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2018 Science Investigatory Fiberglass
2018 Science Investigatory Fiberglass
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Division of Batangas
Mabini District
MABINI CENTRAL SCHOOL
(APPLIED SCIENCE)
Mabini Batangas
By:
Recommending Approval:
YSON O. ABARINTOS
Coach
Approved:
GILMA C. PORLEY
Principal III
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE............................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................ii
CHAPTER I ...........................................................................................................iii
INTRODUCTION
HYPOTHESIS
CHAPTER II ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………IV
RESEARCH DESIGN
DATA GATHERING
PROCEDURE
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Many materials use plastic parts, but require more strength and stiffness than plastic
alone offers. Metal parts are often too expensive, far exceed the necessarymechanical
properties, or are too heavy. Therefore, composite parts are becomingincreasingly popular.
Composite materials are composed of two parts: a resin/matrix and a fiber. The first
composite materials date back thousands of years to the time of the Egyptians – using large
fibers with mud (i.e. matrix) for brick building. In recent history, man‐made fibers and resins
have been created and used to make composite parts. One benefit of a composite material is
the designer can select from a wide display of resins and fibers. The mixture of different
resins and fibers lead to almost immeasurable distinct sets of properties. Therefore, the
composite designer can more precisely tailor the material for the application. Indeed, the
design of thematerial may be just as involved as the design of the product itself.
Fiberglass is the most well known and widely used man‐made fiber, and along with
polyester resin make up the largest portion of the composites market. Carbon fiber and
aramid fiber are two other man‐made fibers, and are used in higher‐end applications such as
advanced aircraft, bullet‐proof and heat resistant clothing, and sports equipment.
However, Natural fibers develop or occur in the fiber shape, and include those
produced by plants, animals, and geological processes recently natural fibers have gained
attention, and have become popular in products. Flax, coir, sisal, hemp, and jute are a few of
the husk of coconut[1] and used in products such as floor mats, doormats, brushes and
mattresses. Coir is the fibrous material found between the hard, internal shell and the outer
coat of a coconut. Other uses of brown coir (made from ripe coconut) are in upholstery
padding, sacking and horticulture. White coir, harvested from unripe coconuts, is used for
making finer brushes, string, rope and fishing nets.This fibre consist of a chemical properties
of asbestos which is extremely durable and resistant to fire and most chemical reactions and
breakdowns.
commercial fiberglass.
The reaction on fire of the water hyacinth stalk was also observed in the school. The
data gathered was based on the 3 samples subjected to direct and same amount of fire from
alcohol lamp. The effect was observed on how long the coconut fiberglass can withstand the
The result of the heat absorption ability of the water hyacinth stalk was based on the
data gathered from . Observation was done in 12 hours that started at 5:00 in the morning and
end at 5:00 in the afternoon. The researchers used laboratory thermometer in observing the
Generally, to check the efficiency of coconut fiber as a composite for fiberglass the
main goal of the study which can decrease the use of other synthetic fiberglass. Furthermore,
This study will maximize the planting of coconut and using all its fiber as fiberglass.
They will engage more in making plans to conserve other parts of the coconut which help in
Environment
This project will be beneficial to the environment because it promotes the use of
The community will be benefited by this study through giving the residents with livelihood
through developing the coconut fiberglass in their community and as a substitute of their
expensive fiberglass into this coconut fiberglass. It is environmentally friendly and can last
Future Researchers
This research can serve as a reference in conceptualizing their own study. The
findings could also be used as the basis or support in their statements and concerns on their
study.
1.4 Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between the heat absorption ability of coconut fiber
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
gaining acceptance from civil engineers. In recent years, research and development of fibres
and matrix materials and fabrication process related to construction industry have grown
rapidly. Their advantages over other construction materials are their high tensile strength to
weight ratio, ability to be moulded into various shapes and potential resistance to
make FRC composite a good alternative for innovative construction. Their application in
construction includes both upgrading existing structures and building new ones, which can
apply to various types of structure, for example offshore platforms, buildings and bridges
(Thou, 2015)
Coir (/ˈkɔɪər/), or coconut fibre, is a natural fibre extracted from the husk of coconut and
used in products such as floor mats, doormats, brushes and mattresses. Coir is the fibrous
material found between the hard, internal shell and the outer coat of a coconut. Other uses of
brown coir (made from ripe coconut) are in upholstery padding, sacking and horticulture.
White coir, harvested from unripe coconuts, is used for making finer brushes, string, rope and
fishing nets.[2]
Diya Maria Varghese, et. al., (2017) Coconut fibre is available in abundance at the
test site, which makes it quite viable as a reinforcement material in concrete. Further, it acts
as a new source of income for the coconut producer who gets the benefits of the new demand
generated by the construction industry. In addition to this, it is an effective method for the
disposal of coir mattress waste which will reduce the demand for additional waste disposal
infrastructure and decrease the load on existing landfills and incinerators. The problem of
high rate of water absorption of the fibre could be reduced by coating the fibres with oil.
Moreover the fibres being natural in origin is ecologically sustainable and can bring down the
(Bhatia, 2001) studied the usefulness of fibre reinforced concrete in various civil
engineering applications. Fibres include steel fibre, natural fibres and synthetic fibres-each of
which lends varying properties to the concrete. The study revealed that the fibrous material
increases the structural integrity. These studies made us adopt natural fibres which are
(Chouw et al., 2012) studied the viability of using coconut-fibre ropes as vertical
reinforcement in mortar-free low cost housing in earth quake prone regions. The rope
anchorage is achieved by embedding it in the foundation and top tie-beams. The bond
between the rope and the concrete plays an important role in the stability of the structure and
the rope tensile strength is also found to be fairly high. The rope tension generated due to
earthquake loading should be less than both the pull out force and the rope tensile load to
avoid the structure collapse. The study concluded that the pull out energy increases with an
increase in embedment length, rope diameter, cement and fibre content in the matrix.
MICHAEL MAHER, ... MICHAEL RAVIV, in Soilless Culture, 2008 Coir is the name given
to the fibrous material that constitutes the thick mesocarp (middle layer) of the coconut fruit
(Cocos nucifera). The husk of the coconut contains approximately 75 per cent fibre and 25
per cent fine material, the so-called ‘coir pith’. Husks are often soaked in water to soften
them and facilitate grinding. Often the water used is brackish and this can increase the Na and
Cl levels. When the coconut husks are being processed, the coco dust is separated from the
fibre. The long fibres of coir extracted from the coconut husk are used in the manufacture of
industrial products, for example mats or ropes. Traditionally the dust and small fibres were
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Experimental Design
The researchers followed the subsequent steps in gathering data to prove that coir
approval, they gathered necessary information from the experts that will help them in
conducting their study. With the adviser’s suggestions and corrections, the researchers
3.4. Procedure
A. Collecting Coconut
E. Making of Fiberglass
In determining the effectiveness of coir as a fiberglass the data will be analyzed using
1. Mean – was used to determine the tensile strength, moisture content, fire reaction and
temperature .
3. 3. F-test – was used to determine the significant difference the heat absorption ability
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
strength.
The data shows that coir coconut fiberglass is durable enough to resist a strong force.
It was proven by the average force of 126.38 N, 120.19N, and 106.07.N from samples 1, 2,
and 3 respectively. This shows that coir coconut fiberglass is a good material in making
fiberglass. It also shows that coir structure is fitted to sustain a strong force when it was
develop into an fiberglass as supported by the total average force of 117.55N. Table 2
Table 2
Coir Coconut Fiberglass in terms in terms of Moisture Content
The standard of 13.78 percent, 17.80 percent, and 17.22 percent moisture content of
samples 1, 2, and 3 clearly shows that 5 days of sun drying process is not enough in to
withstand in to the moisture with no highly damage of fiberglass . This suggests that to be
able to totally remove the moist in the stalk, it should be exposed longer than five days.
Table 3
Coir (coconut husk) sustained in terms of Fire Reaction
The data shows that under fire, coir coconut fiberglass burned complete at a span of
24.67s in sample 1, 21.33 s in sample 2 and 24.00 seconds in sample 3. This suggests that
coir coconut fiberglass cannot easily react on the fire however the presence of the polyester
resin layer of the fiber glass did not easily spread of fire. This might due to the entrapment
of carbon dioxide inside the dead-air spaces (aerenchyma) structure of the fiberglass cannot
easily retards the spread of fire. With this result, it can be inferred that Coir (coconut husk)
has a good reaction of fire and can be a good fiberglass since fire cannot be easily spread on
it.
Table 4
Coir (coconut husk) sustained in terms of Heat Absorption Ability
The data shows that the design and thickness of the coir (coconut husk) affects its heat
absorption ability as proven by the total average temperatures of 26.98 0C and 30.670C of
Sample 1 and sample 2 respectively. This finding suggests that good design of coir (coconut
husk) fiberglass increase its ability to absorb heat. It also indicates the thicker the layer the
Table 4
Coir (coconut husk) sustained in terms of Heat Absorption Ability
Coir (coconut husk) sustained in terms of Heat Absorption Ability
TEMPERATURES (°C)
TIME Sample 1 Sample 2
AVERAGE AVERAGE
6:00 AM 28.10 28.60
7:00 AM 28.45 29.05
8:00 AM 26.14 29.21
9:00 AM 29.40 30.90
10:00 AM 30.12 31.60
11:00 AM 30.90 32.70
12:00 NN 32.19 33.16
1:00 PM 31.10 32.95
2:00 PM 31.18 32.30
3:00 PM 29.80 30.55
4:00 PM 27.90 28.44
5:00 PM 28.15 29.15
6:00 PM 28.18 30.12
AVERAGE 26.98 30.67
3. What chemical properties thus a coconut fiber (coir) suited for fiberglass
Fiberglass is a synthetic material primarily made of silica, a type of silicon oxide polymer
that does not have a melting point and has long been used for its hardness properties. One of the
chemical compound seen in the silica is asbestos, wherein Asbestos is a set of six naturally
occurring silicate minerals, which all have in common their eponymous asbestos thin fibrous crystals,
with each visible fiber composed of millions of microscopic "fibrils" that can be released
by abrasion and other processes. They are commonly known by their colors, as blue asbestos, brown
asbestos, white asbestos, and green asbestos. The coir of coconut husk has largely contain of asbestos
Commercial Fiberglass
Table 6 presents the comparison on the tensile ability of Coir (coconut husk)
The data revealed that there is significant difference in the tensile ability of Coir
(coconut husk) Fiberglass and commercial fiberglass as shown by the computed t value of
10.456 which is higher than the critical value of the which is equal to 1.564 at 13 degrees of
freedom at 5 percent level of significance. This shows that Coir (coconut husk) fiberglass is
more effective than the commercial fiberglass in terms of tensile ability. This might due to
CHAPTER V
Findings
1. The study reveals that coir coconut fiberglass is durable enough to resist a strong
force. It was proven by the average force of 126.38 N, 120.19N, and 106.07.N from
samples 1, 2, and 3 respectively. This shows that coir coconut fiberglass is a good
material in making fiberglass. It also shows that coir structure is fitted to sustain a
strong force when it was develop into an fiberglass as supported by the total average
moisture content.
The standard of 13.78 percent, 17.80 percent, and 17.22 percent moisture content of
samples 1, 2, and 3 clearly shows that 5 days of sun drying process is not enough in to
withstand in to the moisture with no highly damage of fiberglass . This suggests that
to be able to totally remove the moist in the stalk, it should be exposed longer than
five days
2. The study shows that under fire, coir coconut fiberglass burned complete at a span of
24.67s in sample 1, 21.33 s in sample 2 and 24.00 seconds in sample 3. This suggests
that coir coconut fiberglass cannot easily react on the fire however the presence of the
polyester resin layer of the fiber glass did not easily spread of fire. This might due to
the entrapment of carbon dioxide inside the dead-air spaces (aerenchyma) structure of
the fiberglass cannot easily retards the spread of fire. With this result, it can be
inferred that Coir (coconut husk) has a good reaction of fire and can be a good
polymer that does not have a melting point and has long been used for its hardness
properties. One of the chemical compound seen in the silica is asbestos, wherein
Asbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals, which all have in
common their eponymous asbestos thin fibrous crystals, with each visible fiber
other processes. They are commonly known by their colors, as blue asbestos, brown
asbestos, white asbestos, and green asbestos. The coir of coconut husk has largely
contain of asbestos fiber that may add the strengthen of making a fiberglass.
4. The data revealed that there is significant difference in the tensile ability of Coir
value of 10.456 which is higher than the critical value of the which is equal to 1.564
(coconut husk) fiberglass is more effective than the commercial fiberglass in terms of
tensile ability. This might due to the difference in the thickness of these two
materials.
Conclusions
1. The coir (coconut husk) is durable, has no moist content when properly sun dried, can
retard fire and is effective heat absorber which is an indication of a good fiberglass.
2. The layering affects the heat absorption ability of the coir (coconut husk)fiberglass,
Recommendations
In the light of the findings revealed in the study and the conclusion drawn, the
outcome.
ABSTRACT
Fiberglass is the most well known and widely used man‐made fiber, and along with
polyester resin make up the largest portion of the composites market. Carbon fiber and
aramid fiber are two other man‐made fibers, and are used in higher‐end applications such as
advanced aircraft, bullet‐proof and heat resistant clothing, and sports equipment. The use of
retard fire and is effective heat absorber which is an indication of a good fiberglass. The
layering affects the heat absorption ability of the coir (coconut husk)fiberglass, the thicker the
The coconut husk or the coir contains asbestos having thin fibrous crystals that are suited
to strengthen the common fiberglass. Asbestos is from the chemical compound of silica
which is widely use in fiberglass. The ability to withstand the coir coconut hush fiberglass in
moisture, heat absorption and fire absorption is truly remarkable results. The use of coir
coconut husk in fiberglass increase the durability and substantial aspect of the common
fiberglass.
REFERENCES
rope tensile strength and pullout from coconut fibre reinforced concrete”,
4. Noor Md. Sadiqul Hassan, Habibur Rahman Sobuz (2012),“Use of coconut fibre in
production of structural light weight concrete”, Journal of applied sciences 12(9) 831-
839, 2012
5. Vijay Chavada, A.A Parikh (2013), “An application review of coir fibre reinforced
and their effect on concrete columns analysis”, Construction and Building Materials
2011;18(7):549–58
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275407239_Coconut_Fibre_Reinforced_Concrete
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275407239_Coconut_Fibre_Reinforced_Concrete
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275407239_Coconut_Fibre_Reinforced_Concrete