IB Biology Chapter 2 Notes: Enzymes (2.

5) NAME:

Word Definition
Enzymes Globular proteins that decrease activation energy in reactions
Catalyst Materials that decrease the activation energy of reactions
Active Site The spot on the enzyme that the substrate attaches to
Substrate Another word for reactants that an enzyme helps to go through a reaction
Denaturation When an enzyme changes its shape due to changes in environmental conditions
Lactase An enzyme that breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose
Lactose A disaccharide found in milk
Activation energy The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Kinetic energy The energy of motion
Concentration The relative amount of something in an area or given amount of solvent.
2.5.1 Enzymes have an Substrate:
active site to which specific
substrates bind.
Active site:

Enzyme-substrate specificity:

2.5.2 Enzyme catalysis Outline how enzymes catalyze reactions:

involves molecular motion
and the collision of
substrates with the active
site.

2.5.3 Temperature, pH, and Outline each factor affects enzyme function and sketch a graph:
substrate concentration Temperature:
affect the rate of activity of
enzymes.

pH:

Substrate concentration:

2.5.4 Enzymes can be Describe what happens when an enzyme is denatured:

denatured.

2.5.7 Design of experiments Experiment on the enzyme, Catalase:

to test the effect of What reaction does Catalase catalyze?
temperature, pH, and
substrate concentration on Possible independent variables to test:
the activity of enzymes.

Possible dependent variable to measure:

2.5.5 Immobilized enzymes What is an ‘immobilized’ enzyme?
are widely used in industry.

What are two ways enzymes can be immobilized?

What are advantages to using immobilized enzymes?

2.5.6 Methods of production What is lactose?

of lactose-free milk and its
advantages.
What reaction is catalyzed by lactase?

Describe how lactose-free milk is produced:

Outline advantages of lactose-free milk: