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 Fetal Period Epochs
• Transition from the embryonic period to the fetal period occurs at 7
weeks after fertilization, corresponding to 9 weeks after onset of the
last menses.
 12 Gestational Weeks
• The uterus usually is just palpable above the symphysis pubis.
• Fetal growth is rapid.
• Fetal crown-rump length is 5 to 6 cm.
• Skin and nails develop.
• The external genitalia are beginning to show deinitive signs of male
or female gender.
• The fetus begins to make spontaneous movements.
 16 Gestational Weeks
• Fetal growth slows at this time.
• The crown-rump length is 12 cm.
• The fetal weight approximates 150 g.
• Eye movements begin at 16 to 18 weeks.
• Midbrain maturation.
• By 18 weeks in the female fetus, the uterus is formed and vaginal
canalization begins.
20 Gestational Weeks
• This is the midpoint of pregnancy as estimated from the Last
Menstruation Period (LMP).
• The weight is more than 300 g.
• Brown fat forms.
• Fetal skin become less transparent.
• Downy lanugo covers its entire body, and some scalp hair can be
seen.
• Cochlear function develops between 22 and 25 weeks.
24 Gestational Weeks
• The fetus now weighs almost 700 g.
• The skin is characteristically wrinkled, and fat deposition begins.
• The head is still comparatively large, and eyebrows and eyelashes are
usually recognizable.
• By 24 weeks, the secretory type II pneumocytes have initiated surfactant
secretion .
• By 26 weeks, the eyes open.
• Nociceptors are present over all the body, and the neural pain system is
developed.
• The fetal liver and spleen are important sites for hemopoiesis.
• The survival rate at 24 weeks is barely above 50 percent, and only
approximately 30 percent survive without severe morbidity.
 28 Gestational Weeks
• The crown-rump length approximates 25 cm
• The fetus weighs about 1100 g.
• The thi
• The thin skin is red and covered with vernix caseosa.
• The bone marrow becomes the major site of hemopoiesis.
• Normal neonate born at this age has a 90-percent chance of survival
without physical or neurological impairment.
32 and 36 Gestational Weeks
• At 32 weeks, the fetus has attained a crown-rump length
approximating 28 cm.
• A weight of about 1800 g.
• The skin surface is still red and wrinkled.
• At 36 weeks the fetal crown-rump length averages about 32 cm.
• The weight approximates 2800 g.
• Normal fetuses have nearly 100-percent survival rate.
40 Gestational Weeks
• The fetus is now fully developed.
• The average crown-rump length measures about 36 cm
• The average weight approximates 3500 g.