© 2015 IJIRT | Volume 1 Issue 12 | ISSN: 2349-6002

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SUPPORTING

SYSTEM OF ELEVATED BILLBOARD
(HOARDING) STRUCTURES HAVING DIFFERENT
CONFIGURATION
Makrand D. Suryawanshi,
Civil Engineering Department, Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering,
Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, INDIA
Abstract: - This paper includes to determination of the 1) Various steel section and hollow section used to
suitable and economical type of supporting systems by construct and support the frame,
considering three different types of support systems
mainly truss type, built-up section type, hollow section 2) Steel frame for the advertising message, and
type with different types of bracings. All the supporting
3) Electrical equipment for lighting and other special
systems I have considered for a particular dimension of
effects.
the hoarding boards, the height of structure is taken tall
in range between 15 to 20 meters above ground level General Design Parameters:-
(G.L) and Pune city is considered as location for
comparative study. I have prepared computer aided  Size of Billboard is 12 m x 6 m
program for the design of above referred supporting
system and carried out the comparison for arriving at the  All supports are fixed and joints are rigid.
economic design. Above computer aided program is
prepared as per requirement of IS 800-2007.  Maximum yield stress is 250 N/mm²

Index Terms: Hoarding, Billboard, Different Bracing,  Foundation is 1.5 m below the ground level.
Supporting System.
 Effective length of the member is taken as per
I. INTRODUCTION
IS 800-2007 by various bracing system.
Billboards (Hoarding) Structures are large outdoor
 Steel frame of billboard is made up of 0.7 m thick.
signboards kept on ground and terraces of buildings, found
along major highways and are vulnerable to wind forces. The II. LOADS CONSIDERATION
failures of these structures have resulted in fatalities in the
past. As these are not considered as important structures, The billboards are liable to fail under combined action of
very less attention has been given to their collapse. In India, self-weight; earthquake loads and wind force following loads
civic body clearance is required before placing a billboard are considered for analysis of supporting system.
which requires submission of structural design and drawing
from a registered structural engineer. However, looking to 1) Dead load of the billboard frame
the loss of properties and lives in various parts of world due
to the collapse of billboards has forced to re-examine the 2) Wind load or earthquake load
structural safety of existing billboards.
A. Self-weight Calculation:-

The self-weight of members is given in Y-direction.

Main Components:-
B. Wind Load Calculation:-
Large billboards have three main components:
Billboard is located at Pune city.

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Wind load is calculated as per IS 875(part-3)-1987 Wind force acting on billboard (F) is 1.83 kN/m2 as per IS
875, part-3, Sec.6.3.
External pressure coefficient Cf is1.7 considered as per IS
875, part-3, Sec.6.3.2.3 Wind load is generated only on billboard surface.

III. ANALYSIS AND DESIGN USING COMPUTER 70 x 70 x 5mm is any one leg connected back
AIDED PROGRAME with 10 mm gusset plate is used.

A. Truss type Design program for billboard Steel Take-off: Following table-I shows the total
structure with horizontal bracing and inclined weight of steel taken for supporting system.
member bracing:-
TABLE-I

a) STEEL TAKE-OFF FOR BILLBOARD WITH

HORIZONTAL AND INCLINED
CONNECTOR

BRACING
HORIZHONTAL
CONFIGURATION

PROFILE TOTAL
WEIGHT
LENGTH
(KN)
Type 1 (METER)
Fig. 1 Single post truss with horizontal connector
ISMC 400 (Member AG) 184.00 89.17
Member Property:-
ISMC 150 (Member CG) 186.71 30.04
i) Truss section with horizontal bracing :-
2 ISA 45 X 45 X 5
a) Vertical members parallel to Y axis :- Channel 48.00 1.60
(Bracing)
section member back to back having ISMC 400
with 50 mm spacing between B/B channel section TOTAL WEIGHT = 120.81
is selected as vertical members (Members parallel
to Y) as shown if fig.1. BRACING
INCLINED
CONFIGURATION
b) Members parallel to X axis: - Single angle section
PROFILE TOTAL
having size 45 x 45 x 5mm is any one leg connected WEIGHT
LENGTH
back with 10 mm gusset plate are used.
(KN)
Type 2 (METER)
ii) Truss section with Inclined bracing :-
ISMC 300 (Member AG) 184.00 64.62
a) Vertical members parallel to Y axis: -
Channel ISMC 175 (Member CG) 186.71 32.24

section member back to back having ISMC 300 with 2 ISA 70 X 70 X 5

107.34 5.58
50 mm spacing between B/B channel section is (Bracing)
selected as vertical members (Members parallel to Y).
TOTAL WEIGHT = 102.44
b) Inclined bracing members in between two
supports: - Single angle section having size

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Section of 4 No’s equal angle members having size

B. Built up section Design program for billboard
structure with horizontal bracing and inclined
member bracing:-
35x35x 5mm with 950 mm is selected as vertical
members (Members parallel to Y).
b) Inclined bracing members in between two
supports: -

Single angle section having size 30 x 30 x 3mm is any

one leg connected back with 8 mm gusset plate is used.

Steel Take-off: Following table-II shows the total

weight of steel taken for supporting system.

TABLE-II

b) STEEL TAKE-OFF FOR BILLBOARD WITH

HORIZONTAL AND INCLINED
CONNECTOR

BRACING
HORIZHONTAL
CONFIGURATION

PROFILE TOTAL
WEIGHT
LENGTH
Type 1 (KN)
(METER)

Fig. 2 Built up Section member with horizontal 4 ISA 45 X 45X 5

connector 320.00 10.67
(Vertical)

Member Property:- ISA 40 X 40 X 5 (Bracing)48.00 1.41

iii) Built up angles section with horizontal TOTAL WEIGHT = 12.09

bracing :-
BRACING
a) Vertical members parallel to Y axis :- Built up INCLINED
CONFIGURATION
Section of 4 No’s equal angle members having size PROFILE TOTAL
45x45x 5mm with 650 mm is selected as vertical WEIGHT
LENGTH
members (Members parallel to Y) as shown if fig.2.
Type 2 (KN)
(METER)
b) Members parallel to X axis: - Single angle
section 4 ISA 35 X 35X 5
320.00 8.16
(Vertical)
having size 40 x 40 x 5mm is any one leg connected
back with 10 mm gusset plate are used. ISA 30 X 30 X 3 (Bracing)93.34 1.28

iv) Built up angles section with Inclined TOTAL WEIGHT = 9.44

bracing :-

a) Vertical members parallel to Y axis: - Built

up

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 © 2015 IJIRT | Volume 1 Issue 12 | ISSN: 2349-6002

C. Hollow section Design program for billboard circular section having external diameter of size 139.7
structure with horizontal bracing and inclined mm with thickness of 6 mm is selected as vertical
member bracing:- members (Members parallel to Y) as shown if fig.3b.

b) Inclined bracing members in between two

supports: - Circular tubes having class Medium
20 with grade of tube Yst 22 is selected as
members for inclined bracing system between
two support and both members are connected to
each other by welding.

Steel Take-off: Following table-III shows the total

weight of steel taken for supporting system.

a) STEEL TAKE-OFF FOR BILLBOARD WITH

HORIZONTAL AND INCLINED
CONNECTOR

BRACING
HORIZONTAL
CONFIGURATION

PROFILE TOTAL
WEIGHT
LENGTH
Fig. 3 Hollow circular section member with a)
horizontal and (KN)
Type 1 (METER)
b) Inclined connector in between of two supports.
Circular sect. with dia 127 mm
100 17.56
Member Property:- (Vertical member)

v) Hollow Circular section with horizontal Class Light 80 with Grade Yst
48 3.23
25 (Bracing)
(Tubular Member) bracing:-
TOTAL WEIGHT = 20.79
a) Vertical members parallel to Y axis :- Hollow
BRACING
INCLINED
circular section having external diameter of size 127 CONFIGURATION
mm with thickness of 6 mm is selected as vertical
members (Members parallel to Y) as shown if fig.3a. PROFILE TOTAL
WEIGHT
LENGTH
b) Tubular bracing member parallel to X axis: - (KN)
Type 2 (METER)
Circular tubes having class light 80 with grade of tube
Yst 25 is selected as members for horizontal bracing Circular sect. with dia 139.7
80.00 15.54
system and both members are connected to each other mm (Vertical member)
by welding.
Class Medium 20 with Grade
vi) Hollow Circular section with inclined 93.34 4.19
Yst 22 (Bracing)
(Tubular Member) bracing:-
TOTAL WEIGHT = 19.73
a) Vertical members parallel to Y axis: - Hollow
TABLE-III

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150
100 Truss section
50
0 1998; accepted 7 July 1999
Built-up with
angle section
built-up with
hollow section
Fig1. Steel take off (KN) for various support system.
Note: - Design of members are optimized using
optimization.
From the results of above all six cases a suggestion for
the configuration of supporting system for the
considered size of billboard is that the supporting
system with Built up section along with inclined
bracing member (as in Case B) shows better
performance against wind load resistance and
displacement, optimize w.r.t stress as well as it is
economical compared to other considered supporting
system.
REFERENCES
[1] K. A. Parmar, M. G. Vanza (May 2011),
“Comparative study of supporting system of
elevated Billboard with multi post back to
back having different configuration”,
National Conference on Recent Trends in
Engineering & Technology B.V.M.
Engineering College, V. V. Nagar, Gujarat,
India.
[2] C. B. Joshi, N. K. Arora (Oct 2011),
“Structural Scrutiny of the Existing
Billboards” international journal of Earth
Science & civil engineering ISSN 0974-
5904, Volume 04, No 06 SPL, October 2011,
pp 642-644.
[3] An Explanatory Handbook on Indian
Standard Designation, IS: 875 Part 3-1987-
Wind Loads on buildings and structures.
IJIRT 102023 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY
[4] C.W. Letchford, Wind loads on rectangular
signboards and hoardings, Department of
Civil Engineering, University of Queensland,
Brisbane, Australia, and Received 16 January
[5] Indian Standard Designation IS 800: 2007:
General construction in steel – code of
practice bureau of Indian standards.
[6] Indian Standard Designation IS 1893 (Part
1): 2002: Criteria for Earthquake Resistant
Design of Structures.
[7] Indian Standard Designation IS 816: 1969:
Indian Standard CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
USE OF METAL ARC WELDING FOR
GENERAL CONSTRUCTION IN MILD
STEEL.
[8] Indian Standard Designation IS 1161: 1998:
Indian Standard Code of practice for Steel
tubes for structural purposes - Specification.
[9] Indian Standard Designation IS 806: 1968:
Indian Standard Code of practice for Use of
Steel tubes in general building construction.
[10] Use
http://www.google.com/Images/billboard
Structures for getting Images of various
types, design & different supporting Frame
(Steel) Structure of Billboard (Hoarding)
Structures.
[11] “Guidelines for the Assessment of Billboard
Properties.” State of California, Board of
Equalization: 2002
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