DC FAST CHARGING

STATION FOR ELECTRIC

VEHICLE
 OBJECTIVE
• To design a converter with high voltage gain.
• To reduce low input current ripple.
• To create fast charger with high power density and good efficiency
 INTRODUCTION
• Increased problem of air pollution has led automotive industry to
develop clean and efficient fuel based transportation and Electric
Vehicles (EVs) appear to be the most suitable alternatives to
conventional IC engine based vehicles.
• Fast charging of EVs is required to make EVs widely accepted as
charging time is the key barrier standing in the way of widespread
acceptance of EVs.
• Different strategies have been proposed for the deployment and
integration of public fast charging, emphasizing on the power quality
aspects and charging load management techniques.
 LITERATURE SURVEY
S.N AUTHOR TITLE
O
1 F. Musavi, M. Evaluation and efficiency
Edington, W. comparison of front end ac-dc
Eberle, plug-in hybrid charger
topologies
2 M. Yilmaz and P. Review of battery charger
T. Krein, topologies, charging power
levels, and infrastructure for
plug-in electric and hybrid
vehicles
3 G. Gamboa, C. Control strategy of a multi-
Hamilton, R. port, grid connected, direct-dc
Kerley, pv charging station for plug-in
electric vehicles
JOURNAL & YEAR DISADVANTAGE
IEEE Transactions on Addressing the problem of
Smart grid, 2012. power demand
IEEE Transactions on A complex problem is
Power Electronics, transformed into a set of
2013. less memory-exhaustive
quasi-independent
problems.
Energy Conversion It is difficult to improve
Congress and sustainable development in
Exposition (ECCE), charging systems
2010 IEEE.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

S.N AUTHOR TITLE JOURNAL & YEAR DISADVANTAGE

O
4 P. Goli and W. Pv integrated smart charging IEEE Transactions on Need to improve the
Shireen, of phevs based on dc link Smart Grid, 2014. control performance in
voltage sensing terms of power balance.
5 S. Mishra, R. Inverse watkins–johnson IEEE Transactions on Its difficult to avoiding
Adda, and A. Joshi topology based inverter Power Electronics, overload and power loss
2012. occur.
 EXISTING SYSTEM

• Previous PV charging stations, it requires controlling at least three different power electronic
converters to charge PHEVs. Each converter needs an individual controller, which increases
complexity and power losses of the system.

• However, a large-scale penetration of PHEVs may add more pressure on the grid during charging
periods. Therefore, charging stations with PV as an additional power source become a feasible
solution.

• HBC controller design assumes that the hybrid converter is connected to a stiff dc voltage source.
Hence, the function of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for PV systems is not yet
developed for HBC.
 PROPOSED SYSTEM

• To propose a control design and power management for a DC fast charging station for EV
(Electric vehicle) by use of renewable source.

• This fast charging station charges PHEVs using power from PV panel.

• In this project to monitor the voltage and control the voltage in solar panel using
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) technique.

• To charging and discharging the voltage in battery by using bidirectional converter.

• To control DC distribution loads by using embedded technology.

 BLOCK DIAGRAM
DC bus
Solar
DC/DC AC/DC
panel

Voltage Opto Vehicle

Buck/boost Battery
measurement coupler charger

V/I
measurement Opto Voltage
coupler measurement

Micro controller
 DESCRIPTION
• This system proposed DC fast charging for electric vehicle. To implement this
project by using renewable energy like solar panel.
• To charging the vehicle by using solar, battery and AC source. Solar panel is
connected to DC/DC converter. It is used to boost the solar voltage from solar
panel.
• Battery is also connected to buck/boost converter. AC source is converted to DC
and is given to battery. These DC sources are used to charge the vehicle.
Controller used PIC16F877A controller.
• This system to measure the solar voltage and is given to controller. Then to
measure the voltage and current from battery and is given to controller.
• Controller receiver the data and to control the converter switches through opto
driver unit.
CIRCUIT
Microcontroller – PIC16F877A
• The PIC16F877A is the powerful CMOS Flash based 8-bit Microcontroller.
And it is architecture into an 40 bin package.

• The PIC16F877A features 256 bytes of EEPROM data memory, self

programming, an ICD, 2 Comparators, 8 channels of 10-bit Analog-to-
Digital (A/D) converter, 2 capture/compare/PWM functions, the
synchronous serial port can be configured as either 3-wire Serial Peripheral
Interface or the 2-wire Inter-Integrated Circuit bus and a Universal
Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART).

• All of these features make it ideal for more advanced level A/D applications
in automotive, industrial, appliances and consumer applications.
Pin diagram
Why PIC is used?
• High speed
• High performance RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) CPU
• Instruction Set simplicity
• Integration of operation features
• Programmable timer options
• Interrupt control
• EPROM/OTP/ROM options
• Inbuilt modules
• Low power consumption
• Wide operation voltage range: 2.5 to 6 volt
• Programmable code protection mode
• Power saving sleep mode
PV PANEL
 PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
• The energy of the sunlight will create free electron in the N type material and holes
in the p type material. This condition builts up the voltage with in the crystal.
Because the holes will travel to the +ve region and the holes will travel to the –ve
region. This conduction ability is one of the main technical goals in fabricating solar
cells.

• The solar energy can be directly converted into electrical energy by means of
photovoltaic effect, ie conversion of light into electricity. Generation of an
electromotive force due to absorption of ionizing radiation is known as photovoltaic
effect.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

• Photovoltaic cells capture solar energy and convert it directly to

electrical current by separating electrons from their parent atoms
and accelerating them across a one way electrostatic barrier
formed by the function between two different types of
semiconductor material.
BOOST CONVERTER
DESCRIPTION
• The DC input to a boost converter can be from many sources as well as batteries, such as rectified
AC from the mains supply, or DC from solar panels, fuel cells, dynamos and DC generators.

• The boost converter is different to the Buck Converter in that it’s output voltage is equal to, or
greater than its input voltage.

• The current flows between the positive and negative supply terminals through L1, which stores
energy in its magnetic field.

• There is virtually no current flowing in the remainder of the circuit as the combination of D1, C1
and the load represent a much higher impedance than the path directly through the heavily
conducting MOSFET.
OPTO COUPLER -PIN DIAGRAM
DESCRIPTION
• 4N35 is an optocoupler integrated circuit in which an infrared emitter
diode drives a phototransistor. They are also known as optoisolators since
they separate two circuits optically. These are used to couple two circuits
without any ohmic contact. They allow one of the circuits to switch another
one while they are completely separate. The first circuit is connected to IR
diode while the other circuit with the phototransistor. The isolation ensures
that no damage occurs in either of the circuits while the other one has a fault.

• An optocoupler is analogous to a relay which isolates two circuits

magnetically. They differ with relays in the sense that they are smaller in
size and allow fast operation.
MOSFET
DESCRIPTION

• Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor is a voltage controlled semiconductor device
that operates on the principle of controlled electron flow through a channel by varying the width of
channel. The width of the channel is controlled by the voltage applied at the ‘Gate’ terminal which
is separated from the channel between the other two terminals, ‘Source’ and ‘Drain’ by an
insulating dielectric layer of metal oxide. These find widespread use in amplifying or rapidly
switching electronic signals. MOSFETs may be of ‘Depletion Type’ where the channel already
exists or ‘Enhancement Type’, where channel forms on applying Voltage across Gate.
IRF 840
FEATURES
• Dynamic dV/dt Rating
• Repetitive Avalanche Rated
• Fast Switching
• Ease of Paralleling
• Simple Drive Requirements
• Compliant to RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC
 ADVANTAGES
• Include high frequency operation
• High power density
• Allowing to reach high levels of efficiency
 REFERENCES
[1] O. Ray, V. Dharmarajan, S. Mishra, R. Adda, and P. Enjeti, “Analysis and pwm control
of three-phase boost-derived hybrid converter,” in 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress
and Exposition (ECCE), Sept 2014, pp. 402–408.
[2] O. Ray and S. Mishra, “Integrated hybrid output converter as power router for
renewable-based nanogrids,” in Industrial Electronics Society, IECON 2015 - 41st Annual
Conference of the IEEE, Nov 2015, pp. 001 645–001 650.
[3] M. A. Elgendy, B. Zahawi, and D. J. Atkinson, “Assessment of perturb and observe
mppt algorithm implementation techniques for pv pumping applications,” IEEE transactions
on sustainable energy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 21–33, 2012.
[4] J. Khazaei, Z. Miao, L. Piyasinghe, and L. Fan, “Real-time digital simulation-based
modeling of a single-phase single-stage pv system,” Electric Power Systems Research, vol.
123, pp. 85–91, 2015.
[5] M. Tabari and A. Yazdani, “Stability of a dc distribution system for power system
integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles,” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 5,
no. 5, pp. 2564–2573, 2014.