TOPIC 4 MATRICES

4.1 Matrices
1 3 4
1. Given 7 10 8  . Order row column
 4 6 3 

2. Type of Matrix
a) Row Matrix b) Column matrix c) Null Matrix d) Diagonal Matrix
(Zero matrix)

e) Lower Triangular Matrix f) Upper Triangular Matrix g) Identity Matrix

(refer lecture notes) (refer lecture notes)

3. Operation
Kindly refer lecture Note for Additional and subtraction of the Matrices.

Multiplication – refer video

T4 Matrices_1 Multiplication of matrices01
 −3 1 
1 2  
a)    1 
4 6 2 −
 2

 2 4 3
1 2   
b)    1 2 3
 4 6 
7 0 1

T4 Matrices_3 Multiplication of matrices03

1 3 4   3 4 
c)  5 6 6   6 2 
 2 2 1   4 4 

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 TOPIC 4 MATRICES

 1 3 1
 2 − 
2 2  2 −1 1 
 
−  1 0 1 
1 
d)  −
1 5
 2 2 2
 1  3 −1 4 
− 1 1  
−
 2 2 2 

 2 a b 0 − 3 6 
e) Given that P = − 1 4 b , Q = c − 8 d  such that 12 P + 4Q = R where R is a 3  3 diagonal
 
   
 0 e a  0 6b d 
matrix. Find the values of a,b,c,d and e. Obtain the diagonal matrix R.

3 5 p  2 9 − 4
f) Given that M = q 1 1 and N = − 3 4 0  . If 2 M − N is a 3  3 symmetric matrix,
 
   
 5 r 2   10 p 1 
determine the values of p,q and r.

4.2 Determinant
4. If the determinant is , then it is a singular matrix. ( ).

5. Formula: A= or A =
or A =

 2 −1 1 
6. Given A = 1 0 1  . Find
 3 −1 4 

a) The determinant of A. refer video T4 Matrices_7 determinant of Matrix A

b) The minor of A. refer video T4 Matrices_4 Minor of Matrix A
c) The cofactor of A. refer video T4 Matrices_5 cofactor of Matrix A
d) The adjoint of A. refer video T4 Matrices_6 adjoint of Matrix A

refer video T4 Matrices_8 determinant02

 2m −1 6 
7. Given A =  1 9 3  , where m is an integer and A = 28 .
 m 1 2m 
a) Find the value of m.
b) Hence, find the adjoint of A.

refer video T4 Matrices_9 determinant03

2 1 1
3x x
8. Given 0 5 − 2 = . Find the values of x.
−8 x
1 −3 3

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1 0 −1 
9. If A =  2 y+3 5  , A = 38 and y  0 , find.
 3 −2 y + 2 

a) The value of y.
b) AT .

refer video T4 Matrices_10 situation for cofactor

1 2 −1
10. Given A =  2 3 −3 . Determine the values of x and y if the cofactor of A is
 2 2 −1
 3 x + y −2 
0 1 2  , where x  0 .

 −3 x 2 −1

4.3 Inverse Matrices

 2 2 −3 1 2 1 
11. Given P =  2 −1 0  and Q =  2 1 2  . Find
 
 −3 0 3  1 2 2 
a) PQ b) P c) Minor of P d) adjoint of P e) P −1

Adjoint Method

refer video T4 Matrices_11 inverse matrix

Deduce Method – Find inverse matrix of P.
 2 2 −3 1 2 1 
P =  2 −1 0  Q =  2 1 2 
 
 −3 0 3  1 2 2 
 2 2 −3 1 2 1 
PQ =  2 −1 0   2 1 2 
 −3 0 3  1 2 2 

refer video T4 Matrices_12 Elementary Row Operation

Elementary Row Operation - Find the inverse matrix of P
i. Interchange of 2 rows.
ii. Multiplying one row by a non-zero scalar k.
iii. Adding one row with k times of another row.

 2 2 −3  2 2 −3 1 0 0 
P =  2 −1 0  →  2 −1 0 0 1 0 
 −3 0 3   −3 0 3 0 0 1 

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 TOPIC 4 MATRICES

1 1
12. A is the matrix   . Show that A2 − A = I , where I is the 2  2 identity matrix. Hence, find the
1 0
−1
A as a single matrix.

1 7 3   5 − 7 − 1
 
13. Given the matrices A = 0 5 2 and B = 6  − 8 − 2 .
  
3 0 1  − 15 21 5 
Find AB . Hence, find the inverse of the matrix A.

 2 − 1
14. 5. Find A2 if A =   . Find m and n such that A2 + mA + nI = 0 . Where I is the 2  2
− 5 3 
identity matrix and O is the 2  2 zero matrix. Hence find A −1 and A3 .

4.4 System of Linear Equations with Three Variable

1 − 1 1   3 3 − 1 x − y + z =1
   
15. Find 0 2 − 1 − 2 − 2 1  . Hence, solve the system 2 y − z = 4 .
2 3 0  − 4 − 5 2  2x + 3y = 7

 3 − 1 1  1 1 − 1 x + y − z =1
  
16. Find − 1 1 0  1 
2 − 1 . Hence, solve the system x + 2 y − z = −3 .
 1 0 1 − 1 − 1 2  − x − y + 2z = 2

2 x + y − 3z = 1
17. Given 3 x − y − 4 z − 7 = 0 .
5x + 2 y = 5 + 6 z
Write the above system of linear equations in the form of a matrix equation. Hence, by using the
inverse matrix method. Solve the equation.

2 x + y − 3z = 1
18. Given 3 x − y − 4 z − 7 = 0 .
5x + 2 y = 5 + 6 z
Write the above system of linear equations in the form of a matrix equation. Hence, by using the
Gauss Jordan Elimination. Solve the equation.