Paul Niño S Lagare BSEE IV - A

Lesson 1
1. In what century did electronic communication begin?
Answer: The history of electronic communication began in 1729 (18th
century) when Stephen Grey discovered that electricity could be transmitted
over large distances using insulated metal wires.
2. Name the four main elements of a communication system, and draw a diagram
that shows their relationship.
Answer:

3. List five types of media used for communication, and state which three are the
most commonly used.
Answer:
 Broadcasting - The main sources of the broadcast are
television and radio. We can watch all types of events which
are happening on earth. Usually, people are interested to
watch the news regarding spiritual, politics, sports and so on.
Radio is also the source of broadcasting we can hear all kinds of
news on it and also enjoy the music on it through changing the
channels.
 Print Media - Print Media is also an important source of
information. It includes Newspapers, Magazines, and books,
 etc. We can update with the latest news via that print media
platforms.
 Movies - It is one of the oldest platforms of media and people
went to the theaters to watch it but know people can watch
movies at home via safelight and cable in HD resolution.
 Internet
 Games
4. Name the device used to convert an information signal to a signal compatible
with the medium over which it is being transmitted.
5.
6. Converts the message into a form compatible with the selected medium.

Answer: Communications system

7. Undesirable interference in communications which is added to the signal in the

communication channel.
Answer: Interference
8. What is the function of the input transducer?
Answer: Input Transducers convert a quantity to an electrical signal (voltage) or to
resistance (which can be converted to voltage). Input transducers are also
called sensors.
9. Converts the message from the medium into a form understandable by a human.
Answer:
10.Communication equipment that incorporates circuits that both send and receive.
Answer: Communication System

Lesson 2

1. Two-way communications where each party takes turns transmitting

Answer: Two-way communication involves feedback from the receiver to the sender.
This allows the sender to know the message was received accurately by the receiver.
Communication is also negotiated which means that the sender and receiver listen to
each other, the messages then gathers information to respond.
 2. What is a transceiver?
Answer: transceiver is a device that can both transmit and receive communications, in
particular a combined radio transmitter and receiver.
3. What is the name given to one – way communication? Give three examples
Answer: One-way communication flows from a sender to a receiver, but nothing goes
back in return. ... Some examples of one-way communication include television, radio,
writings, speeches and performances.
4. What are on/off intelligence signals called?
Answer: Signals intelligence.
5. What is the name given to simultaneous two-way communication? Give three
examples.
Answer: Two-way alternating communications is a term sometimes used to
disambiguate the term Duplex (telecommunications). In a two-
way alternating communications channel, each endpoint can either send or receive at
any given time, but cannot send and receive at the same time.
6. ASCII stands for?
Answer: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
7. Smoothly and continuously varying voltage or current.
Answer: Analog Signal Transmission.
8. On/off or coded signals are referred to?
Answer: Binary Code
9. Represents numbers, letters, and special symbols that transmitted serially by wire, radio, or
optical medium.
Answer: Binary Codes
10.A single-frequency analog signal.
Answer: Analog Signal.

Lesson 3

1. Type of electromagnetic radiation that has the lowest energy?

Answer: Radio waves
2. Type of electromagnetic radiation that has the shortest wavelength?
Answer: Gamma rays
3. Color of light that is refracted the furthest?
Answer: Each color has a different wavelength, and it bends differently from all other
colors. Short wavelengths are slowed more sharply upon entering glass from air than are
long wavelengths. Red light has the longest wavelength and is bent the
least. Violet light has the shortest wavelength and is bent the most.
4. What is infrared used for?
Answer: One of the most common uses of infrared radiation is in heat-sensitive
thermal imaging cameras. These can be used to study human and animal body heat
patterns, but more often, they are used as night-vision cameras. These have uses in
warfare, as security cameras and in nocturnal animal research .
5. Type of electromagnetic radiation that travels faster?
Answer: Photons travel in harmonic waves at the fastest speed possible in the
universe: 186,282 miles per second (299,792,458 meters per second) in a vacuum, also
known as the speed of light.
6. What can split white light into its component colors?
Answer: Visible light, also known as white light, consists of a collection
of component colors. These colors are often observed as light passes through a
triangular prism. Upon passage through the prism, the white light is separated into its
component colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet.
7. An electromagnetic radiation that has the highest frequency.
Answer: Gamma rays have the highest energies, the shortest wavelengths, and the
highest frequencies. Radio waves, on the other hand, have the lowest energies, longest
wavelengths, and lowest frequencies of any type of EM radiation.
8. Which type of electromagnetic radiation is used to sterilize food?
Answer: Gamma radiation
Gamma rays are emitted from radioactive forms of the element cobalt
(Cobalt 60) or of the element cesium (Cesium 137). Gamma radiation is
used routinely to sterilize medical, dental, and household products and is
also used for the radiation treatment of cancer.
9. Represents electromagnetic radiation that is used by mobile phones?
Answer: Radio Waves
Mobile phones communicate by transmitting radio waves through a
network of fixed antennas called base stations. Radiofrequency waves are
electromagnetic fields, and unlike ionizing radiation such as X-rays or
gamma rays, can neither break chemical bonds nor cause ionization in the
human body.
10.Type of UV that has the highest hazard level?
Answer: Shortwave UV Radiation
 The shortwave UV radiation (UV-C) poses the maximum risk. The sun emits
UV-C but it is absorbed in the ozone layer of the atmosphere before
reaching the earth. Therefore, UV-C from the sun does not affect people.

Lesson 4
1. Network bandwidth is usually measured in.
Answer: Bits per Second
Bandwidth is measured as the amount of data that can be transferred from
one point to another within a network in a specific amount of time.
Typically, bandwidth is expressed as a bitrate and measured in bits per
second (bps).
2. Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum occupied by a signal.
Answer: Bandwidth is the amount of the frequency spectrum occupied by a
signal regardless of where it is in the spectrum. It is the difference between the upper
and lower frequency limits of the signal. If a signal occupies the range of frequencies
between approximately 300 Hz and 3000 Hz.
3. Two agencies that deal in spectrum management.
Answer: Therefore the United States
has two separate organizations providing spectrum management: an
independent agency, the FCC, for all nonfederal uses and the executive branch office of
NTIA for federal uses.
4. Refers to the range of frequencies that contain the information.
Answer: One definition of bandwidth, for a system, could be the range of
frequencies over which the system produces a specified level of
performance.
5. What is meant by IEEE?
Answer: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
6. Provided by agencies to set and control spectrum use.
Answer: Spectrum management is the process of regulating the use
of radio frequencies to promote efficient use and gain a net social benefit.
7. The difference between the upper and lower frequency limits of the signal.
Answer: Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies in
a continuous band of frequencies. It is typically measured in hertz, and depending on
context, may specifically refer to pass band bandwidth or baseband bandwidth.
 8. Frequencies above and below the carrier frequency.
Answer: Frequency Modulation If the FM system used a maximum
modulating index, b, of 5.0, then the frequency would "swing" by a
maximum of 5 x 15 kHz = 75 kHz above and below the carrier frequency.
9. What is meant by ITU?
Answer: International Telecommunication Union
10. Refers to the range of frequencies required to transmit the desired information
Answer: The information signal can rarely be transmitted as is, it must be
processed. In order to use electromagnetic transmission, it must first be
converted from audio into an electric signal. The conversion is
accomplished by a transducer. After conversion it is used to modulate a
carrier signal.

A carrier signal is used for two reasons:

 To reduce the wavelength for efficient transmission and reception (the

optimum antenna size is ½ or ¼ of a wavelength). A typical audio frequency
of 3000 Hz will have a wavelength of 100 km and would need an effective
antenna length of 25 km! By comparison, a typical carrier for FM is 100
MHz, with a wavelength of 3 m, and could use an antenna only 80 cm long.
 To allow simultaneous use of the same channel, called multiplexing. Each
unique signal can be assigned a different carrier frequency (like radio
stations) and still share the same channel. The phone company actually
invented modulation to allow phone conversations to be transmitted over
common lines.