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WHAT IS BLACKOUT?
•A blackout refers to the total loss of power to
an area and is the most severe form of power
outage that can occur.
Cascade !
Cascading events that cause disturbances to propagate
• Sequential tripping due to overloads, power swings,
and voltage fluctuations
• Protection mis-operation & incorrect settings
involved in ~70% of blackout events in North
America
• Inadequate or faulty EMS/SCADA system
• E.g. alarm burst causing 2003 U.S. blackout
more serious
• Insufficient reactive support where and when
required
Inability
The •leading of operators
cause to prevent
of the blackout further propagation
is: Inadequate System
Understanding & lack of situational awareness
INDIA BLACKOUT 2012 OVERVIEW
• Gap between power demanded and power generated
was 9% in avg.
• Due to late monsoon hydro power plants generated
less.
• Intense heat caused more electricity usage.
• Farmers in Punjab and Haryana used electric pump for
irrigation=>more pressure on grid.
• 400 kV Bina-Gwalior line tripped. As this line fed into
the Agra-Bareilly transmission section, station failed
and power failure cascaded through grid.
• Previously overloaded grid caused cascading more
rapid.
HOW TO REDUCE BLACKOUT????
To reduce the risks of blackouts we need to improve the
engineering state.
Join/split nodes:
Smart grid
A smart grid puts information and
communication technology into electricity
generation, delivery, and consumption, making
systems cleaner, safer, and more reliable and
efficient.
U.S. Department of Energy Definition:
A smart grid integrates advanced sensing
technologies, control methods, and integrated
communications into the current electricity grid.
Grid Modernization
Today’s Tomorrow’s
Electricity … Choices …
Power park
e-
Fuel Cell
Hydroge
Wind n Storage Remot
Farm Industrial e
s DG Loads
Fuel Cell
Rooftop
Photovoltai e- SMES
cs
Smart
Substation
Load as a
resource Combined Heat
and Power
Smart Grid requirements
Applications supporting
reliability and efficiency
network management
underground cyber security
power cables outage management
remote fault location
increasing grid capacity:
asset utilization,
power flow control
energy storage
meter data based grid operation with
stationary & mobile local balancing of
outage management distributed
emergency power distributed resources
generation
peak power - Microgrids
Smart Grid Drivers for India
Integrate
Renewable/Distributed
Generation to the Grid
efficiently
THE END!!!!
SO BE AWARE WHEN WE
USE ELECTRICITY AND
THE WORLD WILL BE A
BETTER AND SAFE
PLACE!!!