".
• Precautions for Input
Confined spaces are different from each other, but its dangers are very similar.
Before the entry into a confined space, it is necessary to evaluate each particular
risk, that are identified and potential hazards.
Figure 23: System portable gas detection
Figure 24: Confined Space

PERSONAL SAFETY AND
The main risks posed by a confined space are the atmospheric and physical. Thus,
the following precautions should be taken before entering a confined space:
• Check the oxygen present in the local atmosphere, whereas, according to

regulatory standards (NR) 6 and 15, concentrations below 18% in volume
characterizes a "oxygen deficient" atmosphere;
• Check the presence of flammable vapors or toxic gases, which can be caused
by the evaporation of flammable liquids or by chemical reaction of toxic or
flammable;
• Check with instruments gauges levels of radioactive sources that the presence
of radiation may come from the ultraviolet light emitted by the electric arc when
the welding work;
• Measurement of atmospheric conditions;
• Check the temperature of the environment and use appropriate clothing, if it is

too high or too low;
• Check the need to disconnect electrical circuits or equipment located there;
• Ensure that surface is solid and firm where you can step, noting that grain,
powder, sand, mud and other materials can cede with to the weight of the
body and cause choking and sinking of the worker;
• Check the condition of the surface at the bottom of the confined space, noting
that wet surfaces become slippery, can cause electrical shock to the worker;
• Check the level of noise present; taking into account the characteristics of the
confined space that can cause an effect of acoustic amplification.
According to Norm - 33 (NR) services in areas identified as confined space can only
be executed after the release of a Permit of Entry and Work (PEW).
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Table 2: PEW - Permit Entry and Work
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
2.12 PROPER USE OF PPE
Personal security requires awareness, knowledge and skill in the use of personal
protective devices which are used in the workplace. We can illustrate with the case of
an employee who in their day-to-day use of PPE required to perform their daily task,
but received a commission to perform a new task that requires extra security
measures in place with risk of falling. To control the risk involved in his new task, he
must use a seat belt, for example.
2.13 THE PREVENTIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE OPERATIONAL DISCIPLINE
PERMISSION TO WORK (PT)
An Offshore Unit (MODU) is a multidisciplinary work complex where accident

conditions may exist. Certain precautions must be taken to ensure the safety of all
the people and the probe or platform and, being taken into account during the
planning or execution of any work on board.
• System of Work Permission (PT)
The System of Work Permission is the method by which authorized people review
tasks that have elements of risk, to ensure that the work will be done with proper
security.
The adhesion to the system of permission to work is an essential aspect to maintain

safe operations and comply with labor legislation, but also for the safety of all
personnel working on board and a platform or probe.
The use of the Work Safety Analysis (JSA) and safety meetings of pre-work
performed prior to each job are very important security tools that are used in the
System of Work Permission.
• Purpose of the System of Work Permission (PT)
The purpose of the system is to ensure: the safety of people who are doing some
work, the safety of others is not endangered and that the overall safety and integrity
of the installation are preserved.
Below are some examples of activities that require the issuance of an order or PT to
execute:
• Hot Services (cutting and welding);
• Cold Services (assembly and disassembly of scaffolding);
• Work on electrical equipment;

PERSONAL SAFETY AND
• Operations in confined spaces;
• Maintenance and repairs of electrical networks, valves, and fittings in

hazardous areas;
• Working at Height;
• Work on the sea;
• Activities of diving.
Note: Each PT has explicitly its implementation period, or validity if there is a need to
extend this period to supplement the relative task, shall be issued a new PT.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
CHAPTER 3 - POLLUTION PREVENTION AND SUPERVISION
3.1 EFFECT OF POLLUTION IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
The presence of pollutants in the marine environment causes negative impacts on

the conservation of marine life and could even wipe out some species altogether, if
the time and dilution of these pollutants are not sufficient for their biodegradation. In
many cases, marine pollution is caused by vessels, which operate mainly by oil
exploration.
An accident involving oil spills at sea have disastrous consequences for the marine
environment. In order to impose barriers to protect the seas, the IMO - International
Maritime Organization, established an agreement known as MARPOL 73/78, which
regulates the discharge of oil and chemicals at sea.
3.2 PURPOSE OF THE LAW AND ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS
In Brazil, Law 9.966/2000, but known as "LAW OF OIL," provides for the
preservation, control and monitoring of pollution caused by the dumping of oil and
other noxious dangerous waters of national jurisdiction.
More restrictive are in the Decree no. 4.136/2002 that provides for the specification of
penalties for violations, to the prevention, (the) supervision and control of pollution
caused by the dumping of oil and other noxious or dangerous substances in waters
under national jurisdiction, as provided in Law No. 9966 of April 28, 2000.
Decree typifies those responsible for environmental violations, the extent of their
action or omission:
• The owner of the vessel, person or entity, or who legally represents it;
• The ship-owner or operator of the ship, if it is not being set or operated by the
owner;
• The concessionaire or a company authorized to conduct activities related to

the oil industry;
• The master or a member crew of the ship;
• The person or entity, public or private, legally represents the organized port,
the port facility, the platform and its support facilities, the shipyard, marina,
yacht club or similar facility;
• The owner of the cargo.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
3.3 POLLUTING SOURCES
In exploration and production of oil, some of the major pollution sources and their
agents are:
Table 3: Polluting Sources
Source Hypothesis Agent

Production, transportation and
storage of hydrocarbons. Outpouring Oil
Drilling operations Leakage of fluid Drilling fluid
Freight Transportation Discard Ballast water
Offshore Discard Garbage and sewage
3.4 BASIC PROCEDURES OF PREVENTION
To prevent and control of pollution in the marine environment is necessary to observe

the specific procedures for treatment of waste generated on board of the platforms.
3.4.1 Waste Management
All waste generated is collected and treated. For example, the recyclable paper /
cardboard, plastic, aluminum, metal, printer cartridges, fluorescent lamps, etc.
In general, the following procedures must be observed:

Table 4: Prevention Procedures
Pollutant Form of control

All waste must be discharged or, where
Household garbage and industrial applicable, crushed to release into the sea. The
burning of trash is utterly prohibited.
Should, whenever possible, be treated

Sanitary sewage previously. It is forbidden to launch in coastal
waters.
Accidental spillage of hydrocarbons Put in action the Individual Emergency Plan

(IEP)
In appropriate and demarcated areas, are collections that are usually recyclable
collectors in the colors defined by the standards (e.g. plastic, red, Metals, yellow,
glass, green, paper, blue,).
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Figure 25: Recyclable Waste Collectors
Once collected, these materials are landed and accompanied by a form of control.
Figure 26: Sustainability
3.5 BRAZILIAN TERRITORIAL WATERS AND JURISDICTION OF THE MARITIME

AUTHORITY
According to the Standard of the Maritime Authority - NORMAN-08 are considered

Brazilian Jurisdictional waters (AJB):
• The waters covered by a band of twelve nautical miles wide, measured from
the coastline (Territorial Sea);
• The waters covered by a band that extends from twelve to two hundred
nautical miles from the baselines used to measure the Territorial Sea, which
are the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ);
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
• The waters superjacent to the continental shelf if it exceeds the limits of the
Exclusive Economic Zone;
• Inland waters, inland waterways composed by rivers, lakes, canals, lagoons,

bays, coves and sea areas that are considered sheltered.
3.5.1 Powers of the Brazilian Maritime Authority
The Law of Maritime Traffic Safety stipulates that the Maritime Authority to ensure:
• The safeguarding of human life and safety of navigation in the open sea and
on inland waterways;
• The prevention of environmental pollution by vessels, platforms or their

support facilities.
Figure 27: DPC
3.6 ORGANIZATION OF THE MARINE DISTRICT
Due to our large territory and sea and to better fulfill its mission, the Navy is
organized administratively into Naval Districts, who fit the following main tasks:
• Control traffic and stay of vessels in the waters of national jurisdiction, as well
as the input and output ports, docks, anchorages and marinas;
• Conduct inspections and maritime surveys;
• Registration and certification of heliports vessels and platforms, with a view to

approval by the competent organs.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Currently, Brazil is divided into nine Naval Districts, as shown on the map below:
Figure 28: Naval Districts
3.7 PORT STATE CONTROL AND FLAG STATE CONTROL
3.7.1 Port State Control (State control over foreign flag vessels)
Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in other national ports by
PSC officers in order to verify the competence of masters and officers on board, the
condition of the ship, its equipment to meet the requirements of international
conventions (e.g. SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, etc..) and if the ship is manned and
operated in accordance with applicable international law.
Inspections of "Port State Control" will be performed by "Naval Inspectors" full on

captaincy, suitably qualified and accredited by the CPD.
Many of the major IMO conventions contain provisions for the ships to be inspected
when they visit foreign ports to ensure they meet the requirements of the IMO. The
IMO has encouraged the creation of regional organizations and state control
agreements on port State control - Memoranda of Understanding have been signed
covering all oceans of the world.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
Figure 29: Port State Control
3.7.2 Flag State Control
Are inspections performed by the Maritime Authority on ships and platforms of

Brazilian flags and foreign ships and platforms for obtaining Temporary Registration
Certificate (AIT) to operate in Brazilian waters.
The regulations for ships registered under its flag, including inspections, certificates
relating to the issue of safety and pollution prevention and documents. A ship
operates in accordance with the laws of its flag State. Like everything in this world,
the ship is usually recorded in a major port in the country. This is known as port of
registry.
Usually, the safety aspect, the Navy Law of any country in particular, is in line with
the SOLAS Convention who have their vessels inspected at regular intervals and
periodically checks to see if the ships are in accordance with maritime law of that
country and the security rules of the same.
The Port State inspections such as Flag State seek to verify the situation of the
vessel as:
• Safety of navigation;
• Safety of Life at Sea;
• Environment;
• Mandatory Certifications.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
3.8 STOWAWAY PASSANGER AND TERRORISM
It is considered a stowaway, a person aboard the vessel or platform without the

knowledge of the commander of the vessel. Usually the passenger intentionally broke
the standards of safety for the unauthorized shipment on board.
3.8.1 Terrorism
Acts of terrorism are those driven by a number of reasons aims to reach the marine
system in its most fragile link in the merchant navy.
The mission of the terrorists may depend since on obtaining criminal rewards to the
threat to the stability of governments.
Figure 30: ISPS CODE
The events of September of 11 of 2001 raised the urgent need to develop new
measures for the protection of ships and port facilities against acts of terrorism.
In December of 2002 the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted the

International Code for Security of Ships and Port Facilities - ISPS CODE in order
to improve the safety and security of ships and port facilities.
3.9 PIRACY AND ILICIT ACTS AS ASSAULT OR THEFT
3.9.1 Piracy
It is any violent act committed on the high seas by a private ship against another
ship, with the intention of earning profit.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
3.9.2 Sea Robber
One who without authorization from a state, without a international authority who
obey, practice acts of looting, murder and robbery to their advantage, against
vessels, their crews and passengers.
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
1. Name three factors that generate attitudes under of the standard?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What does non-verbal communication means?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. In waste collectors of platforms the materials are divided by color. Relate the
type of material and color:
(1) Green ( ) Paper

(2) Blue ( ) Glass
(3) Yellow ( ) Metal
(4) Red ( ) Plastic
4. Cite the procedure that we should adopt with household and industrial waste
generated in the platform:
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. What is the difference of an inspection called Port State Control and Flag
State Control?
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___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
PERSONAL SAFETY AND
6. What does RN mean and which is that deals with the Personal Protective
Equipment - PPE?
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___________________________________________________________________
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7. Cite the name of two (2) communication barriers?

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8. What is the name of the regulation norm that deals with CIPA?
a) NR 01;
b) NR 06;
c) NR 11;
d) NR 05.
9. For the employee has a good relationship on the platform or anywhere he

should have:
a) Proactive attitude;
b) Lack of communication;
c) Explosive temper;
d) Lack of companionship.
10. What is occupational accident?

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PERSONAL SAFETY AND
ANNEX 2 – REGULATION NORMS - MTE
NR 1 - General Provisions;
NR 2 - Preliminary Inspection;
NR 3 - Embargo or Interdiction;
NR 4 - Specialized Services in Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine;
NR 5 - Internal Commission for Prevention of Accident;
NR 6 - Personal Protective Equipment - PPE;
NR 7 - Programs of Medical Control of Occupational Health;
NR 8 - Buildings;
NR 9 - Programs for Prevention of Environmental Risks;
NR 10 - Security in Installations and Services in Electricity;
NR 11 - Transport, Handling, Storage and Materials Handling;
NR 12 - Safety at Work in Machinery and Equipment;
NR 13 - Boilers and Pressure Vessels;
NR 14 - Ovens;
NR 15 - Unhealthy Activities and Operations;
NR 16 - Hazardous Activities and Operations;
NR 17 - Ergonomics;
NR 18 - Conditions and Work Environment in the Construction Industry;
NR 19 - Explosives;
NR 20 - Safety and Health at Work with Flammable and Combustible Liquids;
NR 21 - Work on Open Skies;
NR 22 - Occupational Health and Safety in Mining;
NR 23 - Fire Protection;
NR 24 - Sanitary Conditions and Comfort in the Workplace;
NR 25 - Industrial Waste;
NR 26 - Signalization of Safety;
NR 27 - Professional Registration of Technical of Work Safety in MTB;
NR 28 - Enforcement and Penalties;
NR 29 - Regulation Norm of Health and Safety at Work Port;
NR 30 - Regulation Norm of Health and Safety at Waterway Work;
NR 31 - Regulation Norm of Safety and Health in Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry
Exploration and Aquaculture;
NR 32 - Safety and Health at Work in Health;
NR 33 - Safety and Health at Work in Confined Spaces;
NR 34 - Conditions and Work Environment in the Construction Industry and Marine
Repair;
NR 35 - Work at Height.
COURSE OVERVIEW
customers.
The Participant Manual is applied to the sea survival training to empower and enable
professionals that need to embark on maritime units, emphasizing the risks involved
and preparing them for a possible emergency involving evacuation and
abandonment, using whale, inflatable raft or as a last option, proceed with maximum
safety the jump into the sea.
The course meets the requirements of NORMAM-24/DPC and Standardization and

authorities of each country in compliance with the Laws Norman 01, STCW, SOLAS
(IMO).
Welcome!
West Group Treinamentos Industriais Ltda.

TECHNIQUES OF PERSONAL
SURVIVAL AND EMERGENCY
PROCEDURES
CHAPTER 1 - PROCEDURES AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS
CONCEPT OF EMERGENCY
Emergency is the abnormal situation that endangers the safety of the unit, crew or
both and can cause serious damage to the environment.
For didactic purposes we will use the term "RESIDENT", to identify the waterway
professional, who are part of the safety crew of the ship or platform and the non-crew
professional (PNT) embedded in the Maritime Unit for a period exceeding 72 hours.
1.1 TYPES OF EMERGENCIES
• Injury/serious injuries;
• Man overboard;
• Accident with divers
• Collision;
• Fall/ Water Landing
• Fire / Explosion;
• Bad weather;
• Leaking gas;
• Open Water ;
• Oil Spill;
• Shipwreck;
• Blow-out (it is an uncontrolled flow of hydrocarbon out of oil due to some

failure in its control system pressure.)
1.2 WARNING SIGNS
The emergency alarm are audible sounds, distributed in strategic locations across
the platform, in order to alert all residents and visitors about the state of abnormality.
6
PROCEDURES
Figure 1: Visuals Alarms
Picture 1: Types of alarms
STATE SOUND ALARM
EMERGENCY ...........
PREPARING FOR
________________
ABANDONMENT
NOTES
• In areas with intense noise, such as workshops, pump rooms, houses of

generators or compressors and engine room is required for the installation of
visual alarms, strobe lights or by Giroflex;
• The Order of ABANDONMENT is given verbally by GEPLAT /

COMMANDANT / IOM.
1.3 MASTER TABLE, SAFETY GUIDELINES AND CONTINGENCY PLAN.
1.3.1 Master Table or Table of Work and Emergency
Every crew member that come on board receives an identification card, called "T
Card", which contains some information, such as: no. the cabin that was designed,
its functions in case of abandonment, collision and fire, and the number of Its survival
craft.
7
PROCEDURES
Figure 2: “T”Card
Those information are extracted from the MASTER TABLE, also known as "Master
Table for Emergency Stations", standardized document that all vessels must have,
where we also find the types of audible sounds that indicate the chores emergency
whistle, bell alarms and signals. The horn and bell are only used in drilling ships and
platforms of FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading).
The master table must also specify how it will be given the order to abandon the unit
and indicate the assigned tasks to various crew members, such as:
• Closing of watertight doors, fire doors, valves, scuppers, hatches, portholes

and other similar openings available;
• Equipment of survival craft and other lifesaving equipment;
• Preparation and launching of survival craft;
• General Preparation of other life-saving appliances;
• Meeting of the crew and visitors;
• Utilization of communications equipment;
• Taking action of the fire brigade;
8
PROCEDURES
• Tasks for the use of special equipment and facilities for fire fighting;
• Establish what are the designated professional to ensure that life-saving

appliances and firefighting are kept in good condition and ready for immediate
use;
• What are the substitutes for key persons, if these become unable and / or
invalid.
Model of Master Table See in Annex 2.
1.3.2 Escape Route
It is the path to be followed by the crew of the Maritime Unit in case of emergency
evacuation of the local, due to an emergency.
It is signalized to indicate the shortest and safe way to reach those external areas to
the Meeting Points and Abandonment Stations.
The lack of traffic signalizing on board can lead to panic in emergency situations,
where tranquility is the predominant factor for the prevention of serious accidents.
Figure 3: Escape Route
Escape Routes should be kept clean and with free access to prevent at the time of
use cause some kind of accident.
9
PROCEDURES
Figure 4: Escape Routes Signalization
1.3.3 Meeting Point (Muster Point)
Meeting Points or Encounter Points are predetermined places, where they meet
people not involved in the chores of emergencies.
Figure 5: Symbols of Meeting Point by IMO
1.3.4 Abandonment Station
Are the places previously defined for the local concentration of people who will
abandon the Unit. It is usually located as close as possible to the survival craft
(whaleboat and rafts).
1.3.5 Emergency Procedures
The mode and manner of how to act in an emergency is a crucial factor in the lives of
people who are in a situation of danger. When you hear the emergency alarm, you
should proceed as follows:
10
PROCEDURES
If you are in the cabin:
• Wear the Protective Personal Equipment (PPE);
• Take the lifejacket;
• Follow the Escape Routes;
• Go to your meeting point.
If you are in the work shift:
• Immediately stop what you're doing;
• Turn off the equipment;
• Go to the cabin and grab your life jacket (if possible);
• Follow the escape routes;
• Go to your meeting point.
1.3.6 Emergency Coordination
In the occurrence of an emergency in the offshore unit, immediately settles a

EMERGENCY COORDINATION. It is up to the Platform Manager - GEPLAT and / or
Offshore Installation Manager - IOM the function of the Local Emergency
Coordinator.
The Emergency Teams are formed by on-board crew prepared to combat the
emergency, usually composed of a leader, with a direct replacement of the leader by
team members. The Emergency Team of a platform are made up of:
• FIRE BRIGADE
Fire
Explosion
Leakage of Gas
Control of the Process Plant,

• EMERGENCY STOP Team
stability and safety of the well.
• Team of ABANDONMENT;
• RESCUE Team;
• RELIEF Team;
• SOPEP Team. (Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan)

11
PROCEDURES
NOTE
We can find on platforms other designations of emergency equipment, such as

Damage Control Team (CAVO), Team Maneuver and Fire in Aircraft (EMCI) and
others.
1.3.7 Simulated
It is vitally important carry out training on the various emergency situations that you
may have in a Maritime Unit.
To be successful and avoid the panic that usually happens in times of crisis, we must
participate in training and drills taught compulsorily to all residents to be able to face
a real emergency situation.
Importance of training exercises
a) Procedures for staff;
b) Frequency requirements / training;
c) Responsibilities of the crew;
d) Realism in the exercises;
e) Availability of training guides.
1.4 EMPLOYMENT OF SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT
1.4.1 Lifejackets
According to international rules, of which Brazil is a signatory, every person on board

of a vessel must have an individual lifejacket.
The lifejackets should be provided with the following mandatory attachments:
• Light Signal Emergency;
• Retro-reflective tape;
• Whistle.
The criteria for manufacturing the vests are divided into five classes:
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Class I - Oceanic Navigation / Platform
Figure 6: Self-Inflatable Vest Figure 7: Lifejacket - Class I Type of Vest
Inflatable vests automatically: have an inflatable device used to automatically

trigger automatic work due to the existence of a tablet (carbide) that dissolves in
contact with water, activating the CO2 cylinder, filling the lifejacket.
NOTE: This type of jacket cannot be inflated inside the aircraft, because they hinder
the abandonment by the emergency exits.
Class II - Navigation Open Sea - between national ports (cabotage).
Figure 8: Life Jacket - Class II
Class III - intended for use on vessels engaged in inland navigation.
Figure 9: Life Jacket - Class III
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Class IV – destined to people involved in work carried out close to the edge of the
Maritime Unit, with risk of falling into the water accidentally.
Figure 10: Life Jacket - Class IV
Class V – manufactured material for use in sporting activities such as "jet ski",
"banana boat", water skiing, "windsurfing", "parasail," sport fishing, boating, boats
girls classified as a sport and / or recreational craft sports and / or recreational
midsize employed in inland navigation and others.
Figure 11: Lifejacket - Class V
• HOW TO DRESS THE LIFE JACKET
The Code LSA (Life Saving Appliance) of SOLAS requires that at least 75% of
people with no familiarity with the life jacket must be able to put it right in less than a
minute, without help, and also without a prior guidance or demonstration.
The simplest are dressed by the head and tied at the waist. It is important that the
equipment is being tied to the body and not let it get loose, in order that when the
person entering the water, the tendency is to float the vest, without make that the
drowning man gets uncomfortable or lose it by the head.
The placement of the vest in the body should be made according to the following
sequence:
• Wear the life jacket upon her own clothes;

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• Adjust the lifejacket at the shoulders;
• Ensure that the straps are not twisted;
• Tie the life jacket at the waist;
• Do not give a "knot" that difficult to remove the vest in water;
• Complete the adjustment of the lifejacket tying the strips above;
• Finally, make sure the vest is well adjusted to the body.
Figure 12: Sequence of placement of the lifejacket
• BOUNCING ON WATER WITH THE LIFEJACKET
Jump in the water is always a last resort. Wear the vest properly, adjust it and note
the following:
a) Remove any sharp object (glasses, pens, tools, helmet, etc.);
b) Approximate yourself the maximum of the sea level (preferably below 4.5
meters);
c) Protect the nose and mouth with one hand. Place the other arm on the first
and grab tightly to the shoulder of the vest, the vest pressing against his chest;
d) Make sure you are all free below, and keeps yourself stand up, looking straight
ahead;
e) Give a good step forward looking to the horizon and cross your legs in the fall
(not jump or skip, as this increases the chance of injury if you do not enter the
water and standing upright).
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PROCEDURES
1.4.2 Lifebuoys/Circular Buoys
They are intended to serve as a primary aid to the person who fell overboard and
waits for rescue. Are extremely important in case of abandonment of the installation
or vessel, because it help the users who are unable to reach the raft or dinghy.
Must have the following specifications:
Figure 13: Lifebuoy
• Ability to 14.5 kg/24h;
• Resist the fall of up to 30m;
• Have security cable (garlands), forming handles;
• Own Buoyancy;
• Reflective Tape;
• Composition: polyurethane foam;
• Dimensions: 40 cm internal diameter and 80 cm external (Class I).
On board, the buoys should be placed at distances of no more than 24m from each
other, so that a person need not give more than 12 steps to reach a buoy.
Are components of the buoy:
• Cable, whose length is two and a half times the height of the point where
the buoy is installed, in relation to the sea level;
• Signaling equipments day and night:

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Daytime: smoke emission in orange, lasting at least 15 minutes.
Night: automatic floating flashlight (torch Holmes).
Figure 14: Lifebuoy marker combined with "Man Overboard"
1.4.4 Immersion Suit
The Immersion Suit should be used in conditions of low water temperature. It is

made from waterproof material and should allow that can be unpacked and dressed
without assistance in less than 2 minutes.
This clothing must cover the entire body except the face. Not offer means of
excessive water intake, should be used as a lifejacket. If necessary, in this case, be
equipped with warning lights.
Figure 15: Immersion Clothing

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1.4.5 Thermal Protective Clothing (TPA)
The thermal protective clothing are used to protect the body from cold, often their
colors range from orange, yellow or red, is formed to cover a large part of the body.
They are water proof material, reduce the heat loss from the body, and are easy to
use. These clothes are designed to withstand temperatures from -30 ° C to +20 ° C.
Figure 16: Thermal Protective Clothing
1.4.6 Lanterns
The lanterns should be waterproof and have spare batteries and bulbs. They are
primarily used to draw attention to short distance and to communicate with other
lifeboats and rafts through Morse code.
1.4.6 Vest of lifting (Sling Rescue)
The equipment is fixed to the helicopter winch to the removal of victims aware of the
sea.
Figure 18: Vest of Lifting (Sling Rescue)
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PROCEDURES
1.4.7 Basket of transshipment
Considered as part of the salvage Equipment of the ships rigs and platforms, are
employed in emergency in the evacuation from people of the crew that are not
evolved with the structure of emergency response.
Figure 19: Transshipment Basket
1.4.8 Personal Protective Equipment - PPE
According to the Norm - NR-06, which regulates the matter, is considered Personal
Protective Equipment - PPE - every single use device, manufactured by domestic
or foreign industry, to protect the health and physical integrity of the worker.
In offshore activity to protect the worker's risk of accidents, you should use the
following personal protective equipment.
SAFETY FOOTWEAR
Protect against cuts, punctures, slipping, falling of heavy objects, heat, penetrating
objects, moisture, chemicals and others.
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Figure 20: Safety Footwear
HELMET
Safety helmet, front flap type, injected into polyethylene plastic to protect the head
against impact and penetration.
Figure 21: Safety Helmet
SAFETY GLASSES
Safety goggles made of flexible nylon bow and durable, adjustable in length to adjust
the size, lens and side shields are made in one piece of polycarbonate in colorless
lens. Protects against shrapnel, splashes molten metal, radiation and light.
Figure 22: Safety Goggle

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GLOVES
There are several models of safety gloves, used to protect workers, we find, for
example:
Knitted pigmented glove, canvas, mixed PVC, Latex, Nitrile, High Voltage, etc. They
serve to prevent skin problems, burns, cuts and scrapes.
Figure 23: Safety Gloves
SEAT BELT
In situations where the work is being carried out over the sea or in a position where
we can predict risk of falling or there is the possibility that the person being dragged
to sea by the waves, you should use a seat belt and lifejacket.
Figure 24: Seat Belt
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RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
Ensure the functioning of the respiratory equipment against gases, dusts, vapors and
metal fumes.
Figure 25: Respiratory Protection
WORKERS’ OVERALLS
To protect the trunk and upper and lower limbs.
Figure 26: Workers’ Overalls
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PROCEDURES
HEARING PROTECTION
Recommended in environments where noise is above the tolerance limits, ie, 85 dB

for eight hours of exposure.
Figure 27: Ear protectors
1.5 SYSTEM OF INTERIOR COMMUNICATIONS ON BOARD
Offshore Units, we have the following equipment to broadcast an emergency

situation:
• Telephone of bulkhead (CCTV);
• Radio talk walk;
• Emergency button (in case of fire on board);
• Intercom ("Mouth of Iron").
The one who FIRST become aware of a dangerous occurrence on board, will quickly
use up one of the means to communicate the CONTROL ROOM. The CONTROL
ROOM staff will trigger the emergency alarm, after being notified to the Local
Emergency Coordinator.
1.6 ORDERS AND INSTRUCTIONS OF THE CHAIN OF COMMAND
In a chain of command instead of the message exchange that is in the "game" are
orders on one side and obedience on the other. To make this possible you need to
set up different positions in a team. Two individuals, absolutely equal to each other,
they cannot have relationship between authority and obedience, at least not a
relationship that is stable over time. It can be seen once the hierarchy is a necessary
condition for the fulfillment of the commands.
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PROCEDURES
The board of maritime units also exist a hierarchy and the chain of command must be
respected by all. Despite the existence of various sectors or departments on board,
each with their supervisors, the commander or manager of the platform are the
highest authorities on board.
So when we want to ask something, or we have complaints, we must address

ourselves to our superiors. This if it doesn't has the autonomy to solve the problem, is
addressed to his superior and so on, until the master or manager of Platform that will
give the final answer. A place where non-compliance with orders and instructions
above would be a chaos, a total mess, where each one would make the decision that
wants, doing the service that wants, which may cause serious accidents, fights,
conflicts, and of course, lots of rework lack of communication and planning.
1.7 SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR COMBINED OPERATIONS
The combined operations involving coordinated actions among maritime units, such
as: Operation between an FPSO and Shuttle Tankers, Flotel and Stand-By Tugs. As
well as special chores such as construction and repairs on board, diving operations,
cargo handling, etc., should be planned so that their actions do not interfere in the
activities of the platform or drill ship. No operation can be made without first getting
the relevant assessments of risk, if an emergency occurs, the unit shall immediately
that one connected in operation, triggering both, procedures to reduce or eliminate
their effects.
Example of combined operations:
• Offloading, FPSO (Floating Production, Storage and Offloading units are

floating production storage and offloading) vessel with relief, that is, all
produced oil will be discharged through hose (high pressure hoses);
• Construction and repair on board: preliminary assessment of risks (e.g.

welding, cutting, etc.);
• Loading and unloading Flotel and adjacent: preliminary assessment of risks

(wind, current, etc.);
• Diving operations: preliminary assessment of risks (current, depth, locking

pumps, drains, limits of operation of vessels in the area, etc.);
• Jacket: coating operations (cover the legs of the platform, wellhead etc). A
tubular structure of support which legs serve as a template for the crimping of
the poles and the lateral bracing of the same. The stakes are driven into the
seabed by anchoring the jacket is designed to resist efforts from the waves,
wind etc. This structure can be made of metal, or concrete;
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• The depth in the local positioning of the platform does not exceed 100 to 120
meters. Brazil has several fixed platforms, jacket with metal, as Grouper and
Anchovy;
• Firefighting: preliminary assessment of risk (classes of fire, extinguishing

agents, as well as procedures);
• Evacuation: available resources and assessment prior to each use;
• Supply-boat (back loading): supply vessels, ship specially designed to supply

oil platforms. The main function of a supply ship is to transport these and other
return cargo to shore cargo tanks of drilling mud, cement powder, diesel fuel,
safe water and chemicals used in the drilling process that occupy most of
cargo spaces. Fuel, water and chemicals should be returned to land for
recycling or disposal;
• Movement of the platform: total mobilization (involving all).
Figure 28: Types of Combined Operations
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CHAPTER 2 - GUIDANCE ON SAFETY ON BOARD
2.1 KEY COMPARTIMENTS AND MAIN EQUIPMENTS ON A PLATFORM
• Deck (Deck) - horizontal divisions that form the floors of the platforms;
• Control Room – the room where it is done all the control and monitoring of the
Maritime Unit;
• Generator Room – the room where it is localized the electric Generators from
the Marine Unit;
• “Casario” – structure of the platform where we found the cabins, dining hall and
all administrative offices;
• Heliport / Helideck– place of landing and takeoff of aircraft;
• Probe - shaped structure in form of tower used for drilling and extracting oil,
supports the drill string;
• Burners (Flare) – used to burn the excess of gas from oil wells;
• Production area - where stays the equipment used in oil exploration and
pumping;
• Area Facility - where are installed the equipment and materials for daily
operation of the platform;
• Risers – tubes which are transported, oil and other materials extracted from the
seabed.
2.2 FUNCTIONAL AND HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTION

PROCESSES OF THE PLATFORM
2.2.1 Functional Structure:
• Management;
• Production;
• Storage;
• Facilities;
• Export.
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2.2.2 Hierarchical Structure
Table 02: Hierarchical Structure
FIXED SS FPSO FOREIGN

GEPLAT GEPLAT GEPLAT MASTER / OIM
COPROD COEMB COPROD/COEMB CHIEF MATE/BARGE MASTER
COMAN COMAN COMAN NAUTICAL OFFICIAL / DPO
TOOL – PUSHER
2.3 ELEMENTS OF STABILITY AND SEALING
The knowledge of the crew about the following concepts is of paramount importance
for the preservation of stability and navigation of vessels, crew safety and
preservation of equipment:
• STABILITY – is the trend that has a boat turn back to its initial position when
the force balance that made him change his position stops;
• SEALS – is the ability of the vessel does not allow entry of water into their
compartments. Every vessel is divided into watertight compartments, located
above and below the waterline;
• WATER LINE – - band painted on the hull of the ship, from bow to stern, the
waterline and the fluctuation line is the line between the immersed hull of a
ship (live works) of its immersed part (works inactive);
• LIVE WORKS –- which is part of the hull below the waterline at full load;
• TOPSIDES – is part of the hull which is above water at full load;
• LOAD-DRAUGHT - is the vertical distance between the surface water (water

line) and the lowest part of the boat (keel);
• TRIM - is the difference between the load-draught forward and reverse. When
the load-draught is greater than the fore, the vessel or platform is docked. The
Unit is supported docked, or will trim by the stern, when leaning backwards.
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Figure 29: Docked Vessel
When the forward load-draught is greater than the of the load-draught reverse, we
say that the vessel or platform is cocked or beak-shaped.
Figure 30: Beak-shaped vessel
If the load-draught are equal, we say that the ship is moderate or on paired waters.
• BAND - is the name given to the vessel when it takes to tilt to one side.
Permanent band: Is the situation in which the vessel remains inclined, due to
any situation that has affected its stability condition, for example: poor weight
distribution on the vessel.
Figure 31: Center of gravity
• SYSTEM OF BALLAST – is responsible for maintaining the stability of the

vessel, set the load-draught and manipulate the weight distribution on board;
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PROCEDURES
• WATERTIGHT DOOR – you can lock-tight, that establish or intercept
communications through watertight bulkheads;
• PLIMSOLL DISC - The mark Plimsoll is a structure painted on the hulls of

merchant ships, which indicates the maximum load to be carried safely.
Figure 32: Visual indication from the Plimsoll Disc
• TF Tropical Fresh, sweet water tropics;
• F Fresh, fresh water elsewhere;
• Tropical T salt water of the tropical sea;
• S / summer, the sea water in summer;
• W winter, the sea water in winter;
• WNA Winter North Atlantic, North Atlantic in winter.
2.4 BASIC PROCEDURES FOR EVACUATION / ABANDONMENT
2.4.1 Evacuation
Act of leaving the unit in an orderly manner, after checking the Local Emergency
Coordinator that there are probability to lose control of the emergency and to this end
is used preferentially, the external means if conditions permit.
NOTE: Upon the termination of emergency, all crew members can return to the
platform.
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PROCEDURES
2.4.2 Abandonment
Abandonment is the act of withdrawing in an orderly all the people involved in the
chores of emergencies, after the exhaustion of resources for the control, using to
transport the resources available and as warranted by the circumstances permit.
It is done when there is no hope of controlling the incident. For the withdrawal of
people will be available lifeboats, capsules, baskets overflow, inflatable rafts, aircraft
and as last option the jump in the water, etc.
Abandonment Procedures - Personal Preparation:
• Meet the passengers / crew on the Points of Meetings;
• Keep calm;
• Move quickly without running (observe the traffic rules on board);
• Dressing according with the weather;
• Wear a life jacket securely adjusting it (when already in the Meeting Point).
Causes of complications in the abandonment of the unit:
• Failure to release the lifeboat;
• To heel over;
• Smoke and flames;
• Lack of lighting;
• Uncontrolled emotional;
• Lack of staff responsible for certain duties;
• Lack of staff in the call list;
• Injuries to personnel- key;
• Injuries to the rest of the staff.
2.5 MEANS OF ESCAPE / ABANDONMENT
These means of escape are defined by the Local Coordination of Emergency as the
situation demands.
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2.5.1 In Evacuation
Helicopter
Figure 38: Helicopter
Basket of transshipment
Figure 36: Basket of transshipment
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PROCEDURES
Gangway: are used as runways from a unit to another.
Figure 37: Gangway
2.5.2 In Abandonment
Whaling type TEMPSC
Figure 32: Whaling type TEMPSC
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Liferaft
Figure 33: Liferaft
Jump in the water (last option)
Figure 39: Jump in the water
To jump into the water may be used as an option for passengers / residents jump into
the water safely, the use of Stairway Escape or chest break ladder so they can jump
the nearest possible to the sea level.
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PROCEDURES
2.6 PROCEDURES FOR BOARDING AND LANDING SAFELY IN HELICOPTER
Arrivals and departures of helicopters on board of platforms, should be made

following the guidance of one of the dispatchers or a member of the team flight, it
should always be done by the side of the aircraft at an angle of 90 º according to the
longitudinal axis of the helicopter, the visual field of drivers and always looking
closely at them or to the safety of the helipad. (Always follow the safety strips to
travel to the aircraft).
Always make sure that:
• Always use the noise protection and goggles, obey the visuals instructions of
the helideck on shipment, use the correct life jacket;
• Always be careful not to trip on Protection Network which is on the helipad;
• Points dangerous in and out of the helicopter;
• Lifejackets;
• Liferafts;
• Emergency equipment;
• Move to closer or away from the helipad only when authorized by the support
team;
• To get closer or away always slightly lowered;
• Never approach yourself of the tail rotor;
• Move by the sides inside the security area;
• Do not approach of the rotor and of the exhaust areas;
• Do not touch the antennas and the pitot static tube (pitot tube is used to detect
the relative velocity of the wind that blows against the plane) and thus
indicates the speed of the device in the air;
• Do not move about with loose objects (hat, scarves, etc.).
The danger in approaching the aircraft is in the main rotor when it starts and stops,
the tail rotor as a function of height, speed and invisibility and also with the discharge
of the turbine that emits gases.
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Figure 40: Danger Zone
Figure 41: Danger Points
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CHAPTER 3 - TECHNICAL OF SURVIVAL AT SEA
INTRODUCTION
The survival time in water will depend on the location, season, water temperature and
other factors with which the individual can increase it, and thus be saved. Remember,
no one is a survivor before the rescue, and for be rescued, its survival time must be
greater than the time that search teams will take to find it.
3.1 SALVAGE AND SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT
3.1.1 Whaling Type TEMPSC
Vessel built and equipped according to SOLAS specifications for the abandonment of
offshore units.
Figure 42: Whaling
Characteristics of the Whaling Type TEMPSC:
• Self-straighten;
• Flame retardant;
• The ship's boat shall support against a side impact the side, with a speed of at
least 3.5 m / s and a drop in water from a height of not less than 3 meters;
• Neither whaling can be built to accommodate more than 150 people;
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PROCEDURES
• The whaling should allow the shipment of your entire crew, in a maximum of 3
minutes;
• It must have a boarding ladder;
• The entrance shall allow a person born in a stretcher, can be taken on board;
• The engine should be able to run for at least 5 minutes out of water;
• The ship's boat should have an autonomy not less than 24 hours at a speed
of 6 knots;
• The number of persons that the lifeboat is permitted to bring should be

enrolled in its coverage;
• Air System (10 min.);
• Cooling system of the hull (sprinklers);
• All seats with seatbelts.
Launching of whaling
• The release can be accomplished by the helmsman and/or by the

Abandonment Team Station;
• When boarding the lifeboats everybody must be wearing life jackets;
• The shipment is only done when the lifeboat is properly positioned;
• Everyone should be seated and buckled;
• All the hatches closed, launch using the hydraulic brake;
• Do not exceed the capacity of the vessel.
Types of launching:
• Free Fall;
• Double Turkish.
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PROCEDURES
Figure 43: Launching of whaling
Procedures to be followed for abandonment by whaling:
a) Responsibility of the Skipper and its support staff (bowman):
• Provide anti seasickness pills;
• Make first aid in the injuries;
• Launch fluctuant anchor, if necessary;
• Prepare the radar reflector to be positioned on top of the whaling;
• Distribute water (after 24 hours after the first, except for the wounded and
sick);
• Operate the VHF radio;
• Use fireworks when necessary.
b) Responsibility of the passenger/resident:
• Embark guided by the Abandonment Coordinator from the team;
• Occupy your seat in the lifeboat (preferably must be occupied banks from the
fore to aft);
• Put your seatbelt and keep seated.
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PROCEDURES
3.1.2 Rafts
Liferafts
Characteristics of inflatable life rafts:
• Be resistant to repeated jumps from a height of 4.5 meters;;
• Thermic Insulation (inflatable floor);
• Available watchman;
• Two entries diametrically arranged;
• The number of persons that the liferaft is permitted to carry should be enrolled
in their coverage.
Figure 44: Cocoon of life rafts Figure 45: Liferafts
Location of the life rafts on board:
• All decks of the units (preferably near the abandonment stations);
• Stored in cocoons of fiberglass;
• Arrested for straps fixed to cradles on deck;
• Equipped with hydrostatic valve.
Launching of life rafts:
The rafts can be launched by 02 (two) distinct ways: Manual launch, and Release by
Turkish.
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PROCEDURES
1) Manual launch
In the manual launch note the following procedures:
• Observe the condition of the sea;
• Tie the cable of release at a fixed point of the platform;
• Release the liferaft from the berth, undoing the quick escape device
mechanism (hydrostatic valve);
• Do not throw the raft in places where there is presence of fire;
• Play the raft in the water.
Figure 46: Manual Launch
NOTE: Never roll the cocoon, as this may damage the original arrangement of the
liferaft.
2) Launch by a Turkish
Figure 47: Life raft launched
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PROCEDURES
Procedures in the liferaft:
Primary actions:
• Cut the cable of release and paddle taking distance (see current and wind);
• Launch the fluctuant anchor;
• Close / Open awning valances, as needed;
• Keep yourself in good condition (keep your suit as dry as possible) and the
liferaft.
Figure 48: Procedures
Secondary actions:
• Collect the castaways still in the water;
• Perform first aid if necessary;
• Assign lookouts and explain their functions;
• Distribute anti-sickness tablets;
• Make the weights distribution, not to destabilize the liferaft;
• Put in action the EPIRB and the SAR;
• Remove excess of water and dry the liferaft with the sponge, existing in the kit
called "palamenta";
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PROCEDURES
• If you are in a cold climate, keep the pelmet closed , inflate the double floor
and stay close together;
• If you are in hot weather, leave the floor empty and the valances open;
• Try to stay with other survival craft, at least 10m away. The rescue boat will
tow the boats gathering them by a cable release;
• If weather conditions permits, do the transfer the survivors and equipment to

ensure an equal distribution;
• Try to maintain morale by delegating work to colleagues and read the Survival
Guide existing in the liferaft.
Hydrostatic valve operation:
If the Maritime Unit go to the bottom, the life rafts that were not released by the
traditional methods of delivery, will be released by the operation of the
HYDROSTATIC VALVE, that between 1.5 meters and 4 meters is activated, making
the strap/cable that is fixed to the cocoon of the raft in its cradle be cut, releasing the
raft to reach the surface. About 25 meters deep into the cable release stretches
triggering the inflation system and the ferry breaking down, thus allowing the ferry to
reach the surface inflated and free.
Between 1.5 m and 4 m depth the valve is activated and cuts the cord that holds the
valve strap, freeing the cocoon. At about 25 meters activation cable stretches and
triggers the CO ² cylinder to inflating the raft, the activation cable breaks at the
weakest point.
Figure 49: Valve
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PROCEDURES
3.1.3 To turn back to the normal position a liferaft that is capsized:
If the sequence to inflate the raft, or the sea conditions capsize it, it is essential that
the maneuver for righting the position be performed quickly, allowing the raft to be
busy, preventing it from drift away fast with the wind and sea.
Figure 50: Procedures
NOTE: Be careful not to get caught by any of the cables from the bottom of the raft.
Other survivors are keeping watch for the safety of the personnel performing the
maneuver.
3.1.4 "Palamenta” (Whaling/Liferafts)
Palamenta is a set of tools and accessories available in survival craft, which aim to
safeguard the lives of the shipwrecked.
Table 4: Whaling and Liferafts set
Description Amount
Floating anchor 02
Floating anchor (attached to a buoyant cable, not inferior than 30 01
meters)
Knife with true floating 02
Buoyant bailer 02
Sponge 02
Floating Oar 02
Can opener 03
First aid box 01
Whistle 01
Rocket of signalize with parachute 04
Manual torch 06
Buoyant smoke 02
Waterproof flashlight with batteries and spare bulbs 01
Reflector radar 01
Daylight signaling mirror (mirror heliographic) 01
Copy from the Signals Rescue Table 01
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Set of fishing tackle 01
Solid feed 120 * envelopes
Liquid diet 30 liters
Graduated vessel of steel 01
Medicine against sickness 6 Doses/person
Sick bag 1 per person
Instructions of survival 01
Instructions on immediate actions 01
Thermal protective clothing 02
Set for emergency repairs 01
Manual filling pump 01
3.2 PROCEDURES OF THE CASTAWAY IN WATER
3.2.1 What to do?
After the jump in the water, swim only if it is possible to reach a survival craft or any
object that is floating;
• While alone in the water awaiting a rescue, remain in HELP position;
• As a group, adopt the HUDDLE POSITION (Circle of Survival) and try to bring
everyone to the circle in the water;
• When there are wounded, they must be willing in the center of the circle;
• Keep the search for any object that will float and can be used by the group;
• Keep a safe distance from the stricken vessel (not far away from the scene of
the accident).
3.2.2 Position H.E.L.P. (Heat Escape Lessening Posture)
The current water takes heat from the body much faster than still water and the loss
of body heat in contact with water runs 26 times faster than with the air. The human
body loses heat abundantly in the inner thigh, near the abdomen and sides of the
body.
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PROCEDURES
Figure 51: HELP Position
The HELP position helps keep the body heat and conserve energy. Keep your legs
crossed, arms close to the chest, and the hands in the pockets of the survival suit, if
any, or just cross your hands and arms on the abdominal region. This position should
be taken after the removal from the danger zone, and remains until the arrival of
rescue. This position maintained will make a castaway slowing the effects of
hypothermia.
3.2.3 HUDDLE Position and Survival Circle
The Huddle position is nothing more than the clustering of the castaways, aiming at
the union of the group so that there is no displacement or disappearance.
The Survival Circle starts from the Huddle position. It is formed by the union of the
castaways of arms twisted, forming a circle in an effort to stay together in the HELP
position, aiming:
a. Retard the loss of heat (collective warming);
b. Form a bigger target, thereby facilitating the work of search and rescue teams,
especially the air rescue teams;
c. Increase the self-esteem of the group, keeping the team spirit and the body
esprit so necessary in order to survive.
Compressed to retard heat loss and to form a highly visible target, because the color
contrast with the water makes it easy to visualize for the air rescue, in addition to
increases self-esteem of its members and provide a sense of security.
45
PROCEDURES
Figure 52: Survival Circle
3.2.4 Survival Swimming
Even wearing lifejackets is possible to use traditional methods of swimming.

However, due the functionality from the vest, current wind conditions and swimming
ability or physical condition of the wreck, it may be difficult to move away from the
danger area. To overcome these conditions apply to the SURVIVAL SWIMMING,
performing from the HELP position, this technique also protects the body temperature
and allows easy movement to any person.
Figure 53: Survival Swimming
46
PROCEDURES
3.2.5 Swimming in convoy
The use of flotation vest provides a fluctuation condition to the wreck, but not always
enough to keep him floating, may still be necessary approach of a safe place or
support.
However there are people who because they have wounds or do not have motor
coordination, cannot perform the movements of the survival swimming preventing its
movement in the water.
To help such people use the SWIMMING IN CONVOY.
Two or more people united one to another by the feet and positioned in their armpits
respective, they swim together with coordinated movement in order to promoting the
locomotion of the person with difficulty and the whole group.
Figure 54: Swimming in Convoy
This type of swimming is not effective in rough sea conditions, currents and winds,
but in good weather conditions, allows the group to move together, protecting, and
helping themselves quickly.
3.3 SELFCONTROL AND CAUTIONS TO SURVIVE
Emotional control at the time of the accident and the procedures for abandonment is
essential for success. The most important is to review the procedures and not let
when in a critical situation of abandonment, fear join the obstacles and difficulties to
overcome. The best way to avoid panic is to be prepared for emergency and it can
only be achieved with constant training.
47
PROCEDURES
3.3.1 The factors that affect the survival time are:
• Body weight - heavier and obese people survive longer than thin people;
• Clothes - prolong the survival time;
• Body position - by adopting the HELP position or group, you are protecting
yourself from hypothermia - major cause of death among the castaways;
• Existence of aid - the life jacket saves energy and the inflatable rafts keeps
the survivors out of the water, alleviating the process of Hypothermia.
3.3.2 Excessive exposure to sun
Heatstroke is a condition resulting from prolonged exposure to heat an enclosed area

and overheated.
Signs and symptoms:
You should consider the possibility of heatstroke whenever one or more of the
following symptoms appear:
• Headaches;
• Exhaustion;
• Sunburn;
• Dizziness;
• Vomiting;
• Excitation;
• Unconsciousness.
Treatment:
• Put down the victim in a cool and shady;
• Raising its head;
• Loosen his clothing;
• Place cold compresses on her head;
• Provide fresh water, if the victim is conscious;

48
PROCEDURES
• If unconscious, put it in PLS (recovery position).
3.3.3 Dehydration and thirst
Dehydrated individuals have a lower volume of blood than normal, forcing the heart
to increase the pace of your heartbeat, the medical called it tachycardia. With less
water, the skin becomes rough and mucous membranes lose turgor, getting wrinkled
and stunted appearance. The eyes may look like depth. When the lack of water
hinders the functioning of muscles, may occur feeling of weakness and heavy body. If
the lack of water reaches the brain, a person may become comatose and die.
Severe cases of dehydration impair the functioning of kidneys, whose function is to

excrete urine. When this occurs, urine volume may be dangerously low, or just get to
zero. It is not recommended intake of salt water, because this water is not drinkable
due to its high concentration of salts, which can dehydrate a person. Thus
decreasing the chances of survival from 7 to 8 times.
3.3.4 How to get water?
In case of a shipwreck, to obtain fresh water is difficult but not impossible. We can
get water through:
• From the dew: direct condensation of atmospheric moisture. Frequent

phenomenon on cold nights when the temperature falls below the dew point
can notice the formation of droplets on the awning of the raft;
• From the rain: It is important to keep a watchman on the group to observe the
weather when the clouds come over and start to rain. It is important to wash
your collector (awning boat or a makeshift funnel) before the collection itself;
• Solar distiller.
3.3.5 Food
You can get food rations through the kit or hunting and fishing using some
improvised tool to practice them.
3.3.6 Hypothermia
Occurs when the body temperature drops below 35 degrees centigrade, usually after
exposure to cold, not necessarily at extremely low temperatures. The drop in body
temperature leads to compensatory responses as cutaneous vasoconstriction
(pallor), chills, and at temperatures below 32 degrees, muscle stiffness. At this
temperature, a decrease in heart rate, blood pressure and breathing becomes slow
and shallow. At even lower temperatures, there is loss of consciousness.
49
PROCEDURES
Symptoms:
• Tremor;
• Indistinct words;
• Insensitivity;
• Cyanosis;
• Amnesia;
• Hallucination.
Treatment:
The treatment of hypothermia involves raising the body temperature of the victim.
However, first aid to someone with hypothermia should be made carefully.
• Do not massage or rub the victim;
• Do not give alcohol;
• Do not treat any ulceration caused by cold;
• Do not let the body of the victim in a upright;
• Keep the body warm;
• Monitor vital signs.
3.3.7 Injuries /ulcers
In the case of shipwreck on the ship, platform, etc, usually occurs the oil spill or a
derivative in water.
If the castaway suffered a wound or ulcer at the time of leaving the vessel, or has
some kind of exposed injury it will be to contaminated and may have:
• Intoxication;
• Vomiting;
• Eye and skin irritation;
• Ingestion of fuel;
50
PROCEDURES
• Clogged pores.
3.3.8 Shark Attack
One thing that worries many survivors, on the other side of all other factors are shark
attacks. Some actions are recommended to avoid a shark attack:
For example:
• Keep up with little movement;
• Do not make sudden movements;
• Do not make noise;
• Use repellent (if possible).
Figure 53: Shark
3.4 MEANS OF ALERT AND SIGNALIZATION
It is necessary that the castaways have some means to signal to the rescuers. There
are several devices to indicate the location of the castaways for the rescuers, among
which, the devices of signals visual distress, such as the illuminative rocket with
parachute, the hand torch, the smoke, the heliographic mirror, lantern and whistle
the latters, of course, are more restrictive.
3.4.1 Heliographic Mirror
The heliographic mirror is signaling equipment for daytime use. The experience has
shown that the mirror can be an effective mean of signaling on sunny days, providing
to the observers from a search and rescue aircraft, the possibility to see the reflection
of the mirror even before the castaways can see the aircraft by themselves.
51
PROCEDURES
So when hearing an aircraft engine noise, it is interesting that the castaways to signal
with the mirror in your direction, even if they don't see the aircraft.
Figure 54: Heliographic Mirror
3.4.2 VHF Portable Radio
The portable radios are usually used for communication of facilities or vessels. In
emergencies the radios should be brought to the lifeboats or rafts in order to maintain
contact. In an emergency, the channel 16 can be used to transmit an emergency call
using the word "MAYDAY" that should be repeated three (3) times.
Figure 55: Portable Radio
52
PROCEDURES
3.4.3 SART
The Transponder of Search and Rescue, whose acronym SART comes from the
initials of “Search and Rescue Transponder” – is a device capable of providing an
eco-radar for easily detecting radar emissions in the X band. It is the frequency
operating range of radar most used in navigation. Usually the X-band radar detects
the emission of SART equipment about eight nautical miles.
Figure 56: SART
3.4.4 EPIRB
The radio beacon that indicates the Emergency Position known by the acronym
EPIRB, from its English name - "Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon."
It's a required equipment on board of any ship and offshore installations that transmit
signals to satellites INMARSAT and COSPAS / SARSAT, which are part of the
GMDSS maritime system. The EPIRB when activated transmits a signal to be
recognized by the satellite as an emergency call. Given the signal, the operation is
initiated by the Search and Rescue Teams.
Figure 57: EPIRB
53
PROCEDURES
Figure 58: EPIRB
3.4.5 Radar Reflector
Increases the reflection of radar waves emitted by vessels and aircraft, improving the
quality of capture.
Figure 59: Radar Reflector
NOTE: Should not be used in conjunction with the SART.
54
PROCEDURES
3.4.6 Pyrotechnic signalization
They are signaling devices nocturnal and daytime used to locate shipwrecks. The
types are:
• Orange smoke;
• Manual torch;
• Rocket like parachute.
Figure 60: Pyrotechnic Signalization
The fireworks should be handled very carefully, as they are dangerous. Always read
the instructions carefully.
3.4.7 Whistle
It has the use severely restricted. Its use is often linked to the moment following the
accident at the meeting in survival craft, the indication of the direction being taken by
the castaways, especially at night where visibility is almost zero. It may also be used
for signaling within walking distance to a ship or persons located on the land. Under
favorable conditions of time, the whistle can be heard at distances from 700 to 1000
meters.
Figure 61: Whistle

55
PROCEDURES
1. What is the difference between EPIRB and SART?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. In how much time should the life jacket be putted on?
a) 30 seconds
b) 2 minutes
c) 1 minute
d) 10 seconds
3. Name four (4) dangers that the castaways are subject.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. List the precautions that we should adopt in the treatment of hypothermia.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. What is dehydration?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
56
PROCEDURES
6. If the person drink sea water, their survival is reduced to:
a) 20-26 times
b) 7-8 times
c) 16-20 times
d) 4-12 times
7. Mention three difficulties that may occur during an abandonment?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
8. What are the existing resources on the platforms used in situations that
require the abandonment of the Unit?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
9. Cite 4 (four) types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) used by offshore

workers.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
10. Cite 4 (four) types of emergencies.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
57
PROCEDURES
ANNEX 2 - EXAMPLE OF MASTER TABLE
58
NOTES
All duties reserved: No part from this document can be reproduced, stored or introduced in a recuperation system, or other way
transmitted, by means (electronics, mechanical, photocopy, record or other) or purpose, without write permission from West Group.
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
NOTES
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY
AIT - Atestado de Inscrição Temporária / Temporary Certificate of Registration;
AJB - Águas Jurisdicionais Brasileiras / Brazilian Jurisdictional Waters;
ALPH - Agente de Lançamento e Pouso de Helicóptero / Launch Agent and

Helicopter Landing;
AP - Água Pressurizada / Pressurized Water;
CAVO – Equipe de Controle de Avarias / Team of Damage Control;
CAB - Compressão; Abrir vias aéreas; Boa ventilação / Compression; Open

airway; Good ventilation;
CIPA - Comissão Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes / Internal Commission for

Accident Prevention;
COSPAS / SARSAT – Sistema de satélites russos e americanos / System of

Russian and American Satellites
DPC - Diretoria de Portos e Costas / Directorate of Ports and Coasts;
DESA - Desfibrilador Externo Semi-automático / Semi-Automatic External

Defibrillator
DEA - Desfibrilador Externo Automático / Automatic External Defibrillator;
EPIRB – Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon / Posição de

Emergência Indicadora de Rádio Baliza;
EMCIA - Equipe de Manobra de Combate a Incêndio em Aeronave / Maneuver

Team of Fire Fighting in Aircraft;
EPI - Equipamento de Proteção Individual / Personal Protective Equipment;
EPR - Equipamentos de Proteção Respiratória / Respiratory Protective

Devices;
FPSO – Floating Production Storage and Off-loading / Armazenamento de

Produção Flutuante e Descarga;
FSO – Floating Storage and Offloading / Armazenamento de Flutuantes e

Descarga;
GLOSSARY
FISPQ - Ficha de Informações de Segurança de Produto Químico / Information

Sheet of Safety of Chemical Products;
GEPLAT – Gerente da Plataforma / Manager of the Platform;
GMDSS – Global Maritime Distress & Safety System / Perigo Marítimo Global e
Sistema de Segurança;
GSSTB - Grupo de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho a Bordo de navios

mercantes / Group of Health and Safety at Work on board of Merchant Ships;
HELP – Heat Escape Lessening Posture / Escape de Calor e Diminuição da

Postura
IPVS - Imediatamente Perigosa à Vida e Saúde / Immediately Dangerous to

Life and Health
IMO – International Maritime Organization / Organização Marítima Internacional
ISPS CODE - Código Internacional para Proteção de Navios e Instalações

Portuárias / International Code for Security of Ships and Port Installations;
INMARSAT – Sistema de satélite geoestacionário que recebe informação de

um EPIRB / Geostationary satellite system that receives information from an
EPIRB;
JSA – Job Safety Analysis / Análise de Segurança do Trabalho;
LSA – Life Saving Appliance / Aplicação de Salva-vidas
LSE – Limite Superior de Explosividade / Upper explosion limit
LSI – Limite Superior de Inflamabilidade / Upper Limit
LIE – Limite Inferior de Explosividade / Lower Explosive Limit
LII – Limite Inferior de Inflamabilidade / Lower limit of Flammability
MODU - Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit / Unidade Móvel de Perfuração Offshore
MTE - Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego / Ministry of Labor and Employment
MARPOL - Maritime Pollution Convention (Convenção Internacional para

Prevenção da Poluição por Navios;
NR – Norma Regulamentadora / Regulatory Norm
GLOSSARY
NFPA – National Fire Protection Association / Associação Nacional de

Prevenção de Incêndio;
OIM – Gerente de Instalação Offshore / Offshore Installation Manager;
OIT - Organização Internacional do Trabalho / International Labor Organization;
PTE - Permissão de Trabalho e Entrada / Work Permit and Entry;
PEI - Plano de Emergência Individual / Individual Emergency Plan;
PLS – Posição Lateral de Segurança / Lateral Position Security;
PNT – Profissional Não Tripulante / No Crew Professional;
PSE - Primeiros Socorros Elementar / Elementary First Aid;
PCR - Parada Cardiorrespiratória / Cardio respiratory Resuscitation;
PCMSO - Programa de Controle Médico e Saúde Ocupacional / Medical

Control Program and Occupational Health;
PPRA - Programa de Prevenção de Riscos Ambientais / Program for the

Prevention of Environmental Risks;
PT - Permissão de Trabalho / Work Permit;
PPM - Partes por Milhões / Parts per million;
PSC - Port State Control / Controle do Estado sobre embarcações de bandeira

estrangeira;
RCP - Ressuscitação Cardiopulmonar / CPR Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation;
SART – Search And Rescue Transponder / Transponder de Busca e Resgate;
SCQ - Superfície do Corpo Queimada / Surface of the Body Burn;
SNC - Sistema Nervoso Central / Central Nervous System;
SPR - Segurança Social e Responsabilidade Social / Social Security and Social

Responsibility;
SIPAT - Semana Interna de Prevenção de Acidentes do Trabalho / International

Week for the Prevention of Occupational Accidents;
GLOSSARY
SOLAS - International Convention for the Safety Of Life At Sea / Convenção

Internacional para a Salvaguarda da Vida Humana no Mar;
SOPEP - Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan / Plano de Emergência

contra Poluição a Bordo;
SESMT - Serviço Especializado em Engenharia de Segurança e Medicina do

Trabalho / Specialized Safety Engineering and Occupational Medicine;
STCW - International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and

Watchkeeping for Seafarers / Convenção Internacional sobre Normas de
Formação, Certificação e Serviço de Quartos para os Marítimos;
TEMPSC – Totally Enclosed Motor Propelled Survival Craft / Motor Totalmente

Fechado Impulsionado a Embarcação de Sobrevivência;
TF – Tropical Fresh / Tropical fresco;
TPA – Roupa de Proteção Térmica / Thermal Protective Clothing;
TCE - Traumatismo Cranioencefálico / Brain Trauma;
TRM - Traumatismo Raquimedular / Spinal Cord Trauma;
VHF – Very High Frequency / Freqüência Muito Alta;
WNA – Winter North Atlantic/Inverno do Atlântico Norte;
ZEE - Zona Econômica Exclusiva / Exclusive Economic Zone.
GLOSSARY

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BASIC COURSE OF SAFETY OF PLATFORM

Company Details for Booking and Enquiries

© All duties reserved: No part from this document can be reproduced,

The examples of companies, organizations, products, e-mails

2. The slowly reading makes that at the end of a

4. Study without distraction. Find a way to

5. Underline with intelligence. Underlining is an art

7. Do not interrupt the Reading, the text sequence

10. Pronounce the words: “I will study two pages”,

11. Many repetitions will help you to fix the content.

14. Alimentation is the life energy, seek food that

FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING

CHAPTER 1 - FIRE PREVENTION ................................................................. 4

1.1. COMBUSTION THEORY .......................................................................................... 4

CHAPTER 2 - FIRE FIGHTING ..................................................................... 17

2.1 FIRE CLASSIFICATION........................................................................................... 17

CHAPTER 3 – FIREFIGHTING ORGANIZATION ........................................ 34

3.1 FIRE FIGHTING ON BOARD AND MASTER TABLE FUNCTIONS ........................ 34

ANNEX OF FIXING EXERCISES ................................................................. 41

CHAPTER 1 – FIRST AID INTRODUCTION................................................... 5

1.1 BASIC RULES FOR EMERGENCY SITUATIONS .................................................... 5

CHAPTER 2 - THE HUMAN BODY .............................................................. 16

2.1 STRUCTURE OF BONE AND MUSCLE .................................................................. 16

CHAPTER 3 - FIRST AID PROCEDURES.................................................... 23

3.1 BASIC LIFE SUPPORT ............................................................................................ 23

ANNEX OF FIXING EXERCISES ................................................................. 52

CHAPTER 1 – SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND HUMAN RELATIONS ON

1.1 BASIC ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION .............................................................. 8

CHAPTER 2 - SAFETY WORK ON BOARD ................................................. 23

2.1 PURPOSE OF THE REGULATION NORM - NR-30 ................................................ 23

CHAPTER 3 - POLLUTION PREVENTION AND SUPERVISION ................ 44

ANNEX OF FIXING EXERCISES ................................................................. 52

ANNEX 2 – REGULATION NORMS - MTE ................................................... 54

CHAPTER 1 - PROCEDURES AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS ................. 6

1.1 TYPES OF EMERGENCIES ....................................................................................... 6

CHAPTER 2 - GUIDANCE ON SAFETY ON BOARD ................................... 26

2.1 KEY COMPARTIMENTS AND MAIN EQUIPMENTS ON A PLATFORM ................ 26

CHAPTER 3 - TECHNICAL OF SURVIVAL AT SEA .................................... 36

3.1 SALVAGE AND SURVIVAL EQUIPMENT .............................................................. 36

ANNEX OF FIXING EXERCISES ................................................................. 56

ANNEX 2 - EXAMPLE OF MASTER TABLE ................................................ 58

The Participant Manual is applied to the training in prevention and firefighting to

The course meets the requirements of NORMAM-24/DPC. And the following

West Group Treinamentos Industriais Ltda

CHAPTER 1 - FIRE PREVENTION

1.1. COMBUSTION THEORY

For didactic purposes we created a geometric abstraction, called the FIRE

Figure 1: Fire Triangle

1.1.1 Elements of the Combustion

As we have seen, today are considered four elements of combustion:

Combustible, burning, heat and chain reaction.

Atmospheric air is composed of:

• 0.03% of carbon dioxide;

• 0.91% of rare and noble gases.

Regarding the level of oxygen concentration in a given environment, the combustion

There will be no combustion

c. Heat (energy of activation)

The chain reaction provides self-sustentation of burning.

Notable points of Combustion

Figure 3: Flammable Mixture

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME SUBSTANCES

1.2 COMBUSTION PHENOMENON

Occurs when combustion takes place in confined compartments, resulting in the

1.3 PRINCIPLES OF FIRE PREVENTION ON BOARD