Lecture No.

PLANNING OF IMPACT
STUDIES
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
INITIAL IMPACTS DECISION-
MAKING
PDN IP
PII(S) IA (PP) SPA (PP)
IPI (S) IM
DAE

DOCUMENTATION

PWD
EM
 PDN
Project Description and Need
ü Type of project
ü Location
ü Time period for Construction
ü Potential Environmental Requirements or Outputs
ü Identified Current Needs (Housing, Flood Control, etc..)
ü Generic Alternatives
 PII
Pertinent Institutional Information

Environmental Laws,
Regulations and/or Policies

Oposa, A. Jr. A Legal Arsenal for the Philippine

Environment. Philippines: Batas Kalikasan,
2002.
 IPI
Identification of Potential Impacts
ü Qualitative Identification
ü Computer-aided literature reviews
ü Outcome of a Scoping process
ü Use of Developed Tools and Techniques (Matrices,
Networks and Checklists)
 DAE
Description of the Affected Environment
Selective Identification of Pertinent
BASELINE FACTORS

Information Sources: Local Government Units, Government

Agencies, Non-Government Organizations, Previous
Researches, Universities
 IP
Impact Prediction
Quantification, where possible (or, at least, the
qualitative description) of the anticipated
impacts of the proposed project on various
environmental factors
 IP
Impact Prediction
ü Mathematical Models
ü Laboratory Testing and Studies
ü Construction of Scale Models
ü Look-alike Information from Similar Projects
ü Environmental Indexing Methods
ü “Expert Systems” (special computer programs that are encoded with
and apply the knowledge of experts to provide solutions to problems within
specialized fields)

ü Risk Assessment Methods

 IA
Impact Assessment
Interpretation of the significance of anticipated
changes related to the proposed project
ü Professional Judgment
ü Public Input
Ø Continued scoping process
Ø Public meetings
Ø Public participation (PP) programs

ü Numerical Standards or Criteria

 IM
Impact Mitigation
Mitigation measures:
ü Avoid
ü Minimize
ü Rectify (Repair, Rehabilitate or Restore)
ü Reduce or Eliminate (Preserve and Maintain)
ü Compensate (Replace or Provide)
 SPA
Selecting the Proposed Action
ü Analysis of Alternatives
ü Use of Multiple-criteria decision-making
techniques
ü May include Public Publication Components
 PWD
Preparing the Written Documentation
ü Sound Principles of Technical Writing
Ø Outlines
Ø Careful documentation of Data and Information
Ø Visual Display Materials
Ø Review
 EM
Environmental Monitoring
ü Establish baseline conditions
ü Document Impacts that are actually
experienced
ü Help Project Management