China , officially the People's Republic
of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia
Yinxu, the ruins of the capital of
the late Shang dynasty
A Shang Dynasty City, historical
architecture of china
A moon gate is a circular opening in a
garden wall that acts as a pedestrian
passageway, and a traditional
architectural element in Chinese
gardens
Fenghuang County, an ancient town
that harbors many architectural remains
of Ming and Qing styles
and the world's most populous country,
with a population of around 1.404 billion
in 2017. Covering approximately
9,600,000 square kilometers (3,700,000
sq mi), it is the third or fourth largest
country by total area
According to Chinese tradition, the first
dynasty was the Xia, which emerged
around 2100 BCE. The dynasty was
considered mythical by historians until
scientific excavations found early Bronze
Age sites at Erlitou, Henan in 1959. The
succeeding Shang dynasty is the earliest
to be confirmed by contemporary
records. The Shang ruled the plain of the
Yellow River in eastern China from the
17th to the 11th century BCE. Their
oracle bone script (from c. 1500 BCE)
represents the oldest form of Chinese
writing yet found, and is a direct ancestor
of modern Chinese characters.
The Temple of Heaven, a center of
heaven worship and an UNESCO World
Heritage site, symbolizes the
Interactions Between Heaven and
Mankind.
First Dynasty in China
Traditions
Chines Culture
Chinese Medicine-Traditional Chinese
medicine is built on a foundation of more
than 2,500 years of Chinese medical
practices that includes various forms of
herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage,
exercise and dietary therapy. Its
philosophy is based on Yinyangism,(the
combination of Five Phases theory with
Yin-Yang theory) which was later
absorbed by Daoism. In general, disease
is perceived as a disharmony or
imbalance in the functions or interactions
of yin, yang, meridians etc. between the
human body and the environment.
Therapy is based on which “pattern of
disharmony” can be identified.
Lanterns have become a symbol of
national pride in China and are used to
decorate homes and public places.The
Lantern Festival is one of the best days
to view Chinese lanterns in action. It is
always held on the 15th day of the first
Chinese lunar month. The festival is
viewed as the end to the Chinese New
Year celebrations and is celebrated with
the release of floating and flying lanterns
as well as la.
Chinese culture is one of the world's
oldest cultures, tracing back to thousands
of years ago. Important components of
Chinese culture includes ceramics,
architecture, music, literature, martial
arts, cuisine, visual arts, philosophy and
religion.
Historians believe that the Chinese first
began making the now traditional
lanterns during the Eastern Han Dynasty
(25–220 BCE). The original use of
lanterns was primarily as a light source.
They were used both indoors and out to
provide a shaded light for reading and
working. The protection from wind
provided by the decorative silk or paper
shade kept the lanterns from going out
with the breeze
Chinese Family-Family has been a key
component in society for thousands of
years in China. Today, many aspects of
Chinese life can be tied to honoring
one’s parents or ancestors. Because of
the focus on family, it is common for
Chinese, even when fully grown with
children of their own, to have many
living generations of a family living
under the same roof. Chinese family
structure has traditionally been rigid and
hierarchical. Many parents and
grandparents now still expect their
children/grandchildren to do as they are
told
 Go is an abstract strategy board game
for two players, in which the aim is to

ingredients, as well as food therapy that is emphasized by traditional Chinese medicine.

shaping, heating, colorway and flavoring. Chinese cuisine is also known for its width of cooking methods and
Shandong, Fujian, Hunan, Anhui, and Zhejiang cuisines. All of them are featured by the precise skills of
in which the most influential are known as the "Eight Major Cuisines", including Sichuan, Cantonese, Jiangsu,
Chinese cuisine is highly diverse, drawing on several millennia of culinary history and geographical variety,
surround more territory than the
opponent and was invented in China
more than 2,500 years ago

China has become a prime sports

destination worldwide. The country
gained the hosting rights for several
major global sports tournaments
including the 2008 Summer Olympics,
the 2015 World Championships in
Athletics, the upcoming 2019 FIBA
Basketball World Cup and the upcoming
2022 Winter Olympics. China has one of
the oldest sporting cultures in the world.
There is evidence that archery was
practiced during the Western Zhou
dynasty. Swordplay and cuju, a sport
loosely related to association football
date back to China's early dynasties as
well.

The book contained a detailed explanation and

analysis of the Chinese military, from
weapons and strategy to rank and discipline.
Sun Tzu also stressed the importance of
intelligence operatives and espionage to the
war effort. Because Sun Tzu has long been
considered to be one of history's finest
military tacticians and analysts, his teachings
and strategies formed the basis of advanced
military training for centuries to come
Sun Tzu was a Chinese general, military strategist, writer
and philosopher who lived in the Eastern Zhou period of
ancient China. Sun Tzu is traditionally credited as the
Chinese literature is based on the author of The Art of War, an influential work of military
literature of the Zhou dynasty. strategy that has affected Western and East Asian
Concepts covered within the Chinese philosophy and military thinking. His works focus much
classic texts present a wide range of more on alternatives to battle, such as stratagem, delay, the
thoughts and subjects including use of spies and alternatives to war itself, the making and
calendar, military, astrology, keeping of alliances, the uses of deceit and a willingness to
herbology, geography and many others submit, at least temporarily, to more powerful foes.
,Chinese
Cuisine

Sport in China

China at the Olympics

 Beijing, Capital of China. Besides being
the capital, Beijing is among the most
populated capital city in the world.

National Flag consisting of a red field

(background) with a large yellow star and
four smaller stars in its upper hoist corner.
The flag’s width-to-length ratio is 2 to 3.

Macao and Hong Kong is also part of Republic of China

 Confucius was a Chinese philosopher and
politician of the Spring and Autumn period.

The philosophy of Confucius, also known as

Confucianism, emphasized personal and
governmental morality, correctness of social
relationships, justice and sincerity. Aphorisms
concerning his teachings were compiled in the
Analects, but only many years after his death.

The Analects is an ancient Chinese book

Confucius's principles have commonality Tao Te Ching
with Chinese tradition and belief. He composed of a collection of sayings and
championed strong family loyalty, ancestor ideas attributed to the Chinese
veneration, and respect of elders by their philosopher Confucius and his Analects
children and of husbands by their wives, contemporaries, traditionally believed to
recommending family as a basis for ideal have been compiled and written by Confucius
government. He espoused the well-known Confucius's followers
principle "Do not do unto others what you do
not want done to yourself", the Golden Rule.
Confucius is widely considered as one of the
most important and influential individuals in
shaping human history. His teaching and
philosophy greatly impacted people around
the world and remains influential today

Chinese Literature

Lao Tzu
The Tao Te Ching, along with the
Zhuangzi, is a fundamental text for both
The Art of War

The history of Chinese literature extends philosophical and religious Taoism. It

thousands of years, from the earliest recorded also strongly influenced other schools of
dynastic court archives to the mature Chinese philosophy and religion,
Sun Tzu

vernacular fiction novels that arose during the
Ming dynasty to entertain the masses of
literate Chinese
including Legalism, Confucianism, and
Buddhism, which was largely interpreted
through the use of Taoist words and
concepts when it was originally
introduced to Chin
 Japan is an island country in East Asia.
Japan Many global tournaments

1959
Princess, wearing a Jūnihitoe, 10 April
Empress Michiko, then Crown
are held in China Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off

in three-tiered box
Osechi, new year special dishes
the eastern coast of the Asian continent
China and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in
the north to the East China Sea and the
Philippine Sea in the south. Japan is the
world's 4th largest island country and
encompasses about 6,852 islands. The
stratovolcanic archipelago has five main
islands: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu,
Shikoku and Okinawa which make up
about 97% percent of Japan's land area.
Also the second populous island country.

important or strategic sites

The national flag of Japan is a rectangular
white banner bearing a crimson-red disc at
its center. This flag is officially called
Nisshōki , the "sun-rise flag", but is more
commonly known in Japan as Hinomaru ,
the "circle of the sun". It embodies the
country's sobriquet: Land of the Rising
Sun.
Castles in Japan were built to guard
Tokyo, officially Tokyo Metropolis is
one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. It
has served as the Japanese capital since
1869. As of 2018, the Greater Tokyo
Area ranked as the most populous
metropolitan area in the world.

Culture Early Japanese culture was heavily influenced by China. During the Edo era,
Japan exercised a strict isolationist policy, closing its doors to all relationships
with the outside world. This cultivated a distinct Japanese culture. After the fall of
that era in 1868, Japan reversed this practice, adopting cultural practices from all
over the world and mixing them with what was established during the Edo era.
Over the years, Western culture has influenced all aspects of Japanese culture
including art, lifestyle and food.
Religion in Japan Shintoism Buddhism Japanese Literature
There are two main religions in Japan:
Shinto and Buddhism. Shinto is a
Japanese religion, while Buddhism was
imported in the 6th century from China.
A recent poll found that 39% of Japanese
people identify as Buddhist, 3.9% as
Shinto and 2.3% as Christian.

The Byōdō-in Buddhist temple,

located in Uji, Kyoto Haruki Murakami

The torii of Itsukushima Shinto Shrine

near Hiroshima, one of the Three Views of
Japan and a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Haruki Murakami is a Japanese writer.

Early works of Japanese literature were
heavily influenced by cultural contact
with China and Chinese literature, often
written in Classical Chinese. Indian
literature also had an influence through
the separation of Buddhism in Japan
Notable works
A Wild Sheep Chase (1982)
Norwegian Wood (1987)
His books and stories have been
bestsellers in Japan as well as
internationally, with his work being
translated into 50 languages and selling
millions of copies outside his native
country. His work has received
numerous awards, including the World
Fantasy Award, the Frank O'Connor
International Short Story Award, the
Franz Kafka Prize, and the Jerusalem
Prize

The Wind-Up Bird Chronicle (1994–95)

Kafka on the Shore (2002)

1Q84 (2009–10)
 Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese animator,
filmmaker, screenwriter, author, and My Neighbor Totoro
manga artist. A co-founder of Studio
Ghibli, a film and animation studio, he Ponyo Music
has attained international acclaim as a
masterful storyteller and as a maker of
animated feature films, and is widely Spirited Away
regarded as one of the greatest animation
filmmakers of all time. Born in Bunkyō
Ward of Tokyo, Miyazaki expressed Howl’s Moving Castle
interest in manga and animation from an
early age, and he joined Toei Animation
in 1963.

Animation

Japanese animated films and television

series, known as anime for short, were
largely influenced by Japanese manga
books and have been extensively popular
in the West. Japan is a world-renowned
powerhouse of animation. Famous anime
directors include Hayao Miyazaki,
Osamu Tezuka and Isao Takahata

Hayao Miyazaki

Japanese music is eclectic and diverse.

Noh performance at a Shinto shrine
Many instruments, such as the koto, were
introduced in the 9th and 10th centuries.
The accompanied recitative of the Noh
drama dates from the 14th century and
the popular folk music, with the guitar-
like shamisen, from the sixteenth.[351]
Western classical music, introduced in
the late 19th century, now forms an
integral part of Japanese culture. The
imperial court ensemble Gagaku has
influenced the work of some modern
Western composers
 Traditionally, sumo is considered Japan's
national sport. Japanese martial arts such
as judo, karate and kendo are also widely
practiced and enjoyed by spectators in
the country. After the Meiji Restoration,
many Western sports were introduced in
Japan and began to spread through the
education system
Places to visit in Japan
Mount Fuji Japan”s most
recognizable landmarks
The Island Shrine of Itsukushima
Japan's Shrine Island

Sumo wrestlers form around the referee Historic Kyoto

during the ring-entering ceremony

Sports
Sapporo, Hokkaido

Osaka Castle

A plate of nigiri-zushi

Japanese cuisine is based on combining staple

foods, typically Japanese rice or noodles, with a
soup and okazu – dishes made from fish, vegetable,
tofu and such – to add flavor to the staple food. In
the early modern era ingredients such as red meats
that had previously not been widely used in Japan
were introduced. Japanese cuisine is known for its
emphasis on seasonality of food, quality of
ingredients and presentation. Japanese cuisine offers
a vast array of regional specialties that use
traditional recipes and local ingredients