EECE 591-63

DIRECT ENERGY CONVERSION

LECTURE 1: INTRODUCTION

FALL 2014

Slides by: Dr. Mahmoud Amin

ECE Dep., Manhattan College
Information
 Class: LEO 252  Text(s)
 Schedule  Course slides
 MO 06:30pm-09:20pm  Rosa, Fundamentals of Renewable
 Office: RLC 303 Energy Processes
 Topics
 Phone: (718) 862 7928
 Introduction
 Email: mahmoud.amin@manhattan.edu
 Energy Sources (Heat, Hydro, PV, FC,
 Objectives
Wind)
 To discuss the principles and  Energy Conversion (Mechanical,
technologies for converting different Chemical, Electrical)
forms of energy into electricity via
solid-state devices.  Power Electronics Topologies

 Evaluation  Control techniques (Voltage, Current,

Power)
 HW: 20% Ex. and/or Pr: 40%
 Matlab Simulink
 Project and/or Paper: 40%
 Paper Publications
Information
Main Areas of EE

 Communications
 VLSI (very large scale integration)
 Signal processing
 Biomedical engineering
 Computer engineering
 Controls
 Power engineering
 Electromagnetics
 Mechatronics
 Control Systems

Distributed controls
Arrays of sensors and processors
o Automobile engine and traction, control systems
o Industrial process controls
o Traffic/flow controls
Microcontrollers and embedded systems
o User doesn’t see it but it is there!
o Chip design, programming, PCB, etc.
Traditional lines of computer engineering, chip design,
controls and systems are blurred
Example of Aircraft Control
 Introduction/Course Description
 Our goal in this course is to introduces principles and technologies for
converting different forms of energy into electricity via solid-state
devices.
 The first part of the course discusses electric energy conversion and
electric materials, wind, fuel cells, batteries, and photovoltaics.
 The second part of the course discusses solar thermal technologies.
Various solar heat collection systems will be reviewed, followed by an
introduction to the principles of solar thermophotovoltaics and solar
thermoelectrics.
 Spectral control techniques, which are critical for electrical systems,
will be discussed.
 The active and reactive power injection control approaches and the
principles of power injection in terms of converting technologies and
bidirectional flow between hybrid AC/DC power systems will be
covered.
Energy Link Integration Methodologies
DC-link integration

 The integration of multiple renewable energy sources can be considered

as connections of distributed generation (DG) resources.
dc-link
DC-loads

60 Hz grid

Wind Fly Battery

ac-loads
Generator PVs Wheel storage

Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Simple synchronism • Current recirculation
• Lower losses • Higher cost
• No transformers • Complex galvanic isolation
AC-link integration

 The integration of multiple renewable energy sources can be considered

as connections of distributed generation (DG) resources.

ac-link
AC Loads &
VAR
Components
60 Hz
grid

Wind Fly Battery ac-loads

Generator PVs Wheel Storage

Advantages: Disadvantages:
• Easy galvanic isolation • Rigorous synchronism
• Easy multi-voltage matching • EMC concerns
• Easier power injection • Skin & proximity effects
HFAC-link integration

 The integration of multiple renewable energy sources can be considered

as connections of distributed generation (DG) resources.

Disadvantages:
Advantages:
• Higher cost
• Less harmonics
• Complex control & EMC concerns
• Higher efficiency
• Future advances dependency of
• Larger power density
power electronics components
• This section addresses the utilization of multi input boost converter operation (MIBC) to
provide new possibilities for improving present control strategies and performance.

MIBC
DC-Bus Inverter-Grid
Subsystem
Bus 5

G
Sdc
Alternate Resources &
Energy Storage

AC Generation Sac

208 VL-L/400 VDC

DC Generation
DC/AC Isolation
Transformer
DC-
Local Local
Loads Loads
Battery
Pulse Load
DC MicroGrid Test Bed Setup
 Power Flow Control of Bidirectional Power
Sensor Converters for Grid-Connected Renewable
modules Energy System

Ac Protection Filter Converter

DC Bus Load
Supply Module Module Module

DC
Supply
System Modulesodules

 Protection Module
 Filter Module
 Driver Board Module
 Converter Module
 DC Bus Module
 Sensor Module
 Transistor Module
 PROTECTION MODULE

 Designed as a means to protect our power system

from any over current due to errors present in other
areas of the circuit.
 Also serves as a connection from AC grid to DC
converter.
 3 three phase circuit breakers
 1 solid state AC relay
 1 solid state DC relay
 Fuses connected in series with circuit breakers
FILTER
Implementation
MODULE

 3-φ line filters for AC to DC converter

 Role of the inductors
 DC bus
 PurposeBOARD MODULE
DRIVER

 Used to control the SiC (Silicon Carbide) IGBT

(Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor)
 Digital signals (On and Off) are used to control the SiC
IGBT
 Provide isolation between signal circuit side and
power circuit side
 Electrical signals is transfer from one isolated circuit to
another isolated circuit
 A device known as opto-isolator is used to transmit this
electrical signal using light
 Test Bed for each Driver Circuit
Power
Supply
12V

Power
Supply Gate
GND

Source
D Space
10V (PWM)

D Space
GND

Cree CRD-001
Test Results on Oscilloscope
Driver Circuit Board
CONVERTER
DC Converter
MODULE

• Functions
• Operations
Parts

 Switches
 Heat Sink with Fan
 Heat Sensor
 RC Snubber Circuit
 Female Connectors
 Wires
Advantages / Disadvantages

 Advantages
 HighSwitching Frequency
 Occupy Less Space

 Disadvantages
 Cost

 Damaged Switches
Parts

 Cooper Bars
 Plexiglas
 Banana Jacks
 L Brackets
DC
DCBUS
Bus MODULE

 Cooper Bars • Schematic • Finished Product

 Plexiglas
 Banana Jacks
 L Brackets
SENSOR
Desgin MODULE

 +/- 15 volt source

 Ground
 Five current sensors
 Five Voltage sensors
TRANSISTOR
Purpose MODULE

 Provide amplification of 10V to 15V

 D Space provides 10V maximum output
 Semikron Module requires 15V input to control the
switches
Partial Signal Amplification Circuit Board
Schematic
Signal Amplification Circuit Board
Overall System
Research Topics
IEEE Transactions on:
 Sustainable Energy

 Energy Conversion

 Smart Grid (Cyber Security)

 PV

 Power Electronics

 Industrial Electronics

 Industry Applications

 Power Delivery