Lab No# 01(A)

Title: Introduction to Control System and their real life application and
examples.
System:
“A set of interlinks parts that are in relation and then combine together to form a compound
form and does the desire job is known as a system. Each system is defined by its composition,
purpose and by its environment, and indication in its working function.”
Types of system:
1. Analog
2. Digital

Control System:
A system that consists of devices; which attain, sequence, and regulate the conduct of other devices or
systems to help achieve wanted results. In brief, a system controls the system.
OR
A mechanical, optical, or electronic system that is used to maintain a desired output.

Types of control system:

1. Open loop
2. Closed loop (the feedback control system)

Open loop:
A control system in which the feedback track is not elaborated is called an open loop control
system. We can also say that a control system is a system in which the output doesn’t correct
the system is called open loop system. So this type of system are unfit to consider the
distraction. Thus in open loop systems, output can be changed only when the input is changed
manually and the output is unmanageable because feedback choice doesn’t exist.
These systems are simple to build, unsafe and costly inexpensive. But these systems are not
precise and are irresponsible.
Practical examples of open loop systems:
1. Automatic washing machine
2. Electric Drier and Bread Toaster
3. A home heating system (works without sensing, feedback and control)

Fig: Open Loop Control System

Closed loop:
A closed loop control system is the one in where the output results the input such that the
input amount will change itself according to the output build is called a closed loop control
system. It comprise feedback system.
 Fig: Closed Loop Control System

Examples of closed loop control systems:

Automatic Electric Iron.
Water level controller.
Air Conditioner.
 Lab No#01(B)
Title: Introduction to experiment card SO4201-5A (temperature, speed and
light control system) .

Introduction:
The UNI-TRAIN-I experiment card Temperature, Speed and Light Controlled Systems
contains three classic controlled systems found in control engineering. These dissimilar
controlled system classes show various features (static and dynamic transfer response).

Fig.1 Experimenter card

Detail explanation of the components:
Temperature controlled system:
Temperature controlled system focus on a heating resistor with supplementary disturbance
input and LED to signal when a confident temperature level has been received. The input
changing of the temperature-controlled system is a voltage in the range 0…10 V (socket𝑌𝑇 ).
A temperature-voltage converter change the temperature into a voltage, which becomes the
output voltage of the controlled system. In amassing to the heating of the resistor, a cooling
purpose is given that by the fan of the speed-controlled system. A potentiometer is used to
adjust the environment temperature.
Speed controlled system:
Speed controlled system established on a chimney pot motor. The fan is controlled via the
input voltage (socket𝑌𝑆 ). A speed sensor generates a TTL signal with a speed-dependent
frequency, which if required can be employed at (socket𝑋𝑇𝑇𝐿 ). From this, a frequency-
voltage converter generate the output voltage of the speed-controlled system (socket𝑋𝑆 ).
Light controlled system:
Light controlled system consisting of emitter (LED) and receiver (photo sensor) with the
option for delivering disturbance variables forward (additive light source). The controlled
system's input variable is the voltage at (socket𝑌𝐿 ), the output variable is the voltage at. A
potentiometer is used to be offset setting for the ambient brightness (light in the room).