GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.1

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 1

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

INTRODUCTION
LPG consists of mixture of propane and butane which is highly flammable chemical. It is
odorless gas due to which Ethane oil is added as powerful odorant, so that leakage can be easily
detected. There are other international standards like EN589, amyl mercaptane and
tetrahydrothiophene which are most commonly used as odorants.
LPG is one of the alternate fuels used now days. Sometimes liquefied petroleum gas is
also known as LPG, LP gas, Auto gas etc. This gas is commonly used for heating appliances, hot
water, cooking, and various other purposes also. LPG is also used as an alternate fuel in vehicles
due to soaring in the prices of petrol and diesel.
Some people have low sense of smell, may or may not respond on low concentration of
gas leakage. In such a case, gas leakage security systems become an essential and help to protect
from gas leakage accidents. A number of research papers have been published on gas leakage
security system.
Embedded system for Hazardous gas detection and Alerting has been proposed in
literature. Where the alarm is activate immediately, if the gas concentration exceeds normal
level. Bhopal gas tragedy was an example of gas leakage accident in India. This was world’s
worst gas leakage industrial accident.

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 2

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.2

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 3

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

LITERATURE SURVEY
In this paper, the gas leakage resulting into fatal inferno has become a serious problem in
household and other areas where household gas is handled and used. It alerts the subscriber
through the alarm and the status display besides turning off the gas supply valve as a primary
safety measure. [1]

In this paper, this system detects the leakage of gas and alert the customer by an SMS
and as an emergency measure the system will turn off the power supply, while activating an
alarm. The additional advantage is that it continuously monitors the level of LPG present in the
cylinder using load sensor. In this paper, the gas sensor senses the gas and the information send
to the microcontroller which can turn off the power supply [2]
An FPGA –GSM based gas leakage detector with a warning call
An FPGA –GSM based gas leakage detector with a warning call initiating feature to the
first response team is presented. The FPGA detects the leakage and initiates a warning call
through a GSM module. A prototype of the gas leakage detector has been developed and
successfully tested with LPG. [3]

This paper demonstrates a In this communication, an efficient method of detecting the

leakage of cooking gas and alerting people about its occurrence via the use of existing Global
System for Mobile Communication (GSM) infrastructure was developed. The GSM-based gas
leakage alert system utilizes a gas sensor to detect leakages in the event that it occurs and then
send short message to a predefined telephone number. MQ2 gas sensor, PIC 16F877A
microcontroller, GSM modem and a DC stepper motor are the main hardware components
employed in the development the gas leakage detection and alert system [4]

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 4

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.3

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 5

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

PROBLEM STATEMENT

In the current days LPG is widely used in home appliances and vehicles, people
ignore the leakages of gas which causes harm to human so the system is required which detects
the leakage of gas and alert to the user also it measure the level of LPG and done theprocess for
refilling.

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 6

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.4

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 7

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

OBJECTIVES

• To detect the leakage of LPG gas in a closed environment, if any.

• To inform the user about the leakage of gas via SMS.

• To activate the alarm unit to inform neighbours about the gas leakage.

• To switch on the exhaust fan as a primary preventive measure against gas leakage.

• To turn off main power supply after gas leakage.

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 8

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.5

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 9

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

METHODOLOGY:

The functionality of system is divided into three main steps. The fig. 1 shows the block diagram
of gas leakage security system

Exhaust
fan

MQ-6 GAS Microcontroller GSM

sensor Module

LCD Buzzer

Fig1: Block Diagram

DESCRIPTION

Initially, the microcontroller sends signal to the GSM module and if the GSM module is
connected properly with the microcontroller it sends an acknowledgement signal back to the
microcontroller. Then if there is any gas leakage in the atmosphere it is detected by the gas
sensor unit using MQ-6 sensor. After the sensor unit detects the gas leakage, a signal is sent to
the ADC unit of the microcontroller which then sends activation signal to other external devices
connected to it such as buzzer, GSM module, and exhaust fan.

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 10

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

 89c51 Microcontroller:

AT89C51 is an 8-bit microcontroller and belongs to Atmel’s 8051 family. ATMEL

89C51 has 4KB of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM) and 128 bytes
of RAM. It can be erased and program to a maximum of 1000 times.

In 40 pin AT89C51, there are four ports designated as P1, P2, P3 and P0. All these ports
are 8-bit bi-directional ports, i.e., they can be used as both input and output ports. Except
P0 which needs external pull-ups, rest of the ports have internal pull-ups. When 1s are written to
these port pins, they are pulled high by the internal pull-ups and can be used as inputs. These
ports are also bit addressable and so their bits can also be accessed individually.

 MQ-6 Gas Sensor:

MQ6 is a semiconductor type gas sensor which detects the gas leakage. The sensitive
material of MQ-6 is tin dioxide (SnO2). It has very low conductivity in clean air [4]. This Gas
sensor not only has sensitivity to propane and butane but also to other natural gases, low
sensitivity to cigarette smoke and alcohol. The MQ-6 gas sensor is shown in fig. 2. This sensor
can also be used for detection of other combustible gas such as methane.

 GSM Receiver:

GSM module is used to send an SMS to the user cell phone [8]. When the gas leakage is
detected by the gas sensor, microcontroller sends a signal to GSM module [2], in which one of
the tasks is to send the text SMS. GSM module requires one SIM card [17]. This module is
capable to accept any network SIM card. Fig. 4 shows a GSM module IC(Integrated circuit).
This module has a unique identity number like mobile phones have. These module works on 12V
DC supply [18]. We can send SMS and also send a voice message. These SMS or voice
messages are saved in the microcontroller memory. Multiple SMSs can also be sends to user,
police and fire station etc.

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 11

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

 Power Supply:

The electrical power is almost exclusively generated, transmitted and distributed

in the form of ac because of economical consideration but for operation of most of the electronic
device and circuits, dc supply is required. Dry cells and batteries can be used for this purpose.
Nowadays, almost all electronic equipment include a circuit that converts ac supply into dc
supply. The part of equipment that converts ac into dc is called DC power supply. In general
at the input of the power supply there is a power transformer. It is followed by a rectifier (a diode
circuit) a smoothing filter and then by a voltage regulator circuit.

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 12

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.6

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 13

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

Fig2: Circuit Diagram

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 14

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.7

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 15

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

FLOWCHART :

Fig3: Flowchart

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 16

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.8

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 17

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

EXPECTED RESULTS :

The designed system prevents gas leakage inside homes as well as outside homes. The
system detects the LPG gas concentration in the air if it exceeds a safety level and then responds
by using GSM to send an SMS to the consumer. The LED and Buzzer are activated to alert the
consumer in case of gas leakage and the system displays the message on LCD display.

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 18

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.9

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 19

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

ADVANTAGES :

This is an important sensor based project which has the latest technology implemented in
it. And it has many applications & advantages as mentioned below.

 It insures the security from the gas leakage and hazards

 Easy implementation.
 It is fully automated system; errors due to human are control.
 The Project is easy to use and it gives remote indication to the user.
 The Sensor used in this Project has excellent sensitivity combined with a quick fast
response time
 In the long run the maintenance cost is very less when compared to the present systems.
 It is possible to get instantaneous results and with high accuracy.

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 20

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.10

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 21

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

WORK PLAN (MONTH WISE) :

Sr. No. Month Details of Work Carried Out

1. July 2019 Finalization of the project title

2. August 2019 Submission of project synopsis & seminars on

project topic

3. September 2019 component selection, Circuit diagram design and

Simulation of project circuit diagram

4. October 2019 1st phase of project work & publish one review
paper on the project in international journal/SCI
peer reviewed journal

5. November 2019 2nd phase of project work i.e. completion of project

work

6. December 2019 Report writing and one paper will publish in UGC
approved peered reviewed international journal

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 22

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.11

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 23

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

FACILITIES REQUIRED :

• Proteus Software

• PCB Designing Lab

• MPLAB Software

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 24

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

Chapter No.13

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 25

 GSM Based Gas Leakage Detection System

REFERENCES:

[1] Jain.A, Kumar.D, and Kedia .J, “Design and development of GSM based energy
Meter,” International Journal of Computer Application, vol.47, no.12, June 2012.

[2] Ashish Shrivastava, Ratnesh Prabhaker, Rajeev kumar and Rahul Verma, “GSM
Based Gas Leakage Detection System”, International Journal of Technical Research
and Applications Volume 1,Issue 2(May-june2013)

[3] Akyildiz, I. F. and M. C. V uran (2010). Wireless sensor networks, John Wiley &
Sons.

[4] Al-Karaki, J. N. and A. E. Kamal (2004). "Routing techniques in wireless sensor

networks: a survey." Wireless communications, IEEE 11(6): 6-28.

[5] A Wireless Home Safety Gas Leakage Detection System: Luay Friwan, Khaldon
Lweesy , Aya Bani-Salma , Nour Mani. IEEE 2011.

SVERI's COE, Pandharpur 26