PRINCIPLES OF DYNAMICS RECTILINEAR MOTION WITH CONSTANT

ACCELERATION
- Dynamics is the branch of mechanics which deals with
the study of bodies in motion.
TWO BRANCHES OF DYNAMICS
1. Kinematics – is used to define motion of a particle or
body without consideration of the forces causing the
motion. It essentially deals with relation between
displacement (S), velocity (V), and acceleration (a).
Problem 1:
Two automobile A and B are approaching each other in
adjacent highway lanes. At t = 0 sec, A and B are 1 km apart,
their speeds are VA = 110 kph and VB = 60 kph and they are
at points P and Q respectively. Knowing that A passes point
Q, 40 sec after B was there and that B passes point P, 42 sec
after A was there.

2. Kinetics – is used to relate the force acting on a body to

its mass and acceleration. When acceleration of a body
caused by the forces acting on it has been determined, the
principles of kinematics may be now be applied to
determine the displacement or velocity at any instant. Determine the:

a. acceleration of A
b. time when they pass each other
DIFFERENTIAL KINEMATIC EQUATIONS OF c. speed of B when they pass each other
MOTION
dS time rate of change
1. V= velocity = Problem 2:
dt of displacement
A ball is dropped down a well and
5 seconds later the sound of the
splash is heard. If the velocity of
dV rate of change
2. a= acceleration = sound is 330 m⁄sec, determine the:
dt of velocity
a. depth of the well
b. time for the ball to reach the
3. Vdv = adS water surface
c. time for the sound to travel
the distance equal to the depth
of the well
NEWTON’S LAW OF MOTION FOR A PARTICLE

1. A body at rest will remain to be at rest or in motion will

remain in motion along a straight path unless acted upon Problem 3:
by an unbalanced force. A ball is shot vertically into the air at a velocity of 60 m⁄sec.
After 4 sec, another ball is shot vertically into the air.
2. A particle acted upon by an unbalanced force system has
an acceleration in line with and directly proportional to
the resultant of the force system and inversely
proportional to its mass.
kF
a= or F = ma; k=1
M

3. In every action there is always an equal and opposite

reaction.

THREE KINEMATIC EQUATIONS OF MOTION

Determine the:
WITH CONSTANT ACCELERATION
a. time that the first ball has traveled in order to meet the
1. V = Vo + at
second ball 120 m from the ground
1 b. time that the second ball has traveled in order to meet
2. S = Vo t + at 2
2 the first ball 120 m from the ground
c. initial velocity must the second ball have in order to
3. V 2 = Vo 2 + 2aS
meet the first ball 120 m from the ground

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RECTILINEAR MOTION WITH VARIABLE MOTION CURVES
ACCELERATION
Note: The relation between a, V and S diagram is similar to
Problem 1: that of load, shear and moment diagram.
A car is traveling at the speed Vo on a straight, level road.
After the brakes are applied at t = 0, the motion can be Graph Area Centroid
t3 2
approximated by x = − t + 17t where x is the distance 1.
100
traveled in meters and t is the time in seconds. Compute the:

a. value of Vo
b. distance required for the car to stop b
c. maximum acceleration during braking A = bh x̅ =
2

Problem 2:
An engineer analyzing a large scale machining process
2.
determines that a tool which moves in a straight line starts
from rest at time t = 0 and position S = 0 and moves with
acceleration a = 2 + t 1⁄2 − t 3⁄2 m⁄s 2 from t = 0 and
t = 4 sec. Determine the: bh b
A= x̅ =
2 3
a. time does a maximum velocity of the tool will occur
b. maximum velocity of the tool
c. acceleration of the tool at the time when maximum
velocity occurs 3.

Problem 3: bh b
A= x̅ =
3 4
The expressions below are the components of the acceleration
from t = 0 to t = 10 sec.

a x = 0.8t a y = 2 − 0.3t az = 5
4.
Compute the:

a. total distance traveled S after t = 10 sec

bh b
b. velocity V at t = 10 sec A= x̅ =
4 5
c. resultant acceleration when t = 10 sec

Problem 4:
In terms of a particular frame, the position of the center of
Problem 1:
mass of an airplane at the time t = 0 is r = 10i + 6j +
22k (m). The velocity from t = 0 to t = 4 sec is V = A subway train travels between two of its station stops with
(52 + 6t)i + (12 + t 2 )j − (4 + 2t 2 )k in m⁄s. Determine the: the acceleration schedule shown.

a. value of the x-coordinate of the centroid of the center of

mass of the plane at t = 4 sec
b. value of the y-coordinate of the centroid of the center of
mass of the plane at t = 4 sec
c. value of the z-coordinate of the centroid of the center of
mass of the plane at t = 4 sec

Determine the:

a. velocity after 14 seconds

b. time interval ∆t during the train brakes to a stop with a
deceleration of 2 m⁄s 2
c. distance S between the stations

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Problem 2:
A car accelerates from initial velocity of 10 m⁄s. The
acceleration is increasing uniformly from zero to 8 m⁄s 2 in
6 seconds. During the next two seconds, the car decelerates at
a constant rate of 2 m⁄s 2. Compute the:
Problem 2:
Two blocks A and B are released from rest on a 30° incline
when they are 15 m apart. The coefficient of friction under the
upper block A is 0.20 and that under the lower block B is
0.40. Compute the:

a. velocity after 8 seconds a. acceleration of block

b. distance traveled after 6 seconds A
c. total distance traveled after 8 seconds b. acceleration of block
B
c. elapsed time until
the block touch
Problem 3:
A subway train stops at two stations that are 2 km apart. The
maximum acceleration and deceleration of the train are
2 m⁄s 2 and 1.6 m⁄s 2, respectively and the maximum
allowable speed is 20 m⁄s. Determine the: Problem 3:
From the figure shown, blocks A, B and C have weight of
a. time to reach a maximum velocity
300 N, 200 N and 100 N respectively. The coefficient of
b. time to travel at a constant speed of 20 m⁄s
friction between A and the plane is 0.25. Neglecting the
c. shortest possible time to travel between two stations
stiffness of the rope, its mass and that of the pulley, determine
the:

a. acceleration of block B
b. tension in the rope B and
KINETICS OF RECTILINEAR TRANSLATION C
c. tension in the rope
Reversed Effective Force, 𝐑𝐄𝐅 connecting block A

- Whenever a body is subjected to an unbalanced external

force, a body accelerates in the direction of the bigger
force and in return, the body is acted by an reversed
effective force, which is opposite to the acceleration.
Problem 4:

From the figure shown, compute the:

wg a. acceleration of body
REF = ma =
a B
b. tension in the chord
supporting A
c. tension in the chord
supporting the
From the figure shown:
300 N body
If F < μ N, motion
If F = μ N, impending motion
If F > μ N, motion starts (use kinetic friction)
Problem 5:
Cylinders B and C have a mass of 15 kg and 10 kg
Problem 1: respectively. Neglecting the mass of pulleys and chord,
A boy having a weight of 340 N is standing on the floor of an determine the:
elevator. Determine the:
a. acceleration of block B such that the
a. force which the boy exerts on block A does not move when all
the floor of an elevator when cylinders are released
the elevator is at rest b. tension of block C such that block A
b. force which the boy exerts on does not move when all cylinders are
the floor of an elevator when released
the elevator is descending at c. required mass of A so that it does not
constant velocity of 1.52 m⁄s move when all cylinders are released
c. force which the boy exerts on
the floor of an elevator when
the elevator is ascending with
constant acceleration of 1.82 m⁄s 2
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DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM IN TRANSLATION Problem 4:
A 1,800 kg car drives
Problem 1:
up an inclined of 8%
A car is traveling on a from rest at uniform
straight level road when the acceleration to a
driver perceives a hazard velocity of 60 kph after
ahead. After a reaction time traveling 75 m. Its
of 0.50 seconds, she applies wheels are 3 m apart
the brakes, locking the with its center of gravity midway of the wheels and 500 mm
wheels. The coefficient of from the ground. If all frictional force is assumed to act at the
kinetic friction between the tires and the road is μk = 0.60. rear wheels.
The car is traveling at 60 kph. Determine the:
Compute the:
a. distance traveled before the brakes are applied
b. deceleration of the car a. acceleration of the car
c. total distance the car travels before coming to rest b. normal force on the front wheels
c. minimum coefficient of friction needed so that motion
is possible
Problem 2:
A skier is on a 25° slope, his
mass is 80 kg. The kinetic Problem 5:
coefficient of friction A uniform bar AB weighing 1,200 N is mounted as shown in
between his skis and the the figure upon a carriage weighing 2,400 N. The center of
snow is μk = 0.80. His gravity of the carriage is at C midway between the wheels. If
velocity is 9 m⁄s. Compute P = 900 N and there is no frictional resistance at the wheels.
the:

a. skiers acceleration in
the direction parallel to the slope
b. skiers velocity when he has gone 20 m down the slope
c. skiers velocity when he has gone 20 m down the slope
if aerodynamic drag exerts a force on the skier of
magnitude 0.6V 2 , where V is the magnitude of velocity

Problem 3:
The flatbed truck is traveling at a constant speed of 60 kph up
the 15% grade when the 100 kg crate which it carries is given
a shove which imparts to an initial relative velocity of Find the:
V1 = 3 m⁄s towards the rear of the truck. If the crate slides a
a. R1
distance x = 2 m measured on the truck bed before coming to
b. R2
rest on the bed.
c. horizontal component of the pin pressure at A
d. vertical component of the pin pressure at A

Compute the:

a. acceleration of the truck

b. coefficient of kinetic friction between the crate and the
truck
c. time it take for the crate to move a distance of 2 m

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