ANIMAL-LIKE (PROTOZOA)

PHYLUM RHIZOPODA (AMOEBA)

TYPES OF ORGANISMS unicellular
LOCATION In soil, freshwater, ocean, parasitic in other organisms
LOCOMOTION Pseudopodium (outgrowth of cytoplasm)
STRUCTURE
PATTERN OF By extend pseudopodia
MOVEMENT
FEEDING phagocytosis
REPRODUCTION Binary fission (asexual)
EXAMPLE Amoeba sp.
Entamoeba hystolitica (severe diarrhea with blood and
ulcers in intestinal wall)
Acanthamoeba (cause eye infections in contact lens users)
NUTRITION TYPE Heterotrophic – obtain nutrient by ingest small molecules
OTHER UNIQUE  Contractile vacuole – acts as osmoregulator
FEATURES

PHYLUM FORAMINIFERA (FORAMS)

TYPES OF ORGANISMS Marine organisms – secretes chalky, many chambered tests
(shells) with pores which cytoplasmic projection can be
extended
LOCATION Ocean floor / part of plankton
Dead forams – boton of the ocean > gray mud > chalk
OTHER UNIQUE  Entangles prey (a sticky, interconnected net)
FEATURES  Endosymbiotic with unicellular algae – provide food by
photosynthesis
USED AS  Index fossils – markers to help identify sedimentary
rock layers

PHYLUM ACTINOPODA (ACTINOPODS)

TYPES OF ORGANISMS Marine plankton organisms
FEEDING Prey entangled in axopods and engulf outside the main
body
CONSISTS OF Axopods (long, filamentous cytoplasmic projections) – a
cluster of microtubules strengthens each axopods
OTHER UNIQUE  Some known as Radiolarians – secrete elaborate and
FEATURES beautiful glassy shells made of silica. Important
constituent of marine plankton.
 When actinopods die, their shells settle and become an
ooze (sediment)

PHYLUM ZOOMASTIGINA (ZOOFLAGELLATES)

TYPES OF ORGANISMS Most unicellular, few colonial
 STRUCTURE Spherical/elongated body, single central nucleus,
one/many long, whip-like flagella
LOCOMOTION Lashing flexible flagella (at anterior end)
STRUCTURE
FEEDING Pseudopodia – engulf food
NUTRITION TYPE Heterotrophic – free-living / endosymbionts
DISEASE  Trypanosoma – African sleeping sickness transmitted
by tsetse flies
 Giardia – backpackers diarrhea

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA (CILIATES)

TYPES OF ORGANISMS unicellular
LOCATION Freshwater ponds
LOCOMOTION Cilia; thousands of short, hair-like projection
STRUCTURE
PATTERN OF Some sessile, and although motile (remain attach to a
MOVEMENT rock/ other surface)
FEEDING Have many trichocysts(discharge filament) – aid trapping
and holding prey
Cilia draw food into a simple opening / funnel-like oral
groove
REPRODUCTION  Binary fission (asexual)
 Conjugation (sexual)
EXAMPLE Paramecium sp.
NUTRITION TYPE Heterotrophic
OTHER UNIQUE  Contractile vacuole – acts as osmoregulator
FEATURES  Small, diploid micronuclei – reproduction
 Larger, polyploid macronucleus – cell metabolism and
growth
 Pellicle (flexible outer coverage) – gives a definite but
changeable shape
 PHYLUM APICOMPLEXA (APICOMPLEXANS)
TYPES OF ORGANISMS Large group-parasitic, spore-forming protozoa
LOCATION In soil, freshwater, ocean, parasitic in other organisms
LOCOMOTION Non-motile (need host to complete their parasites life
STRUCTURE cycle)
PATTERN OF Need host (human and female Anopheles mosquito)
MOVEMENT
FEEDING phagocytosis
REPRODUCTION Complete sexual and asexual
EXAMPLE Plasmodium sp.
NUTRITION TYPE Parasitic – causes malaria
OTHER UNIQUE  Tiny infectious cell (sporozoites)
FEATURES  Pellicle
DISEASE Malaria;
 Plasmodium sporozoits enters human blood through
bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito
 Plasmodium enters liver cell, multiple and red blood
cells proliferates
 When infected red blood cell bursts, many new
parasites release
 Simultaneous bursting of millions red blood cells –
symptoms of malaria