NAME: Burgos, Mico Bryan D. STUDENT NO.

: 21-0406-45

SECTION: BSCS – 2A DATE: 9/10/22

ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTION: Provide concise and detailed information about the following:

1. What is communication?

- It is merely the act of sharing common ideas between individuals that are a part of the conversation. It forms an
understanding from the sender to the receiver and vice versa. It is essential to carry out the process convincingly and
meaningfully to develop an ideal conversation.

2. Create a flow chart depicting the historical milestone of electronic communication.

Oct 21, 1837 Mar 10, 1876 Feb 10, 1895

Invention of the telegraph Invention of the telephone The radio is invented
Samuel morse invents the telegraph Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone Guglielmo Marconi invents the radio

Apr 3, 1973 Oct 4, 1957 Sep 7, 1927

Invention of Cellular phones Satellites are first launched Television was invented
Motorola invents the first handheld phone Sputnik was launched into space, a satellite Philo T. Farnsworth invented the television
that could co0mmunicate with earth

Feb 12, 1979 Feb 12, 1979

Email is invented Email is invented
VA Shiva Ayyadurai invents Email VA Shiva Ayyadurai invents Email

3. Draw the Communication Systems Block Diagram. Explain the communication systems block diagram and define
each major component of the diagram.

- The essential components of a communication system are information source, input transducer, transmitter,
communication channel, receiver and destination.
Information Source

- As we know, a communication system serves to communicate a message or information. This information

originates in the information source. In general, there can be various messages in the form of words, group of
words, code, symbols, sound signal etc. However, out of these messages, only the desired message is selected
and communicated. Therefore, we can say that the function of information source is to produce required message
which has to be transmitted.

Input Transducer

- A transducer is a device which converts one form of energy into another form. The message from the information
source may or may not be electrical in nature. In a case when the message produced by the information source is
not electrical in nature, an input transducer is used to convert it into a time-varying electrical signal. For example,
in case of radio-broadcasting, a microphone converts the information or massage which is in the form of sound
waves into corresponding electrical signal.

Transmitter

- The function of the transmitter is to process the electrical signal from different aspects. For example, in radio
broadcasting the electrical signal obtained from sound signal, is processed to restrict its range of audio frequencies
(up to 5 kHz in amplitude modulation radio broadcast) and is often amplified.

The Channel and The Noise

- The term channel means the medium through which the message travels from the transmitter to the receiver. In
other words, we can say that the function of the channel is to provide a physical connection between the
transmitter and the receiver. During the process of transmission and reception the signal gets distorted due to
noise introduced in the system. Noise is an unwanted signal which tend to interfere with the required signal. Noise
signal is always random in character. Noise may interfere with signal at any point in a communication system.
However, the noise has its greatest effect on the signal in the channel.

Receiver

- The main function of the receiver is to reproduce the message signal in electrical form from the distorted received
signal. This reproduction of the original signal is accomplished by a process known as the demodulation or
detection. Demodulation is the reverse process of modulation carried out in transmitter.

Output Transducer

- The transducer that is present at the output side of the communication system is called output transducer.
Generally, the output transducer converts the electrical signal into a non-electrical signal (sound signal, light
signal, or both sound and light signal). The best example of an output transducer is the loudspeaker which is placed
between the receiver section and the destination. The loudspeaker converts the electrical signals into sound
signals which are easily understandable by the humans at the destination.

Destination

- Destination is the final stage which is used to convert an electrical message signal into its original form. For
example, in radio broadcasting, the destination is a loudspeaker which works as a transducer i.e., converts the
electrical signal in the form of original sound signal.
4. Draw the Analog Communication Block Diagram. Explain the analog communication block diagram and define each
major component of the diagram.

- From the above block diagram, you can easily understand the working principle of analog communication
system. At first, the sender provides the information in the physical form. The input transducer converts this
physical information into electrical signals and sends it to the transmitter circuit for transmission. The
transmitter circuit makes ready the signal for the long-distance transmission. The transmission channel
transmits the data over a long distance. The receiver circuit receives the information and converts it into
electrical signals. The output transducer converts the electrical signal into the actual physical form of the
message. At the destination, the receiver finally receives the message.
- An Analog communication system is that where the information or data is transmitted through the analog
electronic signal. These both types of communication system require different circuits, devices, and working
mechanism.
Source or Information Sender

- In a communication system, the source or sender sends the actual information or data. The main objective of a
communication system is to properly and how much possible quickly transmit the information sent by the
sender and deliver to the receiver.

Input Transducer

- The transducer is a device that covers the physical quantity into electrical quantity. In a communication system,
the first and main work is to convert all the messages, information, or data into an electrical signal. Because this
electrical signal is to be conducted through the whole communication system. The transducer provides a very
important major role in a communication system. The main function of the transducer is to convert the message
into an appropriate electrical or electronic signal.

Transmitter Circuit

- The main function of the transmitter circuit is to make the electrical signal ready for transmission over a long
distance. the transmitter circuit includes amplification, modulation, etc. The types of transmitters depend upon
the medium through which the signal is to be transmitted. If the signal is to be transmitted through a conductive
line or wire then the main role of the transmitter is to amplify the signal. But if the signal is to be transmitted
through wireless radio waves, then the role of the transmitter is to convert the electrical signal into a radio
signal and to amplify the signal. The transmitter circuit uses a carrier signal to mix up with the actual data signal.
The carrier signal helps for modulation, security, etc.

Transmission Channel

- The transmission channel is the medium through which the signal or information is transmitted over a long
distance. The transmission channel may be an electrical conductor, line, or cable, or maybe an optical fiber cable
or free space. The electrical conductor transmits the signal in form of the electrical current, the optical fiber
cable transmits the signal in form of the light, and the free space transmits the signal in the form of radio waves.
Remember that the optical signal is used in digital communication only.

Receiver Circuit

- Receiver Circuit is that receives the signals from the transmission channel in form of electrical current or optical
signal or radio waves. The main function of the receiver circuit is to receive the signal and remove the noise and
convert it into electrical signals. If the receiver receives the signal in from the electrical current then it just
removes the noise and extracts the actual data signal if there is a mixed-up signal. If the receiver receives the
signal in form of light or optical then it converts the light signal into electrical signals. If the receiver receives the
signal in form of a radio wave, then it converts the radio signal into electrical signals.

Output Transducer

- The main function of the output transducer is to convert the electrical signal into actual information or message
in form of sound, picture, or video formats. Speaker, Monitors, or TVs are works as output transducer in an
analog communication system.

Destination

- At the destination, the receiver is present who actually receives the information or message, or data.
5. Draw the Digital Communication Block Diagram. Explain the digital communication block diagram and define each
component of the diagram.

- In this communication system, messages or information, or data are transmitted through digital electronic
signals. The main advantages of this system are low noise, low distortion, and less interference. Also, this
communication system provides a very high speed and a large amount of information or data can be transmitted
very easily. Digital communication circuits and devices are cheaper, reliable, and efficient than analog
communication devices.

Source or Information Sender

- The actual message in the physical form is sent from the source or sender. The message sent by the sender is to
be converted, transmitted, and delivered. In a communication system, there may be a single sender or multiple
senders. But we will learn about the concept of a single sender. It will help for better understanding.

Input Transducer

- Input Transducer is that which converts the physical form of the message into the electrical or electronic signal.
The microphone is a transducer that converts the voice into an electrical signal. The camera is also an example
of a transducer used in the digital communication system. Actually, the transducer starts the communication.
Without a transducer, a communication system cannot be started.

Formatters

- Formatter is an electronic circuit that changes the format of the electrical or electronic signal produced by the
transducer. There are mainly two forms of signal - analog signal and digital signal. Most of the transducers
generate analog signals. So, the formatted is used to convert the analog signals into digital signals. If the sender
provides a digital signal such as a computer, then there is no need of a Formatter.
-
Source Encoder

- A source encoder basically compresses the large-size data into small-size data. It tries to reduce the number of
bits as much as possible. This helps to secure the actual information and data. No one can understand or read
the data in the middle of the sender and receiver. Also, it helps to transmit a large amount of data with a small
bandwidth. That increases the efficiency, reliability, and speed of the communication system as well as reduces
the expenses and cost.

Channel Encoder

- The channel encoder is used to avoid the error in the signal. During the transmission of the signal, error may
occur in the signal. So, the channel encoder basically adds some redundant bits as the error-correcting bits.

Modulator

- The modulator works as the transmitter in analog communication. It makes ready the signal for transmission
over a long distance. It converts the digitally encoded signal into an analog signal if the signal is to be
transmitted through the radio wave. If the signal is to be transmitted through the light, then the modulator
converts the electrical signal into light using an additional converter circuit. The modulator also amplifies the
signal.

Transmission Channel

- A transmission channel is that through which the signal is transmitted over a long distance. The transmission
channel may be an electrically conductive line or maybe an optical fiber cable or space. Electrical conductors or
lines generally transmit the signal through electrical or electronic signals whereas optical cables use light and
space use radio waves.

Demodulator

- The demodulator demodulates the received signal from the transmission channel. It converts the other form of
signals (such as light or radio waves) into electrical or electronic signals. It removes the noise from the signal.

Channel Decoder

- It decodes the signal by removing the error-correcting bits which are added by the channel encoder before
transmission.

Source Decoder

- It fully decodes the signal and extracts the actual signal.

De-formatters

- It changes the format of the signal means it converts the digital signal into analog signals if the output
transducer accepts the analog signal only. If the output device is digital then there is no requirement of De-
formatters.

Output Transducer

- It converts the electrical into voice or picture or video formats. Speaker, Monitors, Television are the examples.

Destination

- At the destination, the receiver is present who actually receives the information or message, or data.