ENGLISH FOR

TELECOMMUNICATION
ENGINEERING

DRW - STTH
 COMMUNICATION SATELLITES

The most modern and quickest way of sending information around the
world is by communication satellite.
The first communication satellite wa named “Early Bird” and was launced
in the 1960‟s. Since then, many more communication satellites have gone into
orbit around the earth.
All comminication satellites orbit the Earth, above the equator, at a height
of 35. 900 kilometres. At this height the satellite, acted on by gravity, will take 24
hours to go around the earth and hence, will be considered geostationary i.e. it
will remain in the same position in the sky relative to the ground.
Communication satellites receive radio signals from „ground station‟ and
pass them onto other „ground station‟ where they are relayed by microwave links
to a communication tower and onto telephone exchange, radio and television
stations. In this way, telephone calls and TV programmes may be sent around the
world.

Exercise 1
Answer these questions!
1. What is Early Bird?
2. How do the communication satellites work?
3. What do you mean by the word in this way?
4. Give the definition of communication by your own words

Exercise 2
Find out the similar meanings from the text
1. Called = 5. Trade =
2. News = 6. Fast =
3. Performed = 7. Place =
4. Telephone = 8. Top =
 THE TELEPHONE

The first telephone was invented in 1876. Speech transmission in those

days was limited to a distance of a few miles and the construction of the first
telephone was simple. A wire with a ground provided the connection. The main
parts were a transmitter and a receiver. Sound waves struck the diaphragm and
caused it to vibrate. The vibration of the diaphragm changed the magnetic field,
inducing electric waves of varying voltage and current. These waves passed to the
distant telephone where the changes produced in the magnetic field caused the
diaphragm to reproduce the original sound.
Later development of the telephone changed its construction, it became
more complex. Transmitters and receivers were separated. Auxiliary elements
were used in its circuit to provide for better transmission of speech. The need to
connect any two of a large number of telephone sets led to the development of a
switchboard in 1878. The advantage of a central switching office with a
switchboard was very great.
In 1889 telephone sets were interconnected automatically. Further
development improved the switching system and more telephone constructions
were used. The number of telephones to be interconnected increased and large
cities needed more switchboard offices. Therefore the interconnection problem
was of great importance. Central offices grew in number.

Transmitter
When speaking over the telephone, we speak into the microphone or
transmitter. The transmission of sounds over a distance is the transmission of
oscillations. The frequency of the transmitted oscillations must be constant. The
microphone or transmitter consists of microphone housing, carbon chamber,
carbon diaphragm, carbon granules, insulating spacer, and conductor. The
current passes through the diaphragm, carbon chamber and carbon granules.
The sound pressure on the diaphragm varies the pressure on the granules of
carbon. These granules either make more contacts and decrease the resistance of
the granules, or make fewer contacts and increase the resistance. Sound waves
produce oscillations of the same frequency as those of the sounding body. At
these both the transmitter resistance and the current in the circuit will change.

Receiver
The varying current passes through the receiver connected to a network.
The receiver consists of electromagnet coils, a steel magnet and a diaphragm. The
diaphragm, magnets and coil are housed in a plastic cap. A variable current
passing through the magnet‟s coils changes the position of the diaphragm; it
makes it vibrate. The frequency of these oscillations is the same as that of the
transmitter. Therefore, the receiver produces the same sounds which are spoken
into the microphone.

Telephone set protection

Lines serving telephone sets may have contacts with power lines or with
lightning. Therefore telephone sets and their lines need protection, and protector
units serve as protection devices. Usually a protector unit consists of carbon
protector blocks connected between each wire of the line and the ground. Fuses
are also used on the protector blocks; they protect protector blocks against power
contact currents. A fuse is an imporant part of protector blocks. Without it power
contact currents may overheat the protector or its ground conductor. Sometimes
fuses are not used. A fuse is not used if the building is served by insulated wires
that are connected to metal-sheathed cables on the line pole.

The fax
Pictures can be transmitted over telephone by sound signals. A new
appratus does this by looking at the picture and sending what it sees over the
telephone to an apparatus at the receiving end, which then converts the sound
signals back into the picture. At the transmitting end, the photograph, picture or
document is put into the apparatus. At the receiving end the reproduction
appears on paper. Usually a photograph takes six minutes to be received and
reproduced. In the apparatus optical devices begin rotating and picking up
reflected light which passes through a filter. This is how the apparatus works.

Exercise
Answer the following questions
1. By what means is speech transmitted over a distance?
2. By what means are electric waves carried over a distance?
3. By what means are two telephone sets connected?
4. What parts does a telephone set include?
5. What parts does a receiver include?
6. What parts are linked to a common circuit?
7. What is the transmission of oscillations?
8. How many parts does the transmitter consist of?
9. What parts does current pass through?
10. What units serve as protection device?

Exercise
Look at the picure below and give the meaning for every yellow words
Exercise
Study this diagram of a mobile phone
1. Power Key
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
6. ________________
7. ________________
8. ________________
9. ________________
10. _______________
11. _______________
12. ________________
13. ________________
14. ________________
15. ________________
16. ________________
17. ________________
18. ________________
19. ________________
20. ________________
21. ________________
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE VS PAST CONTINUOUS

Simple past tense

We use the simple past to describe things that happened in the past and finished
at a specific time.
Example: He started the company in 1969.
They didn’t make a profit in the first year.
Did she work there in 1975?

We often use a time reference which refers to the finished event. E.g. yesterday,
last week, last night, three years ago, in 1969, in the first year.

Form
verb stem + ed

Positive and Negative

I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ Arrived Didn‟t arrive
they

Question
Did I/ you/ she/ he/ it/ we/ they Arrive?

The verb to be
Positive and Negative
I/ he/ she Was Was not/ wasn‟t
You/ they/ we Were Were not/ weren‟t

Past continuous
Use
We use the past continuous to talk about:
Things which were happening at the time of speaking.
 Example: I was trying to call Geoff Peters.
He wasn’t working today.
Form

be + ______ ing

Exercise

The State Bank

This morning at 8:33, someone (rob) the State Bank downtown. The thief

(enter) the bank while he (threaten) that he (want) all their money. The thief

(smile) but (look) very tired while the tellers (look) worried. The thief (receive) the

money he (request), when people in the bank (start) to scream. He (leave) the

bank. He (dash) down the street and (go) away in a red car that rattled, squeaked

and smoked when the police (arrive). They hurried and chased the thief down the

street when the neighbors (come) near the scene. They (search) and questioned

bystanders, but the thief vanished. The police (fail) to catch him. Investigators

abandoned the case while they (neglecte) to do anything else. The money was

never recovered while the thief (start) to think about the easy fortune obtained.
 COMPUTER

Computer is an advanced electronic device that takes raw data as input

from the user and processes these data under the control of set of instructions
(called program) and gives the result (output) and saves output for the future use.
It can process both numerical and non-numerical (arithmetic and logical)
calculations.
A program is a sequence of instructions that may be obeyed to get a given
result. A knitting pattern or a carpet design is a program, and so the direction are
given to arrive at some destinations: “Take the second turning on the left, bear
right at the post office, continue to the first round about and then take the third
exist…”, if your car will not start, the series the tests you make is program and
the mathematical formula such as x=(a2-b2)-2ab is another type, instructing you
to perform certain operations on the variable a and b to arrive at a value for x.

Exercise 1
Give the name and fuction from the computer items below!
Exercise 2
Label the elements of these computer hardwares

a.___________ b.____________ c.____________

d.___________ e.____________ f.____________

g.____________ h.____________ i.____________

Exercise 3
Below you have some of the amazing discoveries and achievements of modern
times. Match the names on the left with the definitions on the right:
1. Modem a. A machine which records and plays back sound
2. Photocopier b. A piece of equipment, necessary to have Internet
connection
3. Fax machine c. A machine which records and plays sounds and pictures
4. Tape recorder d. a machine which makes copies of documents
5. VCR e. A machine which acts like a person
6. Robot f. A machine which makes copies and sends them down
telephone lines
 INTERNET

Thousands of people go surfing in the seas around Indonesia each year,

but millions of people in Indonesia go surfing on dry land. How can this be? Well,
of course, it‟s a very different type of surfing. The second type of surfing is „surfing
the web‟ the „World Wide Web‟ which is found on the internet.
So, what exactly is the internet and what is the World Wide Web? Well, it
all dates back to the beginning of the 1970‟s. the American government wanted to
find a way that different areas of the military could communicate with each other.
It also wanted to provide a way for scientists and researchers in universities to
communicate directly with each other.
For nearly twenty years, the use of the internet was limited by the
American government, but in the early 1990‟s, it
allowed the internet to be used for commercial use.
In 1995, the World Wide Web opened up a global
communication system for anyone who had access
to computer which could be connected to the
internet.
Today, the internet is used by people sitting
in their own homes, or by company employees
sitting in their office. Every hours of every day, thousands of people around the
world are sending electronic mail to other people, either for business or private
reasons. Electronic mail or email as we all call it, has for many people replace the
handwriting letters that are sent through postal services. Emails have also largely
replace the faxes and telexes that business used to send.
Around the world, many students use the internet for research as it
contains website with information on just about every subject that it is possible
to imagine. In some countries school even provide free internet access for
students in their Learning Resource Centers. However, possibly the biggest use of
the internet by young people is the access it gives to chat rooms‟. These are
virtual meeting rooms where people from all over the world can „get together‟ and
chat about things that interest them.
 Whatever your age, the internet is a great place to hang out. It‟s not only
fun, but it lets you keep in touch with friends with family and provide an
enormous amount of information. There a lot of great educational sites as well as
place to keep in touch with your favorite sports, hobbies, music, and much more.

Exercise 1
Answer the following questions!
1. What are different types of surfing that people can do in Indonesia?
2. When was the internet first used?
3. What do many people use the internet for every day?
4. What have emails replaced for many people?
5. Why do many students use the internet for research?
6. Why do many young people access „chat room‟?
7. Is the internet a great place to hang out? Why?

Exercise 2
Match the following words with their meaning on the right
A B
Surfing a. An area on the internet where people can „meet‟
World Wide Web b. Electronic mail sent over the internet
Communicate c. An international text communication system
Commercial d. A place on the internet where information is
found
Email e. Not real, made to exist by use of computers
Telex f. To share information, ideas or feelings with
People
Website g. A multimedia system for finding information
Chat room h. Connected with the buying and selling of things
Virtual i. Riding on waves, or using the internet
Internet j. A World Wide computer network
 PASSIVE VOICE

A. The form of Passive Voice

Passive voice is the We form the passive voice in English with the verb to be as an
auxiliary, plus the past participle of the main verb. For every active voice in
English there is a corresponding passive voice.
Formation
Example
1. Active voice
Mary writes a computer assignment
Mary (the subject is the doer of the action)
Writes (verb)
A computer assignment (the noun receiving the action in the object of the
action)

2. Passive
A computer assignment is written by Mary
A computer assignment (the subject is the receiver of the action)
Written (the verb phrase containing a form the verb to be)
Mary (a noun becomes part of the phrase beginning with)

Exercise 1
Change these sentences into passive voice
1. You must leave the message
The message must be left by you
2. We sell sophisticated and high technology mobile phone
……………………………………………
3. Our neighbor ought to borrow the charger.
…………………………………………….
4. Someone answerd my calling
………………………………………………
5. software company is launching new software.
…………………………………

6. The telephone user hears the ringing tone

………………………………
7. He installed a new anti-virus to my laptop.
………………………………
8. You can improve your telecommunication knowledge by practicing.
……………………………………
9. Developers are producing cellphone network increasingly
………………………………….
10. Office workers have used computer application

Exercise 2
Rewrite the following passage in the PASSIVE:
Someone broke into a local jewelry shop yesterday. The owner had just locked up
the shop when a robber with a gun threatened him. The robber told him to
unlock the shop and give him all the diamonds in the safe. Then the robber tied
him up. The police have organized a search for the robber. They hope they will
find him in a few days. Doctors are treating the owner of the shop for shock.
 APPLICATION LETTER

Application letter is also called by A cover letter. Application letter is a

document sent with your resume to provide
additional information on your skills and
experience. Business and professional
people are hired on the basis of application
letter and interview
General points:
• Keep it brief
• Begin your letter or email „Dear Mr /
Mrs/ Msxxxx‟ if you know the person‟s
name, or „Dear Sir or Madam‟ if you
don‟t know their name.
• Short paragraphs.
• Check your spelling, grammar, and
punctuation carefully.

Part of Application Letter

1. Heading
a. Sender's address:
b. Date
2. Inside Address
This is the address you are sending your letter to (the company‟s address).
Make it as complete as possible. Include titles and names if you know them
3. Salutation
Example: Dear Sir,

4. Body
The body of a good application letter, usually 3 to 4 paragraphs, explains why
the applicant is a good fit for the job, explains relevant experience, and shows
how that experience would be useful if selected for the career opportunity.
5. Closing
Example: Yours sincerely,
6. Signature
Do not followed by punctuation

Consist of application letter

1. Introduction
2. Statement of qualification
3. Reason for applying the job
4. Availability of the applicant

666 Antares Way Ray,

MA 02072

Januari 15, 2016

Ms. Nancy Mary

Human Resources Manager
McKeith & Company, Inc.
Parkinson Park Plaza, dome 2000
Boston, MA 02101

Dear Ms. Mary,

Application for the position of product designer
In reference to the job vacancies you advertised at the Carpenters’ Industrial College career
bazaar, I would like to apply for the position of product designer. I believe that while I am a
recent graduate, I do have some valuable experience that will enable me to be an excellent
addition to your design team.

I recently graduated with a Strata one in graphic design, and the course includes product design
modules. Moreover, I have competed in several design competitions and won a gold medal in a
product design competition in Thailand last year, in which I designed a self- heating mug.
Details of this prize and other prizes that I have won are included in the enclosed curriculum
vitae.

I am looking forward to a positive reply from you. Thank you for your kind consideration and
time.

Yours sincerely,

Almira Aulia