A.

GRAMMAR
In this lesson, you can learn about the present simple tense. How many ways do you know to use the
present simple? The present doesn’t just have one or two uses; there are at least 7 common uses and many
more special cases.

PRESENT SIMPLE
USAGE:
- Talking about regular actions ( Advs: never, sometimes, seldom, occasionally, usually, always, every
day, on Sundays, once a week, in summer…)
They have breakfast at 6 o’clock.
- To talk about permanent situations: I work in London.
- To state general truths: The earth goes round the sun./ Elephants lives for 60 or 70 years.
- Talking about the states and situations. You seem a bit quiet today.
- Using the present simple with verbs of sensing, feeling, thinking or speaking (sensing verbs: hear, see,
smell; feeling: like, love; hate; speaking: promise, admit, advise)
- This cheese smells a bit strange
- Talking about long- lasting situations: She lives with her friends.
- Instructions: You mix the soup with some cream at the end.
- In clauses of time, condition and referring to the future. It’s used after: When, if, before, after, until, as
soon as
I will give her the message when she comes back.
- In newspaper headlines: President receives huge welcome.
PRESENT CONTINOUS
- To talk about the present moment or present time period and will continue for a limited time (right now,
at the moment, now, present, these days, this week, this month, today…)
They’re eating breakfast at the moment.
I’m working in America this week. (It means: I don’t usually work in America.)
- For an action around the time of speaking, which has begun but is not finished.
I’m doing my homework.
I’m looking round the shops.
- For changing or developing situations.
That group’s becoming more well- known.
The number of cars on the road is increasing rapidly each year.
- With a word like always or continually, if you want to criticize or complain.
You’re always buying new clothes! (You buy too many).
- A future intention with a verb of motion.
We’re driving up to Hochiminh City next week.

NOTE: STATE VERBS

These verbs are nearly always used in the present simple rather than a continuous tense. They are
thoughts, feelings, belonging and the senses.
Ex: I want that special CD. (Not I am wanting that special CD.)
- THOUGHTS: believe, know, mean, realize, recognize, remember, suppose, understand, feel, think
I think you are wrong.
 We feel this letter should be changed.
Note: Feel and think are not state verbs when they mean the action: I’m thinking about my holiday./ We
are feeling cold.
- FEELINGS: adore, dislike, despite, hate, like, love, want, wish, prefer
- BELONGING: belong, have, have got, own, process
The manager has the biggest company car.
Note: Have can be continuous when it does not mean “possess”
We’re having breakfast right now.
- SENSES: smell, taste, hear, see
I hear What you are saying to me, but I don’t agree.
+ We use can with the verb to show we are talking about this moment: I can see the post man at the gate.
Note: Taste and smell can be continuous when they mean the action: I am tasting the sauce.
+ See can be continuous when it means “meet”: Are you seeing Tom today?
- Other state verbs: contain, deserve, fit, seem, look, look like, matter, weigh:
Mark weighs 70 kilos.
Note: Weigh can be continuous when it means the action:
The shop assistants weighing the cheese.
EXERCISE PAGE 10.
Ex1. Key
1. Routines- things we do every day.
2. Things that are happening now.
3. The present continuous.
Ex2. Key
1. I’m sitting 6. I’m writing
2. Watching 7. Mum’s cooking
3. I watch 8. She usually makes
4. I get 9. She never has
5. I get I’m typing 10. We’re working and studying

HANDOUTS:
Ex1. In five of these sentences there is a verb in the wrong tense. Underline each mistake and write
the correction.
1. My brother lives with us until he can find a flat of his own.  is living
2. These days we’re always having tests in school.
3. I’m not having enough money for a long holiday this year.
4. Everyone needs a break from work sometimes.
5. I’m liking a good cup of coffee after lunch.
6. I must lose weight. I’m weighing over 80 kilos.
7. Maria is going to the shops every Saturday morning.
8. What period of history are you studying this term?
KEY:
2. T
3. I’m not having I don’t have/ haven’t got
4. T
5. I’m liking I like
6. I’m weighing I weigh
7. Is going goes
8. T
Ex2. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verbs in the box.
behave come cost enjoy feel go have have like love
realize say serve show smile stay take visit
Dear Stephan,
How are you? We’re fine. Our trip round the States (1) is going well and we ………………(2) ourselves
very much. One good surprise is that things………………….(3) less here than back home. For example,
this weekend we………………(4) in a hotel beside a lake. We ……………(5) a room with a beautiful
view for only $35 per night.
The only thing we………….. (not) (6) much is the food. Restaurants ……………..(7) dinner rather early.
We………………(never) (8) at six o’clock at home so we……………………. (not) (9) hungry then and
Americans ………………………(10) very big meals. Apart from that, we………………………(11) a
wonderful time. We ……………….(12) lots of interesting little towns and we …………………..(13) the
scenery.
People here………………………(14) in a very friendly manner towards strangers, all the shop
assistants……………….(15) at us, and everyone…………………….(16) “ Have a nice day!”. At home,
the TV……………………(always) (17) us bad news stories about the States, but in fast, when
you……………..(18) here, you ……………………….(19) it’s a really great place.
We …………………….(20) lots of photos to show you.
Much love,
Mick and Mary

KEY:
2. Are enjoying 3. Cost 4. Are staying 5. Have 6. Don’t like 7. Serve
8. never eat 9. Don’t feel 10. Have 11. Are having
12. are visiting 13. Love 14. Behave 15. Smile 16. Says
17. is always showing (shows does not make clear that she is criticizing)
18. Come 19. realize 20. Are taking

B. READING (page 11. Compack Pet).

EX1/ 2: Linking words:
1. Express the reasons:
BECAUSE, AS, SINCE
- Introduce the reason for something
- Go at the beginning or in the middle of a sentence
They had to choose him as/ because/ since he’s the coach’s nephew.
- Because is stronger than as, since but they are often used in a similar way:
As/ since/ because I hadn’t done my homework, I didn’t understand the lessons.
SO/ THEREFORE
- Introduce the result of something. So goes in the middle of a sentence. Therefore goes at the
beginning of a new sentence.
They may need a goalkeeper so I want to be ready.
2. Express the purpose
IN ORDER TO/ SO THAT/ TO
To/ in order to be really fit, I’ve been training every day.
3. Express cause and effect
SO/ SUCH
He walked so slowly that we arrived late. (We arrived late because of slow walking speed)
He was such a slow walker that we arrived late.
- We can use So/ such after because:
Her teacher sent her home because she behaved so badly.
- So is followed by:
+ an adj/ adv: His father is so rich that she’s never travelled by bus.
+ much/ many and few with or without a now: I’ve got so few books I can keep them on one
shelf.
- Such is followed by:
+ ( a/ an )+ adj+ noun/ + noun: His father is such a rich man that she’s never travelled by bus.
+ The expression a lot of with or without a noun: He’s invited such a lot of people to the party.
4. In spite of and despite
- Are used to link an event with a situation which makes the event unlikely.
We enjoyed the trip despite/ in spite of the bad weather.
- Go at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence: We were very happy in spite of / despite
having little money.
- Are followed by ing or a noun: He continued to work in spite of / despite his illness/ being ill.
- Are often followed by “the fact that+ S+V”: Despite the fact that I had no experience, I got the
part.
5. BUT/ ALTHOUGH/ THOUGH/ HOWEVER
- Contrast two events or ideas
- But go in the middle of the sentence.
- Although/ though go in the middle of the sentence or at the beginning of the sentence. I like
making films but/ thought/ although I’m really a stage actor.
- However go in the beginning or in the middle of two sentences. Va no duoc tach ra bang mot dau
phay.
6. IF/ UNLESS
Use for condition sentences: If I don’t phone you tomorrow you’ll start at 9 o’clock.
UNLESS means “If not”. We use it for First condition (talk about possible situations) and zero
condition (for things which are generally true, Main (Present Simple)+ If(present simple)
UNLESS+ S+V (Simple present), S+ will/ can/ shall + V
If customers have to wait they get annoyed.
Unless I phone you tomorrow, you’ll start at 9 o’clock.

EXAM TASK (Compact PET 11)

WRITING EMAIL/ NOTE (INFORMAL: families, friends)- PART 2 (PET)

How to do part 2?
EXAMPLE: You have just stayed at your English speaking friend’s house for a week (a. Why). Write
an email (b. What) to your friend Adam. (c. Who) In your email you should:
- Thank him
- Tell him What you enjoyed most
- Invite him to stay at your house (d. three content points)

1. Read the task very carefully. Underline the following:

- Why you are writing?
- What you are writing?
- Who you are writing to?
- Three content points
Remember: Use connected words: So, and, but....
BEGINNING Beginning: Dear Sir and Madam with no name- Closing: Yours faithfully
Beginning: Dear Mr/ Mrs/ Ms + surname, - Closing: Your sincerely
Beginning: Dear/ Hi + name( friends, formal)- Closing: Best wishes
BODY Give clear reason for writing
- I am writing with regard to………../ to apply for…………./ to express interest
in………..
- I am writing to reply to your letter of [date]
- Further to our conversation,…
Ways of thanking someone
- Thank you/ Thanks (ever so much) for (giving me) such a nice present.
- It very kind of you to give me such a nice present.
Ways of explaining
- I can’t come to your party because I have to study for my exams.
- I have to study for my exams. That why I can’t come to your party
Ways of inviting
- I’m going to the Turkish restaurant. Would you like to come?/ I’d like you to
come.
Ways of apologising
- I’m so sorry for breaking your camera/ losing your dictionary/ hat.
- I’m so sorry that I broke your camera.
Ways of suggesting
- Why don’t we go to the cinema?
- How/ what about (going to) the cinema?
- Shall we go to the cinema?
 Ways of asking
- Can I borrow your camera/ could you lend me your camera?
- Would It be possible to borrow your camera?
CLOSING Summary and close your email
- I hope you find this information useful.
- I am looking forward to hearing from you/ seeing you soon.
- Best wishes/ Yours faithfully, all the best, see you soon.

EMAIL: Dear Eva,

How are you? I hope you are fine. I’m going to visit my friend this weekend but I have a big
problem. Somebody stole my new camera. Could you lend me your camera? I can visit you on
Friday. I will return it next Monday. Write to me soon.
Love,

HANDOUT.

Ex 3. Write what would you say in the following situations.

1. You can’t meet your friends at the weekend. Apologise.
2. You want to borrow your friend’s camera. Explain why.
3. You spent two wonderful weeks at your English- speaking friend’s house. Thanks him/ her.
4. Your English speaking friend has never been to your country. Invite him/ her.
5. You’ve arranged to meet an English speaking friend. Suggest a place to meet.
6. You forgot your friend’s birthday. Apologise.
7. You’re going to Hugh’s party. Ask him for directions to his house.
KEY:
1. I’m sorry that I can’t meet you at the weekend.
2. I’D LIKE TO BORROW YOUR CAMERA BECAUSE MINE IS BROKEN.
3. Thank you ever so much for the two weeks I spent in your house.
4. I know you’ve never visited my country. Would you like to come and stay in summer ?
5. Why don’t we meet in front of the cinema?
6. I’m so sorry for forgetting your birthday. I feel terrible.
7. Can you tell me how to get to your house, please?