SALVE A. VENTURA
Large
ABUTLI1S/ARC186-A
Different Types of
Pipes
Pipes are used for
carrying gas, cold and
hot water, and other
liquids from one place to
another safely. Different
types of pipes are used in
different circumstances.
Pipes types are selected
on the basis of work and
suitability, and their
prices are also taken into
account.
1. Cast Iron Pipe:
Cast Iron pipe is widely
used for city water-
distribution
systems because of its
high resistance to
corrosion and
consequent long life.
Size: Cast iron pipe is made
from pig iron. Such pipes
are normally made from 5
cm to 120 cm in diameter.
Under normal conditions,
a cast iron pipe can be
expected to last 100
years.
2. Galvanized Iron Pipe
(G.I).
G.I pipes are made of mild
steel sheet. Its length-
wise joint is Welded Seam
Type. G.I pipe is used to
supply water, gas or any which is not visible.
other liquid inside the pipes have riveted joint or
building. welded joint
5. Copper Pipe.
Size: 12 mm ( 0.5 inches) to Copper pipes are made of
15 cm ( 6 inches) in
small diameter. Since
diameter. They are copper does not admit
available in 6 meters ( 20
rust, so these pipes are
feet) length.
durable. However, as
copper is costly,
3. Wrought Iron Pipe therefore, they are used
in limited places.
.
These types of pipes are
generally used to carry
hot water or steam. They
do not bend or sag even
at high temperature.
These types of pipes are
like G. I. Pipes. They are
also used to carry water,
gas or
The only difference
between wrought iron
pipe and G.I is that
wrought iron pipes are
prepared by welding
wrought iron sheet. In 6. Plastic Pipe.
addition, seamless pipes
are also made.
The weight of such pipe is
less. Cutting, threading,
and bending of this pipe is
quite easy. To join such
pipes following joints These pipes – which
are used: includes rubber and P. V.
(i) Socket Joint C. pipes – are used for the
(ii) Flanged Joint supply of water, acidic
(iii) Welded Joint water, and alkaline
water. Hot water should
not be carried out.
4. Steel Pipe.
These pipes are joined
using a thread joint or
socket is joined with a
solution. Such pipes are
not rusted. They are light
in weight. Cutting,
bending, and jointing are
easy for these pipes.
Steel pipes are used to
carry water, gas or
certain other liquid from
one place to the other
under pressure. These
pipes are made from steel
sheets.
Small pipes have welded
joint along the length
7. Asbestos Cement Pipe.
The asbestos pipe is made
from asbestos, silica,
and cement converted
under pressure to a
dense, homogeneous
material possessing
considerable strength.
The asbestos fiber is
thoroughly mixed with
the cement and serves as
reinforcement.
This type of pipe is
available in diameters of
from 4 to 36 inches in 13-
ft lengths. The pipe is
made in various grades,
the strongest being
intended for internal
pressures up to 200 psi.
8. Concrete Pipe.
The Pre-cast Concrete
pipe is available in sizes up
to 72 inches diameter, and
sizes up to 180 inches
have been made on special
order.
Precast Concrete pipes
are reinforced except in
sizes under 24 inches
diameter. The
reinforcement may take
the form of spirally
wound wire or elliptical
boom.
Types of fittings Caps & Plugs
Adapters
Brass Flare x MIPS PVC Cap
Adapter
Caps are, surprisingly
enough, used to cap a pipe
Adapters are used to
end. Plugs do pretty much
extend runs, or to simply
the same thing, but
change the connection
usually fit inside the
type at the end of a pipe.
fitting, and are threaded
This allows dissimilar
to allow for future use
pipes to be connected,
of the pipe. Caps can be
without the need for a
threaded, glued, or
more involved setup.
soldered onto pipe
(depending on its
Adapters are available in
material).
most all standard
materials: ABS, brass,
copper, CPVC, malleable Couplings
(galvanized and black),
PVC, and stainless steel.
Bushings
Chrome Coupler
A coupling is used to
extend the run of a pipe,
Stainless Steel Bushing or change pipe sizes (in
the case of a reducing
Bushings are used to join coupling, also sometimes
pipes of different sizes, called a "bell" reducer
usually by reducing a due to its shape).
larger fitting down to a Available with female
smaller pipe. Bushings are threads, or unthreaded
usually - not always - for either plastic gluing
threaded both inside and (solvent welding) or
out, and take up very copper soldering, these
little space compared to are among the most-used
a coupling or union, of fittings.
which accomplish the
same goal. Offered in: ABS, brass,
chrome-plated brass,
Offered in: ABS, brass, copper, CPVC, malleable
chrome-plated brass, (galvanized and black),
copper, CPVC, malleable PVC, and stainless steel.
(galvanized and black),
PVC, and stainless steel. Elbows
Copper 90° Elbow
If you need to change the
direction of flow, elbows
are likely your best bet.
Produced primarily in 90
and 45 degree angles
(unique sizes like 22.5 and
60 are also available),
elbows can be threaded
or sweated, and are one
of the most crucial
fittings used in
plumbing. Street
elbows feature male and
female threaded ends to
easily connect differing
pipes or
Available in: ABS, brass,
chrome-plated brass,
copper, CPVC, malleable
(galvanized and black),
PVC, and stainless steel.
Flanges
Black Iron Floor Flange
Flanges are used to
connect pipes. Pipe is
threaded or welded to
the flanges, which are
then sealed together
(usually with bolts).
Flange connections are
used extensively in
industrial applications
handling high pressures.
They can also be found
connecting residential
pump systems. "Closet"
(or toilet) flanges are
found in the home
mounting the toilet to the
floor and drain beneath.
Offered in: brass, copper,
malleable (galvanized and
black), and PVC (for
closet/toilet flanges).
Nipples
Chrome Pipe Nipple
Nipples are a short stub essentially the
of pipe, male-threaded at combination of two tees.
each end, that are used to Many opt to use two tees
connect straight pipe instead.
runs. Close nipples are
threaded from each end Crosses are available in
along their whole length brass, malleable
for particularly tight (galvanized and black),
connections. and PVC.
Available in: brass, Saddle Tees
chrome-plated brass,
copper, malleable
(galvanized and black),
PVC, and stainless steel.
Tees
PVC Saddle Tee
These fittings are used to
quickly add a tee to an
existing length of pipe,
without having to cut and
Brass IPS Tee re-solder what's there.
Most often, this takes
When more than one place with irrigation
branch is required of a systems to add a new
water supply, tees are the sprinkler line. Also
way to go. Essentially a referred to as snap-tees,
long coupling with an saddles are glued to the
outlet on the side, these pipe, and after setting,
fittings feature their the new hole is drilled.
outlets at 90° from the
inlet, and are sized
Saddle tees are offered
according to their "run" only in PVC.
(the horizontal, or
straight-through
Unions
dimension of the fitting),
and the side outlet (the
"top" of the fitting, 90
degrees off the run).
When the run of a tee is
smaller than the side
outlet, it's often
referred to as a "bull
head" fitting. CPVC Union
Tees are offered in ABS, Unions are an alternative
brass, chrome-plated to couplings, when the
brass, copper, CPVC, latter are impractical or
malleable (galvanized and inconvenient. Whereas
black), PVC, and stainless couplings (when not
steel. soldered) need to have
pipe threaded into them,
Crosses unions rely upon their
own nut to create a seal
between the pipe ends.
They are available in in
brass, chrome-plated
brass, copper, CPVC,
malleable (galvanized and
black) PVC, and stainless
steel.
Galvanized Cross
"Cross" fittings are 4-way
fittings that are
Wyes
ABS Wye
Wyes are primarily
drainage fittings, and
feature a 45° branch line
designed to keep flow
smooth. While sanitary
tees are used with
vertical drain
connections, they can
cause problems when
used flat on a horizontal
connection: those
situations call for a wye.
These are available in
brass, ABS, and PVC.
Common Fitting Materials
ABS
ABS 60° Elbow
Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene, a black plastic
used in drainage, sewer,
waste and vents. ABS
pipe/fittings as well as
PVC have replaced much
of the cast iron, lead, and
steel pipes formerly used
for DWV. Important to
note is that no solvent
cement (or primer) can
totally "glue" (solvent
weld) ABS to PVC plastic.
Brass
Brass Fitting Extender
Made with a mixture of
metal alloys: mostly
copper and zinc, as well
as small amounts of lead,
tin, manganese, nickel,
aluminum or iron. Brass
fittings used for potable
water usually have
approximately 62-65%
copper, 30-35% zinc and
very small percentages
of tin and lead. Brass
works particularly well
in hot water
Copper
Copper Bushing
Reddish-brown, non-
ferrous metal widely
used for household
plumbing pipes. Copper is a
relatively soft and often
thin material, making
threading difficult. As a
result, most copper
fittings are not threaded,
and must be soldered to
copper pipe.
CPVC
CPVC Reducing Tee
Chlorinated Polyvinyl
Chloride is a plastic
product designed for
drinking water at
temperatures up to 180
degrees (where code
permits), and can
generally withstand
higher temperatures than
standard PVC. The CPVC
fittings we offer will not
glue on PVC schedule 40
pipe.
Malleable (Galvanized or
Black)
Black Iron Side Outlet
Tee
Made from steel. Black
iron is mostly used in gas
and oil applications, and
is often coated with
black paint or lacquer.
Galvanized fittings are
coated with zinc to
protect against rust and
corrosion. Galvanized
piping was widely used for
home plumbing in the past,
but no longer,
PVC
PVC Coupling
A rigid, generally white
plastic pipe. Used for
waste and vent systems as
well as cold water
(underground) supplies
outside of the house as
well as used for
sprinkler and irrigation
pipes, sewers, drains,
wastes and venting pipes
and fittings. PVC in the
plumbing business is
generally white (Sch 40)
but sometimes comes in
other colors (in our
industry gray is the
second most popular,
Stainless Steel
Stainless Steel Lock Nut
A combination of iron that combine a toilet is a valve controlling
alloys and chromium, seat with a bidet, which the release of
stainless steel is durable may be electronic, are a liquid or gas.
and offers excellent available.
rust and corrosion sink
resistance. Stainless
Trench drain
steel comes in many types,
with 304 and 316 being
the most used in plumbing.
Both are rated to
pressures of 150 psi, with
type 316 steel providing
greater protection
against chemical
corrosion. also known by other
names
including sinker, washbo
is a specific type of floor wl, hand basin and wash
Types of fixtures drain containing a
basin—is a bowl-
dominant trough- or shaped plumbing
channel-shaped body. It is
bathtub, bath,or tub fixture used for
used for the rapid
washing hands, dishwashi
evacuation of surface
ng, and other purposes.
water or for the
Sinks have taps (faucets)
containment of utility that supply hot and cold
lines or chemical spills.
water and may include a
spray feature to be used
SIZE:1 inch (25 mm) to for faster rinsing
2 feet in width, with
depths that can reach 4
shower
feet (120 cm).
is a large or small
container for holding Drinking fountain
water in which a person
or animal may bathe. Most
modern bathtubs are
made
of thermoformed acrylic,
porcelain
enameled steel, fiberglas
s-reinforced polyester, is a place in which a
or porcelain person bathes under
enameled cast iron. A a spray of typically warm
bathtub is usually placed or hot water. Indoors,
in a bathroom either as a there is a drain in the
also called a water floor. Most showers
stand-alone fixture or in fountain, is
conjunction with have temperature, spray
a fountain designed to pressure and adjustable
a shower. provide drinking water. It showerhead nozzle.
consists of a basin with
Bidet either continuously
running water or a tap. urinal
The drinker bends down
to the stream of water
and swallows water
directly from the stream.
SIZE:

Tap

is a sanitary plumbing
fixture for urination only
is a plumbing fixture or . Urinals are often
type of sink intended provided in public
for washing the genitalia, toilets for male users
perineum, inner buttocks, in Western
and anus of the human countries (less so
body. It may be located in Muslim countries).
next to the toilet in
the toilet room. Fixtures
flush toilet

is a toilet that disposes

of human excreta (urine
and feces) by using water
to flush it through a
drainpipe to another
location for disposal,
thus maintaining a
separation between
humans and their excreta.
Flush toilets can be
designed for sitting (in
which case they are also
called "Western" toilets)
or for squatting, in the
case of squat toilets.