Quiz 1

NAME: LUMABAS, ANNA ROSE P.

WIND MILL FARM PILILLA RIZAL

With the wind in my hair, and the earth beneath my feet, I am one with nature, my spirit is free.

We travel not to escape life. But for life not to escape us.
REFLECTION:

Windmills are indeed impressive engineering feats, with their towering majesty,

and, in the case of the Philippines, simple and sleek design. But while they are certainly

man-made, they have a beauty that makes them look very much part of nature. Perhaps

because they move gracefully with the wind, like pure white birds in constant circular

flight. The renewable energy company spearheading the windmill project, we found out

that Pililla has 27 windmills – or wind turbines – in total, and the electricity they generate

monthly can power 66,000 Metro Manila households consuming an average 200 to 300

kilowatts per hour. Each wind turbine is a towering 125 meters tall and its blades span

90 meters in diameterThe Windmill Farm is a good place to visit. It’s so nice that they

have built this in Rizal province and provides clean energy to the area. The place is also

very easy to visit and their are good visitors spots made for convenience. We really

enjoyed our visit to the Wind Farm. The views are great and the Wind Towers are huge.

You get really close to some of them. There is some information at a tourist Centre,

which is informative. Also the usual tourist and food shops. Worth paying 10 Pesos to

climb a little hill for a better view.

Quiz 2

Name: LUMABAS, ANNA ROSE P.

Power Plant: DIESEL

Auxiliary energy management system for mobile diesel electric power plants

An auxiliary energy management system in combination with a mobile diesel electric

power plant including a diesel engine, a turbocharger and a main alternator, wherein

said turbocharger is connected to said diesel engine so as to supply an inlet air flow

thereto and to receive an exhaust air flow therefrom and said main alternator is drivingly

connected to said diesel engine such that said diesel engine transmits rotary drive

motion thereto causing said main alternator to generate an electrical power output, said

auxiliary energy management system comprising:

a power assist device connected to said turbocharger and being operable in either an

electric motor mode to provide auxiliary rotary drive motion to said turbocharger or an

electric alternator mode to receive rotary drive motion from said turbocharger;

an energy storage device electrically connected between said power assist device and

said main alternator and being operable in either an energy capture mode to store

auxiliary electrical power or an energy supply mode to provide auxiliary electrical power

to auxiliary power loads; and a control mechanism electrically connected to said diesel

engine, said turbocharger, said power assist device and said energy storage device and

being operable to convert said power assist device to one or the other of said motor and

alternator modes in response to sensing performance of said diesel engine and said
turbocharger and operate said energy storage device in a corresponding one or the

other of said energy supply and capture modes.

An auxiliary energy management system includes a power assist device

connected to a turbocharger of a mobile power plant and operable in either electric

motor or alternator modes to supply or receive rotary drive motion to or from the

turbocharger, an energy storage device connected between the assist device and a

main alternator of the plant and operable in either energy capture or supply modes to

store electrical power or provide it to auxiliary power loads, and a control mechanism

connected to the assist and storage devices and operable to convert the assist device

between motor and alternator modes in response to sensing performance of the

turbocharger and a diesel engine of the plant and operate the storage device in supply

or capture modes.

Link: https://patents.google.com/patent/US20020116925A1/en
TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED DIESEL-WIND-PHOTOVOLTAIC

GENERATION SYSTEMS

A design tool was prepared in order to investigate, by means of software simulation

runs, the transient operation of such a power plant in stand alone conditions. The basic

idea is to analyse the transient behavior of Integrated Generation Systems (IGSs)

during sudden load variations, dump load insertions, and parallel operations regarding

both the rotating machinery and the static converters, which have different

characteristics, in order to evaluate the electrical and mechanical quantities either in

normal or in faulted conditions. Such an analysis can help to prevent or limit electrical

and mechanical stresses. To explore the above transients a comprehensive easy-to-use

software package is developed. The package has a Graphic User Interface (GUT) that

allows powerful and straightforward preprocessing of input data and also an interactive

run time of scheduled events and load power. The paper deals with the implementation

in a continuous simulation language of the dynamic model of an Integrated Generation

System (IGS) named "Combined Multiple Renewable Energy Sources System

Simulator" (CMRESSS). The software package is a useful tool to evaluate the IGS

electric transient behavior during the planning stage. Dynamic transients in normal and

faulted conditions are simulated exploiting the main features of the package which are

flexibility and Graphic User Interface (GUT) for easy handling of input data and events

scheduling. Simulation results are discussed and validated to demonstrate the validity of

the prososed approach. The results confirm the consistence of the simulation package

and the benefits achievable in preliminary design by comparative analysis of different

power plants.
LINK:https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Francesco_Bonanno/publication/3269720_Tr

ansient_analysis_of_integrated_diesel-wind-

photovoltaic_generation_system/links/54f442450cf2f9e34f0943dc/Transient-analysis-of-

integrated-diesel-wind-photovoltaic-generation-system.pdf
RELIABILITY OF DIESEL GENERATORS AT THE FINNISH AND SWEOISH

NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

The operating experiences Of 40 stand-by diesel generators at the Finnish and Swedish

nuclear power plants have been analysed with special emphasis on the impact of the

frequency Of surveillance testing and of the test procedure on diesel generator

reliability, the contribution of design, manufacturing, testing and maintenance errors and

the potential and actual common cause failures, The results pf the analyses consisted

both practical recommendations and mathematical reliability models and useful

reliability data.

The operating experiences of the stand-by diesel generators in the Finnish and Swedish

nuclear power plants have been analysed with special emphasis on impact of the

frequency of surveillance testing, and of the test procedure - contribution of design and

manufacturing errors contribution of the testing and maintenance errors, and the error

mechanisms potential of actual multiple failures (common cause failures). This paper is

based on a reliability study of diesel generators in Finnish and Swedish nuclear power

plants which was financed by Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate and Finnish utilities.

The operating experience of 40 diesel generators at Finnish and Swedish nuclear power

plants has been covered in this study. The list of studied plants with some technical

data is presented in table I. The failures until the end of 1981 are covered in this study.

The data base contained 40 diesel generators with about 150 accumulated diesel

generator years, about 4500 starts and about 6000 hours of DG operation. The failure

data were collected from the Finnish nuclear power plants by Technical Research

Centre of Finland and from the Swedish nuclear power plants by ASEA-ATOM. Analysis
and interpretation of failure information has been done in co-operation with personnel of

the nuclear power plants. The diesel generator (OG) assembly is defined here to consist

of diesel engine with auxiliaries, generator, starting air system and starting automatics

and generator breaker. The failure information, is obtained from descriptions in work

orders and failure reports and in A m ^-reports. In many cases the failures were

inadequately described, but the most important information about the criticality of failure

could be found out. The failure cases were also analysed and interpreted in co-

operation with plant personel.

LINK:https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/47/076/47076519.pdf?r

=1&r=1
Quiz 1

Name: SAQUITON, ORLANDO

“I can’t change the direction of the wind, but I can change myself to be better”
REFLECTION:

Wind energy is extracted from air flow using wind turbines or sails to produce

mechanical or electrical energy. We all know the the wind power are renewable, so it is

a good idea to use it for electricity. It creates electricity without using toxic waste or

fossil fuels which helps the environment. It is a massive help in our life that the nature

can give to us. But we, us treating the nature unfair to the point that the nature makes

our life easy and resourceful. We cannot always get what they always give, so be smart

or wise and save the nature for us to be save too. It is an investment having that kind of

machine because it saves more than what we pay in the beginning.

Quiz 2
Name: SAQUITON, ORLANDO

Power Plant: DIESEL

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Retrofits to an Isolated Off-grid Diesel Power Plant

The green sources of energy are being encouraged to reduce the environmental

pollution and combat the global warming of the planet. A target of 12% usage of wind

energy only has been agreed by the UNO country members to achieve by 2020. So, the

power of the wind is being used to generate electricity both as grid connected and

isolated wind-diesel hybrid power plants. This paper performed a pre-feasibility of wind

penetration into an existing diesel plant of a village in north eastern part of Saudi Arabia.

For simulation purpose, wind speed data from a nearby airport and the load data from

the village have been used. The hybrid system design tool HOMER has been used to

perform the feasibility study. In the present scenario, for wind speed less than 6.0 m/s

the, the existing diesel power plant is the only feasible solution over the range of fuel

prices used in the simulation. The wind diesel hybrid system becomes feasible at a wind

speed of 6.0 m/s or more and a fuel price of 0.1 $/L or more. If the carbon tax is taken

into consideration and subsidy is abolished, then it is expected that the hybrid system

become feasible. The maximum annual capacity shortage did not have any effect on the

cost of energy which may be accounted for larger sizes of wind machines and diesel

generators. It is recommended that the wind data must be collected at the village at

three different heights using a wind mast of 40 m for a minimum of one complete year

and then the hybrid system must be re-designed.

 Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364032105000560

Feasibility of Hybrid Retrofits to Off-Grid Diesel Power Plants in the Philippines

The Strategic Power Utilities Group (SPUG) of the National Power Corporation

(NPC) in the Philippines owns and operates about 100 power plants, mostly fueled by

diesel, ranging in energy production from about 15 kilowatt-hours (kWh)/day to 106,000

kWh/day. Reducing the consumption of diesel fuel in these plants, along with the

associated financial losses, is a priority for SPUG. The purpose of this study is to

estimate the potential fuel and cost savings that might be achieved by retrofitting hybrid

power systems to these existing diesel plants. As used in this report, the term ''hybrid

system'' refers to any combination of wind turbine generators (WTGs), photovoltaic (PV)

modules, lead-acid batteries, and an AC/DC power converter (either an electronic

inverter or a rotary converter), in addition to the existing diesel gensets. The resources

available for this study did not permit a detailed design analysis for each of the plants.

Instead, the following five-step process was used: (1) Tabulate some important

characteristics of all the plants. (2) Group the plants into categories (six classes) with

similar characteristics. (3) For each class of system, identify one plant that is

representative of the class. (4) For each representative plant, perform a moderately

detailed prefeasibility analysis of design options. (5) Summarize and interpret the

results. The analysis of each representative plant involved the use of time-series

computer simulation models to estimate the fuel usage, maintenance expenses, and

cash flow resulting from various designs, and to search the domain of possible designs

for the one leading to the lowest life-cycle cost. Cost items that would be unaffected by

the retrofit, such as operator salaries and the capital cost of existing equipment, were
not included in the analysis. Thus, the results are reported as levelized cost of energy

(COE) savings: the difference between the cost of the existing diesel-only system and

that of an optimized hybrid system, expressed in units of U.S. dollars per kWh

(US$/kWh) of energy production. This analysis is one phase of a study entitled

''Analysis of Renewable Energy Retrofit Options to Existing Diesel Mini-Grids,'' funded

by the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the U.S. Department of Energy

(DOE), and performed jointly by NPC, the U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory

(NREL), and Sustainable Energy Solutions in New York, New York (Morris et al. 1998).

A more detailed version of this paper is included in that report.

Link: https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1500046111

Optimal Sizing of Battery Storage for Hybrid (wind+diesel) Power Systems

Hourly mean wind-speed data for the period 1986–1997 [except the years 1989

(some data is missing) and 1991 (Gulf War)] recorded at the solar radiation and

meteorological monitoring station, Dhahran (26°C 32′ N, 50° 13′ E), Saudi Arabia, have

been analyzed to investigate the optimum size of battery storage capacity for hybrid

(wind+diesel) energy conversion systems at Dhahran. The monthly average wind

speeds for Dhahran range from 4.12 to 6.42 m/s. As a case study, the hybrid system

considered in the present analysis consists of two 10 kW Wind Energy Conversion

Systems (WECS), together with a battery storage system and a diesel back-up. The

yearly and monthly average energy generated from the above hybrid system have been

presented. More importantly, the study explores the impact of variation of battery

storage capacity on hybrid power generation. The results exhibit a trade-off between
size of the storage capacity and diesel power to be generated to cope with specific

annual load distribution [41,500], and for given energy generation from WECS. The

energy to be generated from the back-up diesel generator and the number of

operational hours of the diesel system to meet a specific annual electrical energy

demand have also been presented. The diesel back-up system is operated at times

when the power generated from WECS fails to satisfy the load and when the battery

storage is depleted. The present study shows that for economic considerations, for

optimum use of battery storage and for optimum operation of diesel system, storage

capacity equivalent to one to three days of maximum monthly average daily demand

needs to be used. It has been found that the diesel energy to be generated without any

storage is considerably high; however, use of one day of battery storage reduces diesel

energy generation by about 35%; also the number of hours of operation of the diesel

system are reduced by about 52%.

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960148198007964
Quiz 1

NAME: LUSTERIO, LAY CAROLINE H.

WIND MILL FARM PILILLA RIZAL

The wind
blows us, only to
where we should
be, only to where
our hearts wanted
to be; then I found
myself blown into
you.

We talked, we walked and we laughed but in a blink of an eye, it all become memories.
REFLECTION:

The Wind Mill Farm in Pililla, Rizal is one of the many tourist spot in Rizal. It is being

undertaken by Alternergy Wind One Corporation and it is consist of 27 wind turbine

generators with aggregate capacity of 67.5 megawatts (MW). As we reached the peak,

we are mesmerized by the gigantic structures that are rotating infinitely as well as the

view of the Laguna Bay. Seeing it personally is overwhelming because you will forget

the trials you’re facing at the moment. I realized that we can still enjoy and have fun

while studying. I know that life is tough but we need to be tougher because at some

point of our lives we’ll experience struggles so we need to prepare ourselves. Like a

wind mill our lives will continue to spin and spin until we get dizzy so let’s be prepared

and learn to go with the flow of life.

Quiz 2

Name: LUSTERIO, LAY CAROLINE H.

Power Plant: DIESEL

Performance Improvement of a Diesel Engine Power Plant with Optimal Utilization

of Waste Heat

The diesel engine also known as compression-ignition engine, is an internal

combustion engine which initiates ignition by the heat of compression and burns the fuel

that has been injected into the combustion chamber formed above the piston head. In

the study entitled Performance Improvement of a Diesel Engine Power Plant with

Optimal Utilization of Waste Heat, by Kithsiri, it discussed to develop a new model for

predicting whether the prevailing site conditions cause de-rating at a specific power

plant in Sri Lanka. The temperature and humidity of deviations at standard ISO

conditions in tropical countries drop significantly with the performance of diesel engine

used for power generation. The charge air temperature must be reduced in order to

achieve the required standard conditions in view of avoiding any de-rating of the

engines. So an absorption chiller system was proposed and designed to operate with

the waste heat recovery from the power plant, this proved that implementation of the

system is technically and economically feasible with a simple payback period of three

and a half years on the capital invested.

The model was applied to actual operational data of the selected power plant and

finally it was found a derated power of 417kW could be fully recovered by conditioning

the temperature and humidity of change air to obtain the ISO conditions, giving a benefit

equivalent fuel savings of 2233kg/day.

LINK: https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://www.diva-

portal.org/smash/get/diva2:943568/FULLTEXT01.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiA5Iyf_6blAhVaeX

AKHdkwCB0QFjAOegQIAxAB&usg=AOvVaw1IacR1lTZh1PH8xJCrTDJX

Diesel Plant Retrofitting Options to Enhance Decentralized Electricity Supply in

Indonesia

The use of diesel generators is one of the most prevalent means of providing

power to remote communities. Since diesels are usually the piece of equipment with the

highest maintenance cost and the maintenance costs are a direct function of operating

hours, it reduce the required maintenance expense of the system. There will also be a

reduction in the pollution due to the reduction in use of the generators. If an advance

system control is also installed, a reduction in the number of system operators can be

achieved, even with an expansion of service. The benefits of diesel retrofits are

dependent on the system design and retrofit option chosen. The cost-effectiveness of

adding wind and/or solar generators to the system depends primarily on the abundance

of the renewable resource and on the fuel price. Of all the retrofit options, the greatest

diesel fuel savings may be obtained by combining renewable with batteries.

This study considered the use of different combination of advanced diesel

control, the addition of wind generators, photovoltaics and batteries to reduce the

systems overall cost and fuel consumption. This analysis resulted in a general

methodology for retrofitting diesel power systems. This paper discusses five different

retrofitting options to improve the performance of diesel power systems. The systems

considered in the Indonesian analysis are cited as examples for the options discussed.
LINK: https://www.nrel.gov › oldPDF Diesel Plant Retrofitting Options to Enhance
Decentralized Electricity Supply in ... – NREL

Feasibility Study of Hybrid Energy System for Off-grid Rural Electrification in

Southern Pakistan

Energy is the backbone for the economic and social stability of a country. The

current demand of energy is increasing gradually due to growing population, the

aspiration for improved living standards and industrialization. Of these renewable

sources of energy, wind and solar are being widely used due to their commercial

acceptance; ease of installation, maintenance, and operation; and competitive capital

and maintenance costs (Shaahid and Elhadidy, 2007). According to Dutton et al., a

hybrid energy system operates with a combination of renewable sources of energy and

is a solution for remote area power generation. In the present case, a daily energy

consumption of 205 kWh and a peak power demand of 47 kW were considered. The

implementation of this project will result in the reduction of 69% in greenhouse gases

addition in the local atmosphere of the chosen site. The utilization of renewable sources

of energy will reduce the addition of greenhouse gases in the local atmosphere and also

reduce the dependency on the fossil fuel imports and consumption. The sensitivity

analysis

showed that photovoltaic/wind/diesel/battery hybrid configuration is the only feasible

systemunder given variations of different parameters.

LINK: M, Priyanka. (2012). Operation of Diesel Power Plant. Advanced Technologies in
Electrical and Electronic Systems.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220036919_Operation_of_Diesel_Power_Plan
t
Quiz 1
Name: Glenn Adrian B. Pujanes

WIND MILL FARM PILILLA, RIZAL

CAPTION:

“I can't change the direction of the wind, but I can adjust my sails to always reach my

destination."

REFLECTION:

The power that the nature can give to us is so massive that it could let us live more than we can

imagine, but why are we treating the nature like some kind of an atm machine where you can

always get money when there is. Let's be wise and save the nature for us to be saved too.
Quiz 2

Name: Glenn Adrian B. Pujanes

Power Plant: Diesel

Comparative Study on Performance of Compression Ignition Engine Operated On

Diesel & B100 Bio-Diesel

Bio-Diesel produced from Waste vegetable oil(WVO), straight vegetable oil (SVO) or

animal fat is as effective as Petroleum diesel.This study deals with preparation of Bio-

Diesel by Transesterification of Sunflower oil (triglycerides) with Methanol and NaOH as

catalyst at specific temperature resulting in formation of methyl-esters (Biodiesel).

The by-product, glycerol wasseparated and the methyl-ester was washed and dried.

The produced biodiesel was tested for its calorific value(38,048 KJ/Kg).

The engine performance was studied with 100% biodiesel (B100) and Diesel on a single

cylinder, 4 stroke compression ignition engine in terms of Mechanical Efficiency, Break

Thermal Efficiency and Specific Fuel Consumption.

These parameters were calculated for different loads andcompared for both the fuels.

The results showed that both the fuels were very close and similar, however the specific

fuel consumption for B100 was slightly higher than the Diesel.

The world is now completely dependent on burning the fossil fuels including coal, oil

and natural gas, which are currently the world's primary energy source.

The depletion of oil reserves and increased environmental concerns has laid the interest

in using bio-fuels for running engines and in power generation.

Biodiesel is renewable, biodegradable, oxygenated and environmental friendly bio-fuel

with which can deliver performance very similar to petroleum diesel.

Biodiesel is closely similar to diesel with respect to viscosity, density and surface

tension.

There is no requirement of altering the design of an engine or no adjustment is required

to operate it on bio-diesel.

The cloud point (CP) which is the temperature at which the fuel forms solid phase and

Cold filter plugging point (CFPP) which is lowest temperature at which the biodiesel can

pass through a standard filter at specific conditions, is higher than that of diesel fuel and

this problem can be solved by blending biodiesel with low sulphur diesel.

Biodiesel, technically known as mono-alkyl ester of long chain fatty acids is derived from

vegetable oils or animal fats by process called Transesterification by adding methanol .

Transesterification can be done using three types of catalysts: alkali catalyst, acid

catalyst and lipase as catalyst .

Using a strong alkali catalyst for transesterification is most widely used and economic

process because of the reasons such as high conversion rates (98%), minimum

reaction time, low temperature and pressure.

Strong alkali such as Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or Potassium hydroxide (KOH) is

generally used.

The amount of alkali catalyst (Noah) to be used for this process may range from 0.5% to

1% w/w .

The amount of Methanol to be used is derived from the experiments performed by

Bernard Freedman , where a molar ratio of 6:1 is very much suitable and can obtain

98% conversion of vegetable oil into biodiesel.

The standard temperature for the reaction to occur when using an alkali catalyst is 600C

to 700C .

In this study the sunflower oil is converted into Biodiesel and is tested for the calorific

value.

The biodiesel is tested for its performance, on a single cylinder diesel engine test rig

operating at different loads.

The results are then compared with the performance parameters of same engine

operated on diesel.

Link:

https://www.academia.edu/37921975/Comparitive_Study_on_Performance_of_Compre

ssion_Ignition_Engine_Operated_On_Diesel_and_B100_Bio-Diesel
Quiz 1
Name: Joshua Dacuital

WIND MILL FARM PILILLA, RIZAL

SOM

ETIM

ES IN

THE

WIND

OF

CHA

NGE WE FIND OUR TRUE DIRECTION

REFLECTION:

Windmills have been around for hundreds of years, but it is only recently that

they have been used purely to produce energy; in the past the energy was solely used

in food production. Nowadays the energy is channelled off and used for electricity. I

personally feel that wind farms are a great idea and that more should be built.

It was my first time to be in one of the place I always wanted to be- a windmill

farm. I thought we would have just fun there, but then I was wrong. I learned a lot from

that farm. Maybe for others, it just an ordinary windmill but for me it is different because

there are lot to be enjoyed and learned. While I was buying stuffs in that farm, a woman

told me about windmill in Pililia, Rizal. She shares something amazing and fun. It is the
first Luzon-based wind farm outside Ilocos Norte. There are 27 wind turbines in this

wind farm. Each windmill can generate 2 megawatts of power, producing 54 megawatts

of energy in all.The construction of the windmills began by 2013, and the project were

finished three years after. The rise of Pililla Wind Farm provides not just electricity, but

also a boost in tourism in the municipality. The place became viral across social media,

and until today, many travelers visit this place to have a personal encounter with these

gigantic wind turbines.

We dont need to travel for more than 8-12 hours just to get in a windmill farm at

Ilocos Norte, because there is one more convenient and quite amazing windmill farm

locatedin Barangay Halayhayin in Pililla, Rizal.

Quiz 2

Name: DACUITAL, JOSHUA C.

Power Plant: DIESEL

Feasibility Assessment of a Diesel Power Plant: A Review

A Diesel power plant utilizes a Diesel motor. Of a wide range of standard prime

movers of comparable size, the Diesel motor has the most noteworthy warm

productivity. Diesel motors are delegated two-stroke and four-stroke motors. The

consistent weight procedure is seen in the Diesel cycle; the steady volume procedure is

noted in the Otto cycle. The Diesel cycle can work with a higher pressure proportion

than the Otto cycle. High-pressure warmth of air is the wellspring of start vitality in

C.I. motors, while a sparkle attachment gives start vitality to S.I. motors. M.E.P. is

characterized as the mean weight which, whenever forced on the cylinders consistently,

would create the system of the cycle. The perfect Diesel cycle pursues four particular

procedures, i.e., isentropic pressure, consistent weight burning, isentropic extension,

and steady volume cooling. The Otto cycle additionally includes four procedures, i.e.,

isentropic pressure, steady volume ignition, isentropic extension, and consistent volume

cooling. The diesel power plant has different focal points. Among them are little plant

region, high productivity and straightforward design of the plant. Then again, the

disservices of diesel power plant

can't be overlooked also. Diesel power plant influences the natural, high activity, upkeep

Cost and unit cost of the plant. These variables relies upon specific criteria, for example,

the fuel cost of each nation might be vary from one another.

LINK: https://repit.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/kpmg-image-study-diesel-power-plant-2010.pdf

Image Study Diesel Power Plants:

Study on image and actual potential of engine-based power plants

The present market place is profoundly focused and covers a various rangeof

items and innovations. A developing worry about the effective utilization of assets also,

the decrease of outflows will have an enduring effect on future advancements inside the

business. The principle objective of this examination, which was directed by KPMG in

the interest of MAN Diesel and Turbo SE, is to research motor based power plants

dependent on four particular criteria: innovative progression, vitality and ecological

arrangement and effect, cost adequacy, and adaptability. The real discoveries are being

contrasted and the current picture of the motor innovation while contending choices, for

example, coal-, atomic , or on the other hand gas turbine-based power plants are

looked at also. The investigation demonstrates that there is an exceptionally wide range

of various components that should be thought about when assessing distinctive power

plant alternatives and features the significance to make assessments on a case-by-case

premise.
 The best accessible innovation also as the best fuel type accessible ought to be

utilized when working fossil-based power plants. Particularly thinking about the

developing concern about the dependable utilization of assets, motor based

arrangements' similarly high productivity rates are a sure bit of leeway when it comes to

cost viability. On the equivalent token, the instability of the fuel cost consolidated with

the hugeness of fuel costs as an expense

parameter can considerably affect long haul figurings for fossil-based electriciy

generation.

LINK: https://repit.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/kpmg-image-study-diesel-power-plant-2010.pdf

A Life Cycle Comparison of Coal and Natural Gas for Electricity Generation and
the Production of Transportation Fuels

Interest for power is relied upon to increment in the following 25 years. Right

now, half of the power created in the U.S. is delivered utilizing coal. Albeit flammable

gas has customarily been utilized by the business, modern and private division, interest

for petroleum gas for power age has expanded in the previous decade and this

development is expected to proceed in the following 25 years. Since request is

becoming yet North American supply is relied upon to stay steady, elective wellsprings

of petroleum gas should be created. LNG has been distinguished as one option, and

designs to build imports of this fuel are in progress. Likewise, engineered gaseous

petrol could be delivered from coal to meet a portion of the expanding interest for

flammable gas. The interest for flammable gas by the transportation division is right now
insignificant, however overall enthusiasm on flammable gas determined transportation

fills, (for example, petroleum gas based Fischer-Tropsh Liquids and Compressed

Natural Gas) is expanding. The U.S. could either produce these powers inside, requiring

bigger imports of LNG, or import them from gaseous petrol rich nations. Then again, the

U.S. could deliver transportation energizes from coal. In spite of the fact that non-

existent in 2005, by 2030 coal-to-fluid fuel makers are expected to devour as a lot of

coal as coke plants. In this manner, the creation of transportation energizes is an extra

end-use where coal and petroleum gas could contend as the fuel of decision.

The objective of this examination is to analyze coal and flammable gas for use by

the electric power part and for the creation of transportation energizes in the following

25 years. This examination focuses on the existence cycle GHG discharges of these

fills. Notwithstanding looking at petroleum gas and coal to figure out which fuel is more

qualified for each end-use, a correlation of each end-use will likewise be performed so

as to help figure out which is a better utilization of each fuel.

LINK: https://www.cmu.edu/ceic/assets/docs/publications/phd-dissertations/2007/paulina-jaramillo-

phd-thesis.pdf
Quiz 1
Name: DACULAN, MARIA CLAUDINE G.

WIND MILL FARM PILILLA, RIZAL

I am the windmill of love, be my wind of romance but, never change your

direction.

REFLECTION:

Being happy isn’t having everything in our life be perfect.

Maybe it’s about stringing together all the little things.
 “Power is creating, Power is never in destroying ". Wind energy or wind power is

extracted from air flow using wind turbines to produce mechanical or electrical energy".

Wind power is mostly used in open areas or in empty farmland with lots of win.

Renewable energy in the Philippines is becoming increasingly popular. As an alternative

source of electricity and fuel, wind energy generates no waste and is beneficial to

people as well as to the environment. Use wind power for electricity is a good idea

because wind power is renewable. It was in 2008 when the Department of Energy

granted permission to Alternergy in creating a wind farm in the mountain slopes of

Pililla, Rizal. Its purpose is to provide clean energy to the nearby towns and

municipalities of Rizal and Laguna. The construction of the windmills began by 2013,

and the project were finished three years after. Pililla Wind Farm's growth not only

provides electricity, but also a boost to the municipality's tourism. The place has

become popular via social media, and many travelers have been visiting this place until

today to have a personal encounter with these giant wind turbines. This Pililla Wind farm

is located in Barangay Halayhayin in Pililla, Rizal. It is the first Luzon-based wind farm

outside Ilocos Norte.There are 27 wind turbines in this wind farm. Each windmill can

generate 2 megawatts of power, producing 54 megawatts of energy in all. We arrived in

Pililla Wind Farm at 2 in the afternoon, and there is no entrance fee in this place. There

are available stores around the area where you can buy snacks, drinks and souvenirs. I

and my friends want to go in the Wind Mill 360 View and we paid PHP 10 for the

entrance fee and climbed on top of the hill. Seriously, you have to climb this hill for a

better viewing experience. I stand in the top of the hill and I saw how beautiful and

amazing God's creatures. This Alterenergy is one way to save one’s life and save the
earth. As a student of Technological Institute of the Philippines I can share my

knowledge to my co-fellow students that everything in this world that made of many

engineers is important because it can save the life of our earth. We are the Engineers of

God that have an ability to save everything through our knowledge and skills that God

given us.
Quiz 2
Name: DACULAN, MARIA CLAUDINE G.

Power Plant: DIESEL

Energy Transition from Diesel-based to Solar Photovoltaics-Battery-Diesel Hybrid

System-based Island Grids in the Philippines – Techno-Economic Potential and

Policy Implication on Missionary Electrification

Small island power systems have huge potential for transition from diesel power

plants (DPPs) to hybrid power systems. Diesel-powered island grids are generally

operated at low efficiencies and suffer from fluctuating fuel prices, resulting in high

power generation costs and ultimately shortages causing blackouts. In an archipelagic

country like the Philippines with more than 7,600 islands, the described energy

transition is particularly important. How to provide power to small remote islands to

improve local living conditions is a long-standing challenge. Electricity supply in such

remote areas is primarily based on diesel power plants, with unsubsidized off-grid

electricity costs up to six times the on-grid electricity cost. In addition, the quality of

supply is low and, in fact, more than 80% of the areas served by the public supplier for

small-scale generation are powered for less than 8 hours a day. While the Philippine

economy has been growing well over the past decade, this unsustainable scheme

remains a major burden for a country like the Philippines, where poverty is still prevalent

and most people on these islands have small incomes. Nevertheless, due to insufficient

electricity supply in remote areas, rapid economic growth is confined to a few highly

urbanized regions, while the rest of the country lags far behind in terms of living

standards, human development and economic opportunities. The techno-economic

potential of transitioning the 215 micro and mini-grids in islands spread across the

archipelago of the Philippines was investigated in this work. This is the first research to

measure the combined economic and environmental benefits of transforming DPPs into

solar PV-battery-diesel hybrid systems. This transformation will bring benefits to all

concerned parties. Next, the government in these islands could stop the increase or

even decrease the subsidy for missionary electrification. In addition, this would stop all

Philippine electricity consumers from through UCME collection. Secondly, the private

sector, which is expected to enter into a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with utilities

as New Power Producers (NPPs) or as a Qualified Third Party (QTP), offers financial

incentives with less costly hybrid power production and additional incentives for RE-

based generation. Third, 24/7 access to cleaner electricity will be provided to residents

in these island grids. Hopefully, this could translate into better economic opportunities

and productivity, thus improving their overall well-being.

Link: Ocon, J. D., Bertheau, P., Energy Transition from Diesel-based to Solar

Photovoltaics-Battery-Diesel Hybrid System-based Island Grids in the

Philippines – Techno-Economic Potential and Policy Implication on Missionary

Electrification, J. sustain. dev. energy water environ. syst., 7(1), pp 139-154, 2019

A Theoretical Study for Supporting an Autonomous Diesel Power Plant with a

Photovoltaic Generator
 Considering the current structure of the Italian electrical market and the need to

increase electrical output from renewable sources, this paper deals with a scientific,

economic feasibility study of a photovoltaic project that can support the existing diesel

power plant on the Tremiti Islands (South Italy). The cost of electrical output on the

Tremiti Islands has been around 2.8 GWh a year in recent years. Such principles do not

require the producer to generate energy from renewable sources or, as an alternative,

to buy Green Certificates (GC), according to the Italian laws in force. Five diesel

generators currently produce all the electricity on the Tremiti Islands, each having an

output equivalent to 800 kVA. The area used as power plant is 3.232 m2, it includes

diesel generators, voltage transformers, medium-voltage switchboard, transformer room

MT / bt, offices and store. In addition, electricity generation is about 2.8 GWh a year.

The average fuel consumption required to produce 1 kWh was obtained from both

engine technical data and during service measurements taken. This price was set at

0.33 l / kWh. Beginning with the Tremiti Islands ' annual average electricity production of

about 2.8 GWh, for the simulations we assumed that the photovoltaic plant had to be

designed to generate Eg=0.28 GWh, this cost being equal to 10% of the current

production. This study showed that taking into account current photovoltaic technology

prices and the lack of public economic incentives, investments are not considered to be

economically profitable. Nevertheless, the different situations that have been taken into

account have shown that if we assume that the working life of the electrical power plant

is equal to twenty years and if there are adequate public economic incentives, there is a

good economic advantage. In conclusion, the researchers believe they have identified a

method that can be useful for Italian lawmakers to estimate the price of state incentives
to assign energy to small producers, such incentives obviously have to be associated

with the cost of technology. Throughout this way it is possible to support the

development of photovoltaic technology, thereby complying with the Photovoltaic

Generator.

Link: Labini, M & Delvecchio, Giuseppe & Fraccalvieri, F & Neri, Ferrante &

Valenzano, B. (2004). A Theoretical Study for Supporting an Autonomous Diesel

Power Plant with a Photovoltaic Generator. Renewable Energy and Power

Quality Journal. 1. 10.24084/repqj02.313.

Operation of Diesel Power Plant

The diesel power plant is designed for stationary system base load operation and

is intended for parallel operation of electricity production with public supply as well as

operation in "island mode." This paper discussed the Tata diesel power plant case
study. The plant's capacity is 81.3MW. That DG has a capacity of 16.26MW. The plant

was designed to use light fuel oil (LFO) as standby fuel on heavy fuel oil (HFO). Annual

plant HFO consumption would be approximately 0.110 million tons. The power plant in

the field of power generation and transmission, by following green belt layout as per the

Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) guideline, maintaining a friendly

environment. Through following generally recognized diesel maintenance protocols and

relevant manufacturer instructions, it will ensure that when it is most necessary, the

standby power system will start and operate. Preventive maintenance for generators of

diesel engines plays a key role in improving reliability, mitigating repairs and reducing

long-term costs. Through following generally recognized diesel maintenance protocols

and relevant manufacturer instructions, it will ensure that when it is most necessary, the

standby power system will start and operate. The engine will be fitted with partial air

cooling and liquid cooling for injection systems to reduce water consumption. Since all

engines are "V" style, it is simple to design the balance, resulting in minimal noise and

vibration generation.

Link: M, Priyanka. (2012). Operation of Diesel Power Plant. Advanced Technologies

in Electrical and Electronic Systems.

Quiz 1

Name: SANCHEZ, JAYLA VERINZ

"When life brings big wind of change that almost blows you over, close your

eyes, hang on tight and believe."

REFLECTION:

Before our semestral break, our professor in Engineering Utilities 1, have

required us to go to Pililla Wind mill in Rizal that served as our final requirements for his

subject. Our main goal is to take an individual and group photo near the wind mill and to

know more about these windmills.

As we all know, windmill is a structure that converts the energy of wind into

rotational energy by means of vanes called sails or blades. The majority of modern

windmills take the form of wind turbines used to generate electricity, or wind pumps

used to pump water, either for land drainage or to extract groundwater. These windmills

are cost effective and produces clean source of electricity. And upon going to this place,

I've realized how beautiful these things are and not jusy only beautiful but also how

important these windmills to the people. One of our classmates who happened to be a

resident in Rizal told us that these windmills lessen the cost of their electricity and how

these windmills have been a great help to all the residents in Rizal.

According to the information that I've read in the poster in the tourist center, there

are total of 27 wind turbines and each turbine can produce 2MW. The entire farm is

estimated to be able to generate almost 150 Gigawatt hours of electricity every year.

“This means the electricity generated by this wind farm only needs to travel a short

distance to be consumed, ensuring all the electricity generated here will be used without

grid constraint or transmission loss,” Alternergy adds. With these we could see that
windmills are very helpful. These structures are not just only for tourist attraction but

behind these there are very helful benefits that people can get from.
Quiz 2

Name: SANCHEZ, JAYLA VERINZ

Power Plant: DIESEL

Lessons Learnt from Common-Cause Failure of Emergency Diesel Generators in

Nuclear Power Plants: A Report from the International Common-Cause Failure

Data Exchange (ICDE) Project

This report archives an investigation performed on a lot of regular reason

disappointment (CCF) occasions of Emergency Diesel Generators (EDG) at atomic

power plants. In May 2000, the ICDE Undertaking distributed a report abridging the

accumulation and examination of EDG CCF occasions. The report inspected 106

gathered occasions. Since that time, the ICDE Project has proceeded with the gathering

of EDG CCF occasions. The database presently incorporates 224 EDG CCF occasions

spreading over a period from 1977 through 2012. These occasions were analyzed by

arranging the information and watching patterns. When patterns were recognized,

singular occasions were assessed for bits of knowledge. The targets of this report are:

 To depict the information profile for EDG.

 To create subjective bits of knowledge in the idea of the detailed occasions,

communicated by main drivers, coupling components and remedial activities.

  To build up the disappointment components and marvels associated with the

occasions, their relationship to the underlying drivers and potential outcomes for

development.

This investigation shows an outline of the whole EDG informational collection. The

information range a period from 1977 through 2012. The information are not really finish

for every nation through this period. This data incorporates underlying driver, coupling

factor, watched populace (OP) size, restorative activity, the level of disappointment,

influenced subsystem, and recognition strategy. The level of disappointment depends

on characterized seriousness classes, which are utilized in the appraisal. Outlines and

Link : https://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/docs/2018/csni-r2018-5.pdf

Optimal Operation Scheme for Diesel Power Plant Units of PT. PLN-Manokwari

Branch using Lagrange Multiplier Method

Economic growth has been utilized in many power plants to advance the plants

activity. As one of strategy in financial dispatch, Lagrange multiplier technique was used

for computing the monetary activity in control arrangement of PT. PLN-Manokwari

branch which is the electrical organization working in zone of Manokwari. This power

framework incorporates nine units and the other rental units of diesel power plant. In

view of certain plans which had been structured and determined with Lagrange

multiplier strategy, the most monetary unit alludes to diesel power plant unit P1 with

prime mover DEUTZ BV8 M 628 while diesel power plant unit P6 with prime mover

MITSUBISHI S12 R-PTA is shown as the least financial unit at the framework. The
framework indicates presence of good effectiveness when working for plans 3500 to

6000 kW and for plans over 6000 kW, the working costs are expanding fundamentally in

the outcome of working of the low productive units. Consequence of estimation utilizing

normal every day producing force demonstrates that this power framework will be

exceptionally ideal utilizing financial dispatch.

Advancement of vitality sources to get the other action is the significant key to

build the consistent life level for individuals, anyplace they dwell in. The greatest

difficulties, which are looked by the world today, are the means by which to give vitality

any place it is required, how to change the vitality to the next structure what's more, how

to utilize it without creating any contamination. Diesel power plant (DPP) is a sort of

intensity plant that changes over petroleum product to be electrical vitality. The best

productivity of a transformation machine is about 80% yet for the most part it will be laid

in the middle of 40-60% [12]; along these lines the transformation procedure in DPP

may not over 80% of the effectiveness and it will convey a few toxins as the impact of

the procedure. As indicated by high portability and easy to be introduced, the DPP is to

some degree the best picked to be utilized in remote territory. The detriment of the DPP

is high activity cost for both fuel and support. By working the DPP in monetary activity,

the DPP will turn into ideal in creating vitality and after that the contaminations can be

diminished.

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S187802961300073X
Emission Control Diesel Power Plant for Reducing Oxides of Nitrogen through

Selective Catalytic Reduction Method using Ammonia

The examination of fumes outflow is a significant job in ecological science in light

of the fact that the increments of the petroleum based power plants and transportation

vehicles in the cutting edge living network on the planet. Simultaneously the unsafe

gases like Hydrogen Oxide (HO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) turn out from the fumes of

I.C. motor ought to be limited to item the green condition and safe to the human solid

life. Nitrates that structure in the environment from Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) mixes are

caught as little particles or as broke down corrosive in downpour or fog. The nitrates

that are deposited in soils can influence the pH of the dirt’s and the take-up of

supplements. Nitrates that arrive at surface waters, for example, rivers and lakes

increment the nitrogen substance of the water is nitrication procedure influences the

development of green growth and different life forms that can influence amphibian life.

The control of NOX will be one of the significant components in the treatment of

controls of PM2.5. NOX are the fundamental forerunners adding to the arrangement of

these exceptionally little particles in the air. Nitrates, intensifies that structure from NOX,

are one of the constituents of PM2.5 and one of the gatherings of synthetic compounds

that are accepted to cause unfriendly wellbeing impacts. NOx influences people at

outrageous level. Troubled issue of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emanation from I.C.

motor fumes gas and it is interrelated with climatic changes. When using coconut oil as

a fuel of I. C. motor that fumes discharge gives lesser CO, HC and NO and better warm

effciency think about than the diesel fuel1,2. The utilization of coconut oil as an elective
fuel in direct infusion diesel motor. It has been accounted for that the pinnacle warm

effciency for coconut oil was 28.67% and for diesel. It was 32.51%

NOx concentration rate in this power plant before using this Ammonia injection

system is 1100ppm. If this system is successfully implemented in the power plant, then

NOx co n-centration level can be reduced to approximately 132ppm (<2 g/kWh). The

results are encouraging and proposed method is well suited for pollution free

environment.

LINK:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328305429_5_Emission_control_diesel_

power_plantpdf
Quiz 1

Name: MADERAL, NOEL ISAAC V.

“TRAVELER BA O TRAVELLER? ‘TATLUHIN MO NA PARA SIGURADO’ KAYA

PALA TATLO KAMING PINAGSABAY-SABAY”

REFLECTION:

As I travel around Pililla, I noticed there are many wind mills. I realized that wind

energy is higher here in Pililla because of its high altitude and it is located on top of the

mountains. According to my research, Wind energy is extracted from air flow using wind

turbines or sails to produce mechanical or electrical energy. We all know the the wind

power are renewable, so it is a good idea to use it for electricity. It creates electricity

without using toxic waste or fossil fuels which helps the environment. It is a massive

help in our life that the nature can give to us. But we, us treating the nature unfair to the

point that the nature makes our life easy and resourceful. We cannot always get what

they always give, so be smart or wise and save the nature for us to be save too. It is an

investment having that kind of machine because it saves more than what we pay in the

beginning. A great power comes a great opportunity, in relation to the destination we

have travelled, a wind power supplies a great electricity for the benefit of the

communities to mitigate the consumption of energy that may cause pollution and natural

problems here on earth.

Quiz 2

Name: MADERAL, NOEL ISAAC V.

Power Plant: DIESEL

The Performance of Gas Turbine Power Plant Using 5% Biodiesel & 95% High
Speed Diesel

Indonesia is the largest producer of crude palm oil (CPO) in the world. Biodiesel
containing fatty methyl ethyl ester (FAME) is oil produced as a derivative process from
CPO. Biodiesel has properties similar to high speed diesel (HSD). The Minister of
Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) made a policy of using biodiesel as a mixture
of HSD to be used as fuel in the electricity and transportation sector. There are many
problems in the implementation of these fuels, especially in gas turbine power plants
such as the impact on performance and reliability. In this study, the effects of biodiesel
mixed with HSD were studied using a gas turbine power plant with a capacity of 18 MW.
The mixture of 5% biodiesel and 95% HSD (called B5) is used as fuel for testing for 1
month operation. As the results, B5 has reduced power production, increased fuel
consumption, and the potential for heat corrosion in hot gas lines. After carrying out
visual and deposit sampling inspections, found many deposits containing Carbon,
Sodium and Sulphur. Sediment samples were tested in the laboratory to find out metal
contaminants in deposits in the transition pieces, nozzle stages one, and noz-zle stages
two. The metal contaminants allegedly came from HSD and Biodiesel fuel.

Link: http://hjse.hitit.edu.tr/hjse/hjse/index.php/HJSE/article/view/416
 Effect of various nanoadditives on the performance and emission characteristics of a
diesel engine fuelled with jojoba biodiesel – diesel blend

Biodiesel is considered as a renewable, clean burning diesel and a better

replacement of available conventional petroleum based fuels. The edible (sunflower,
soybean, rapeseed etc.) and non- edible vegetable oils (palm, jatropha, jojoba etc.)
were served as potential feedstock to produce biodiesel. The review reports the results
of various researches work on the engine performance and emission characteristics of
diesel engine using different nanoadditives in jojoba biodiesel - diesel blends. Blending
of diesel with biodiesel in a diesel engine has gained importance, due to its economical
and environmental benefits. Jojoba biodiesel gained an importance as an alternative
fuel over conventional diesel fuel even with their unfavorable effects of power reduction.
The wide spread usage of nanoadditives to improve the combustion quality may be a
good solution of this problem. Blending of nanoparticles as an additives in biodiesel –
diesel blends improves the thermophysical properties, such as thermal conductivity,
mass diffusivity and high surface area-to- volume ratio. Based on the results available in
the literature, it has been found that nanoadditives with jojoba biodiesel - diesel blends
improve the performance of diesel engine and reduced the emission of toxic gases
depending upon the dosage of the nanoadditives.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1364-0321(99)00011-8

Operation of Diesel Power Plant

 Performance of an actual Diesel engine power plant with a rated output of
120 MW is analyzed based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The plant
consists of seven identical Diesel engines and various subsystems including
turbochargers, fuel heating units and heat exchangers performing various useful tasks.
The engine runs on heavy fuel oil, and the pollutant emissions from the engine are
greatly reduced by effective treatment systems. The characteristics and performance
parameters of the internal combustion engines of the plant are evaluated. The mass,
energy and exergy balances are verified for each flow stream in the power plant. The
work and heat interactions, the exergy losses and the efficiencies of various
components based on both energy and exergy concepts are evaluated. The thermal
and the exergy efficiencies of the plant are determined to be 47% and 44%,
respectively. The engine irreversibilities are due mostly to the irreversible combustion
process and account for 32% of the total exergy input and 57% of the total
irreversibilities in the plant. Most of the remaining irreversibilities in the plant occur in the
desulphurization, intercooler, compressor and lubrication oil cooler units. The results
should provide a realistic and meaningful ground for the performance evaluation of
Diesel engine power units, and it may be used in the design and of such systems.

Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890404002420
Quiz 1
Name: Carlo S. Talavera

WIND MILL FARM PILILLA, RIZAL

“Be happy with what you have. Be excited about what you want.”
REFLECTION:

Life is like air, so without air there is no life. What is a wind mill? A windmill is a structure

that converts the energy of wind into rotational energy by vanes called sails or blades.

The previous day we traveled 5 pm from manila to Pililla, Rizal at 9 pm we are tired and

hot in the flight so we stayed at my classmate's house and rested there. this morning

the day we planned to go to the windmill farm we were all excited and of course I was

happy because this is one of the conditions of our Professor going to Windmill Farm in

Pililla, Rizal, this is the second time i am going here and this too my favorite day of

going is because we are so close friends so I am so grateful and have this project

together. The type that I have been through a lot and have struggled with in my subjects

this semester, it's funny because our project to visit the windmill doesn't have to be

difficult because you just relax yourself while you feel the breeze blowing through you.

More over you will be truly amazed and wonder how important this Windmill is to our

lives.
Quiz 2
Name: Carlo S. Talavera

Power Plant: Development of

a Cost-Effective Solar/Diesel
Independent Power Plant for a Remote Station

1st Research Study

The paper addresses the design, simulation and optimization of a remote station's

hybrid solar / diesel power supply system. The development includes assessing the

total energy requirement for the station and collecting information on the station's solar

radiation. This data has been used to measure and determine the configuration of the

components of the hybrid power supply system (HPSS). In general, a suitable software

package, HOMER, was used to determine the number of solar panels, deep-cycle

batteries, and inverter ratings comprising the HPSS solar portion. Upon careful technical

and cost review of those on the market, a suitable diesel generator was also selected

for the HPSS.A costbenefit analysis of the HPSS was conducted based on a twenty-five

year life expectancy. This analysis shows that the HPSS has a lower cost than a

conventional power supply for a diesel generator, thus recommending the HPSS as a

more costeffective solution for this project.Using the HOMER software package, the

built system was simulated and the simulation results were used to optimize the

process. The final design meets the energy requirement of the station adequately.

Link: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jen/2015/828745/
 Performance investigation of
2nd Research Study

a hybrid PV‐diesel power system for

remote areas

Algeria is in a region with huge solar energy potential for generating electricity.

However, in the country, photovoltaic (PV) power plants and their applications such as

PV pumping, solar distillation, and solar heating have not yet been sufficiently

developed. The main problem is the high maintenance, operating costs, fossil fuel

transportation and CO2 emissions of Bordj Badji Mokhtar's (BBM's) diesel power plant,

which in southern Algeria exhibits a notable problem. This paper gives the results of a

theoretical and experimental find out about for PV/diesel hybrid power system (HES)

thinking about the load demand profile and the solar radiation in isolated place of south

Algeria. Suggested hybridization primarily based on a renewable power with a view to

an expanded surroundings is promising. Study effects show the overall performance of

PV/diesel gadget based on photo voltaic radiation. The experiment load curve in this

usual area may also behavior the diesel generator to operate at 60% to 70% of its

nominal energy with less fuel consumption, and it has been established for the duration

of this study that the implementation of a PV/diesel hybrid device is efficient for greater

load and higher solar radiation. Results and discussions are encouraging considering

much less emission of greenhouse gases and much less storage of fuel, which drives

the government to draw a political arrangement for the enhancement of cleaner types of

electrical energy generation.

Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/er.4301

3rd Research Study: Diesel engine performance and emissions with fuels derived

from waste tires

The disposal of waste rubber and scrap tyres is a sizeable trouble globally; disposal into

stockpiles and landfill poses a serious chance to the environment, in addition to growing

ecological problems. Fuel production from tyre waste may want to structure part of the

answer to this world issue. Therefore, this paper research the viable of fuels derived

from waste tyres as preferences to diesel. Production techniques and the influence of

reactor operating parameters (such as reactor temperature and catalyst type) on oil

yield are outlined. These have a predominant effect on the performance and emission

traits of diesel engines when the use of tyre derived fuels. In general, tyre derived fuels

make bigger the brake precise fuel consumption and reduce the brake thermal

efficiency. The majority of research point out that NOx emissions amplify with waste tyre

derived fuels; however, a few studies have pronounced the opposite trend. A similar

growing fashion has been found for CO and CO2 emissions. Although most studies said

an enlarge in HC emission owing to decrease cetane number and greater density, some

studies have stated decreased HC emissions. It has been observed that the higher

fragrant content in such fuels can lead to improved particulate be counted emissions.

Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-19330-0